Geology of phosphate deposits

Most phosphorite deposits in China have long ore age, strong diagenesis and dense ore cementation. More than 75% of the ore beds tend to be gently inclined, from thin to medium thickness. This output characteristic brings a series of technical problems to mining, which often leads to high loss rate, high dilution rate and low resource recovery rate.

According to geological conditions, phosphate deposits in China include exogenous sedimentary phosphate, endogenous apatite phosphate and metamorphic phospholimestone phosphate.

Exogenous sedimentary phosphorite deposits are mainly produced in Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic shallow-sea facies-coastal sediments, with large scale and ore-bearing belt extending tens to hundreds of kilometers along the strike, which has the characteristics of less rich ore, more poor ore, less easy beneficiation and great difficulty in beneficiation. In gently inclined carbonate phosphorite deposits, large-scale weathering zones are sometimes formed, which is an important source of high quality and rich ore. According to the formation conditions of the deposit, it can be divided into biochemical deposition and weathering leaching, and its geological characteristics are shown in table 14-8.

Endogenous apatite deposits are mainly formed by magmatic separation or infiltration, and can be divided into two subtypes according to the types of ore-forming parent rocks: basic-ultrabasic rocks and alkaline-ultrabasic rocks. The apatite particles in this kind of deposits are coarse, and most of them coexist with magnetite (vanadium and titanium). The ore is easy to be selected and has high comprehensive utilization value. See table 14-9 for its geological characteristics. There are a few post-magmatic contact metasomatism, hydrothermal filling and pegmatite deposits in this kind of deposits, but they are small in scale and have great grade change, so they are generally of no industrial significance. In addition, it is a carbonate apatite deposit formed by magmatic differentiation, which has certain clues in China and deserves attention in the future.

Metamorphic phospholimestone deposits are mainly produced in Proterozoic and Archean metamorphic rocks, and the scale is relatively large. Compared with endogenous apatite deposits, apatite content is higher and particles are finer. The harmful impurity in phospholimestone ore is magnesium carbonate (calcium), which is easy to enter the concentrate after beneficiation, which is not conducive to the production of high-efficiency fertilizer. This kind of deposit has broad prospects and can be divided into two subtypes according to its genesis: sedimentary metamorphism and metamorphic metasomatism. See table 14- 10 for its geological characteristics.

Two, the main genetic types of deposits and examples of deposits.

1. sedimentary phosphate deposit

Sedimentary phosphorite mainly occurs in Sinian and Cambrian.

Sinian phosphorite deposits: Except Dengjiaya phosphorite in Nanzhang, Hubei Province and Dengying Formation of Upper Sinian in Tianmenshan, Dayong, Hunan Province, all known Sinian marine sedimentary deposits in China belong to Doushantuo Formation. The phosphorus-bearing strata in this group are mainly composed of dolomite, phosphorite, claystone and transition rocks between them. Phosphate rock is often located in the transition position above clay rock and below dolomite, and a few occur in dolomite, which is layered or quasi-layered. Industrial coal seams tend to be gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies with many layers, generally 1 ~ 3 layers, which are mainly produced in the lower part (lower coal seam) and middle-upper part (upper coal seam) of Doushantuo Formation.

The main useful mineral is collophanite, followed by a small amount of fine particles or microcrystalline apatite. Gangue minerals are generally dolomite, quartz, chalcedony, clay minerals and a small amount of pyrite and carbonaceous materials.

Collophanite mainly occurs in cryptocrystalline colloidal blocks, pseudooolitic and clastic, and its particle size is generally 0.5~0.6 mm The most common ore texture types are granular texture and vein texture. The common structural types are banded, striped, sandwiched, dense and layered.

Table 14-8 Characteristics of Exogenous Sedimentary Phosphate Deposits

Table 14-9 Characteristics of Endogenous Apatite Deposits

Table 14- 10 metamorphic apatite deposit characteristics

Example of deposit 1: Kaiyang phosphate mine in Guizhou.

The mine is located in Kaiyang County, Guizhou Province. Phosphate deposits occur in the upper part of Doushantuo Formation of Upper Sinian, and are widely exposed in the two wings of seawater short-axis anticline with nearly north-south strike. The mining area includes 6 ore sections with a total area of nearly 50 square kilometers. With stable thickness and grade, large scale and good ore quality, the coal seam is a rare high-quality phosphate deposit at home and abroad (figure 14- 1).

Figure 14- 1 Geological Map of Kaiyang Phosphate Mine in Guizhou Province

1- CAMBRIAN; Upper Sinian 2- Dengying Formation; 3- Upper Sinian Doushantuo Formation; Lower Sinian 4- Nantuo Formation and Pre-Sinian Banxi Group; 5— Phosphate rock layer; 6-axis of anticline; 7- Fault

The exposed strata in this area are mainly Sinian and Cambrian. The lower part of Doushantuo Formation is phosphorus-bearing rock series, which is terrigenous clastic deposit, and its lithology is mainly fine-grained argillaceous sandstone and argillaceous siltstone. The upper part is mainly composed of compact phosphorite (or layered phosphorite), shale and manganese-bearing siliceous dolomite.

The structure of the seam is simple, and it is single-layer production, generally without interlayer, but sometimes thin shale interlayer is seen, and dolomite lens is occasionally seen in the upper part of the seam. The thickness of coal seam is generally 4 ~ 7 m, and the maximum thickness is 15 m, and it tends to become thinner to the deep.

The ore is granular, pseudooolitic and gelatinous, with a particle size of 0. 1 ~ l mm, and is dominated by dense massive structures, in which stromatolitic structure is extremely developed, and columnar, conical and tubular algae are common. The ore mineral is mainly collophanite with a small amount of fibrous apatite. Gangue minerals include hydromica, Yingshi, dolomite, calcite and pyrite. Sometimes glauconite and chlorite can be seen.

Cambrian phosphorite deposits: China Cambrian marine phosphorite deposits are mainly distributed in platform sedimentary strata. There are five phosphorus-bearing horizons in this area, from old to new, which are the lower part of the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage (the middle village section of Yuhucun Formation), the upper part of the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage (the Badaowan section of Qianzhusi Formation), the middle part of the Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Stage (Xinji Formation), the upper part of the Lower Cambrian Canglangpu Stage (Changping Formation) and the Middle Cambrian (Damao Formation). Among them, the lower part of the Lower Cambrian Meishucun Stage in the upper Yangtze region has the greatest industrial value, and its reserves account for about 90% of the total Cambrian phosphate rock.

The Cambrian phosphorite deposits and phosphorus-bearing beds in China are controlled by horizons. As long as the ore-bearing strata are the same, the deposit types and rock assemblages are basically similar.

The most industrially valuable phosphorus-bearing horizon in Cambrian is the Zhongyicun section of Yuhucun Formation in Meishucun Stage of Lower Cambrian, which belongs to siliceous rock-carbonate rock-phosphorite formation. Phosphorus-bearing strata are 40 ~ 250 meters thick, generally 2 ~ 5 layers of phosphorite, with a cumulative thickness of 2 ~ 70 meters and a general thickness of 15 ~ 20 meters ... The total outcrop length of ore beds in eastern Yunnan is 1283 km, with gentle occurrence, dip angle of 5 ~ 40 and thin overburden. According to the coal seam structure and its occurrence form in phosphorus-bearing strata, it can be roughly divided into two types: one is simple in structure and the other is complex in upper and lower layers.

Upper coal seam is the most widely distributed in the region (East Yunnan), which is an industrial coal seam with stable thickness and good quality. The thickness is 1.5 ~ 7~ 10 m, usually 7~ 10 m. The underlying ore is mainly composed of various lean phosphate rocks, and only a few mining areas (Chengjiang) are rich in ore. The thickness of coal seam is 1.5 ~ 36 m, generally 5 ~ 8 m, and its stability is not as good as that of upper coal seam, and its distribution area in this area is only half of that of upper coal seam. The interlayer between the upper and lower coal seams is mostly dolomite, and some are clay rocks, generally 2 ~ 15 m thick.

There are many natural types of ores in this area, but they are mainly compact phosphorite, banded phosphorite, dolomite phosphorite and bioclastic phosphorite. Phosphorus-containing substances are mainly collophanite, with a content of 40% ~ 98%. In addition, there are a small amount of fluorocarbon apatite, a small amount of phosphorite, tetrahedrite and argentite. Collophanite exists in phosphate rock in the form of particles and cementation. Gangue minerals are mainly calcite, dolomite, chalcedony, timely and clay minerals. Followed by glauconite, pyrite and carbonaceous materials.

Almost all phosphorite in the area is granular phosphorite, and the average content of collophane is 62.6%, of which 53.3 1% exists in granular form and only 9.37% exists in cement form. The most common types of ore structures are massive, banded and banded, and there are few other types.

The content of P2O5 in ore is mainly low, and there are few high-grade rich ores. Harmful impurities are generally high in magnesium and low in iron and aluminum.

According to the amount of silicate, carbonate and phosphate minerals in gangue minerals, the ores can be divided into phosphate-rich ores, siliceous ores, calcareous ores and siliceous-calcareous ores, and the proportion of each type of ores is 6%, siliceous ores 2% and siliceous-calcareous ores 83% respectively.

Example 2: Kunyang Phosphate Mine in Yunnan Province

Kunyang Phosphate Mine, located in the west bank of Dianchi Lake in southwest Kunming, is one of the largest phosphate deposits in China in the Early Cambrian. The deposit is a monoclinal structure with nearly east-west direction. Formation dip 160 ~ 190, dip 10 ~ 25, and the occurrence is gentle. The dip angle of phosphate rock is consistent with the terrain slope, and the overlying strata are thin.

The phosphorite layer occurs in the section of Zhongyi Village, Yuhucun Formation, Meishucun Stage, Early Cambrian (Figure 14-2), and is mainly composed of dolomite and phosphorite, with a thickness of 20. 16 m, of which phosphorite is 10.06 m, accounting for 45%. Phosphate rock is divided into upper and lower layers, with a gray-white phosphorus-containing hydromica layer sandwiched in the middle, which is about 1.6 m thick. The ore seam extends 8 km from east to west and the mining area is 20.86 km2. The upper coal seam thickness is 1.97 ~ 14.85 m, with an average thickness of 5.77 m, which is relatively stable; The thickness of the lower coal seam is 0 ~ 6.87 m, with an average thickness of 3.5 m, which changes greatly and is unstable. The average content of P2O5 in the whole region is 26.24%, and the outcrop oxidized ore is rich in grade, containing more than P2O530% and less harmful impurities. The content of P2O5 in deep primary ore decreased significantly (20% ~ 25%), while the contents of Ca and Mg increased. The ore types are mainly blue-gray phosphate-rich rocks and light-gray dolomite phosphate rocks. The ore minerals are mainly collophanite with a small amount of dolomite, calcite, chalcedony and glauconite. Ore is mainly granular structure, phosphorite bedding is mainly horizontal bedding, wavy bedding and sequential granular bedding, followed by cross bedding.

Figure 14-2 Geological Schematic Diagram of Haikou Mining Area of Kunyang Phosphate Mine in Yunnan Province

2. Endogenous phosphorite deposit

Endogenous phosphorus (limestone) deposits are not as good as phosphorite deposits in terms of reserves scale and quantity, but they are still one of the important sources of phosphorus because of their advantages of easy selection and high comprehensive utilization value, especially in phosphorus-deficient areas.

Endogenous phosphate deposits in China are mainly distributed in the Sino-Korean paraplatform, and the occurrence time is mostly from Proterozoic to Paleozoic. The deposit types mainly include mantle-derived alkaline ultrabasic composite apatite deposits, mantle-derived vanadium-bearing titanium-based ultrabasic composite apatite deposits and intermediate-acid igneous composite apatite deposits.

(1) mantle-derived alkaline ultrabasic heteroapatite deposit

This kind of deposit occurs at the intersection of two groups of large structures in platform area, and the original magma forms multi-stage intrusive complex through deep local interaction. In the process of magma differentiation, apatite and magnetite formed a high-grade and large-scale magnetite deposit. Fanshan magnetite apatite deposit is a typical example and the only large-scale easy-to-select low-grade alkaline apatite deposit in China.

(2) Mantle-derived apatite deposits containing vanadium, titanium and iron-based ultrabasic rocks.

This kind of deposit is mainly distributed in the large fault zone of platform or shield area, and the shape of rock mass is irregular. The enrichment degree of apatite in rock mass is not high, mostly ore bodies, and the content of P2O5 is generally below 5%, mostly 2% ~ 4%. Even if some areas are slightly enriched with apatite due to magmatic differentiation, the scale is small, generally small, and a few can reach medium scale. The remarkable feature of ore-forming parent rocks is that the contents of vanadium, titanium and iron are higher than those of ordinary calc-alkaline rocks, which can often meet the requirements of comprehensive utilization. Useful minerals are apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, vanadium-titanium magnetite and cobalt-bearing pyrite. The discovered deposits include Luoguozigou deposit in Hebei, Maying and Heishan apatite deposits.

(3) Reduction of phosphorite in oceanic crust and intermediate-acid igneous rocks.

Its ore-forming parent rock belongs to intermediate-acid magmatic intrusion, and apatite is associated with magnetite deposit. The content of P2O5 in ore is low, generally 1% ~ 3%, and apatite minerals are locally enriched, which can form apatite rocks. These deposits are mostly magnetite apatite deposits, which can be used as comprehensive mineral resources. Nanjing Meishan Iron Mine is a typical example.

Example 3: Fanshan magnetite apatite deposit, Hebei Province

Fanshan magnetite apatite deposit, located near Fanshan Town, Zhuolu County, Hebei Province, is a large mantle-derived alkaline ultrabasic composite apatite deposit. The complex intrudes into the Sinian shallow stratum, which is a concealed central intrusive body. The rock mass is 5 ~ 6 kilometers long and 4 ~ 5 kilometers wide. The complex is annular in plane, and its lithology is eclogite syenite, pyroxene syenite, syenite, pyroxene, phosphorite ore body, rough pyroxene syenite and syenite from outside to inside (Figure 14-3).

The ore bodies with industrial significance are all located in the layered pyroxene zone in the complex, with the east-west length of 17 18 m and the north-south width of1480 m. All ore bodies are inclined to the center with an inclination angle of 25 ~ 40.

Six ore bodies have been proved, among which 1, No.2 and No.3 ore bodies are large in scale and are the main exploration targets of this mine. The II and III ore bodies are the main targets of current development and design. I ore body occurs in the upper medium-fine biotite pyroxenite, II ore body and part III ore body (upper part) occur in the lower medium-coarse biotite pyroxenite, and III lower ore body occurs at the top of syenite biotite pyroxenite. The main ore body is 2200 ~ 2700 m long, with an average thickness of 21~ 35 m, an average extension depth of 410 ~ 640 m and a maximum extension depth of 865 m.

There are three main ore types: biotite apatite, magnetite apatite and pyroxene biotite apatite. The minerals that make up the ore are mainly hypodiopside, biotite, orthoclase, apatite and magnetite, and a small amount of titanium garnet, ilmenite, sphene and pyrite. Apatite (fluorapatite) is the accessory mineral of pyroxenite and the main industrial mineral of the deposit. Magnetite is an associated secondary industrial mineral, which is only rich in magnetite apatite. Apatite rocks have mosaic structure. Magnetite phosphorite has sponge meteorite structure. Minerals are dense, disseminated, flaky, banded and interbedded.

Figure 14-3 Longitudinal Profile of Fanshan Phosphate Mine Area in Hebei Province

(According to Metallurgical Team 5 16, etc. , 1980)

1-loess; 2— Gravel layer; 3— Gravel loam; 4- pyroxenite; 5- biotite pyroxenite; 6— Ore body and serial number; 7- magnetite apatite; 8- ore body; 9-porphyritic syenite pyroxenite (pegmatite-like); 10-rough syenite; 1 1- porphyritic syenite

Chemical composition of ore: W (P2O5) 1 1.87%, W (TFE) 13.0%.

3. Metamorphic phosphorite deposit

Metamorphic phosphate deposits in China mainly refer to deposits in metamorphic rocks in the early and middle Precambrian (including Archean and Proterozoic). There are two genetic types, namely greenstone belt type (Archean phosphate deposit) and sedimentary metamorphic type (Proterozoic phosphate deposit). These four phosphorite horizons are located in Archean Fuping Group, Wutai Group in the lower part of Proterozoic, Hutuo Group in the upper part of Proterozoic and Yushulazi Group in the top of Proterozoic. Whether it is the tectonic background of mineralization, sedimentation and metamorphic structure, or the genesis and geological characteristics of the deposit, it has its own unique characteristics.

(1) Archean phosphorite

Archaean phosphorite deposit refers to phosphorite formed before 2500 Ma, which is produced in the construction of greenstone belt, so it is called greenstone belt deposit.

This kind of phosphate rock is mainly distributed in Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanxi and other provinces. Representative deposits are Zhaobinggou Phosphate Mine in Fengning, Hebei Province, Branwusu Phosphate Mine in Jianping, Liaoning Province and Yexian Phosphate Mine in Shandong Province. This kind of deposit belongs to low-grade easy-to-select apatite ore. Phosphorus-bearing rocks include carbonaceous biotite amphibole, amphibole titanomagnetite phospholimestone, amphibole biotite gneiss, plagioclase amphibole, etc. The mineral composition of the ore mainly includes apatite, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene and magnetite. These minerals account for more than 90% of ore minerals. An important feature of this kind of deposit is that the content of SiO2 _ 2 is low, generally less than 40%, and the content of TiO _ 2 and (FeO +Fe2O3) is high, the former can reach 6.57%, and the latter is above 65,438+05%, with the highest of 26%, belonging to ultramafic and mafic rocks.

(2) Early Proterozoic phosphorite deposits

The early Proterozoic phosphorite deposit refers to the phosphorite deposit formed in Wutai period of 2500~2000 Ma. The deposits are mainly distributed in Jixi, Linkou, Qing Yu and other places in Heilongjiang Province, and generally constitute small and medium-sized deposits. The ore types mainly include phosphorus-bearing diopside monoclinic gneiss, phosphorite marble, phosphorite diopside, phosphorus-bearing Shi Ying and phosphorite olive marble.

(3) Late Proterozoic phosphorite deposits

The late Proterozoic phosphorite deposit refers to 2000 ~ 1700 m a, that is, the phosphorite deposit formed in Lvliang period, and it is the most important deposit before Sinian. This kind of phosphorite deposits are widely distributed in China and Korea, and the phosphorus-bearing strata are represented by Hutuo Group. The sedimentary characteristics of phosphorus-bearing rock series are quite different from those in the east and north of China-Korea block, in which the eastern margin is deposited by passive continental margin geosyncline, and the metallogenic conditions are good, forming several important industrial deposits. At present, it is mainly found in the eastern part of the Sino-Korean block, such as southern Jilin, eastern Liaodong, northern Jiangsu, eastern Anhui and northeastern Hubei. In addition, it is also distributed in central Inner Mongolia and Shanxi. Phosphorus-bearing rock series is mainly composed of biotite plagioclase gneiss, granulite, greisen schist, dolomite marble and carbonaceous slate.

Example of deposit: Haizhou phosphate mine, Jiangsu Province

Haizhou Phosphate Mine in Jiangsu Province is located in Jinping Mountain, 6 km southwest of Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province. It is a sedimentary metamorphic phosphate mine in the late Precambrian Proterozoic metamorphic rock series. The tectonic position is located in the southern margin of the eastern platform of the Sino-Korean block. The regional strata are mainly Haizhou Group and its underlying Yishan metamorphic rock series.

The phosphorite formation is Jinping Formation of Haizhou Group. Haizhou Group is 7400 m thick and divided into upper and lower rock formations. Jinping Formation is1700m thick and consists of mica quartz schist, graphite mica schist, dolomite marble, phospholimestone, dolomite plagioclase gneiss and granulite. The original rock is a set of sandy argillaceous, carbonate and phosphate deposits; Yuntai Formation is 5700 meters thick and consists of dolomite plagioclase gneiss, biotite plagioclase gneiss, granulite, granulite and quartzite. The protolith is a set of intermediate-acid volcanic sedimentary rocks. The above strata are in mixed metasomatic contact with potash granite (mixed granite), forming a semi-complete dome structure (figure 14-4), and the phosphorus-containing rock series is in direct contact with potash granite or mixed gneiss. The phosphorus-bearing rock series consists of upper and lower layers of phosphorus-bearing metamorphic dolomite and upper and lower layers of dolomite mica. Both appear alternately. The whole rock series is composed of dolomite, quartz and muscovite in different proportions. The relationship between apatite and these rocks shows that although apatite is distributed in all kinds of rocks of phosphorus-bearing rock series with dolomite-quartz-muscovite as the main mineral, it has the following characteristics: the enrichment of apatite mostly occurs in dolomite enrichment area. Namely, the content of apatite in dolomite marble is the highest. On the contrary, apatite is not abundant in quartzite and mica schist, which are extremely rich in muscovite. When the ratio of muscovite-dolomite and muscovite-time is similar, apatite is obviously aggregated; In some rock types with almost equal contents of the above three minerals, apatite also aggregates; Dolomitic mica schist is located between two phosphorus-containing rocks, and there is also a small amount of phosphate rock, but most of it is produced in mica quartz schist. See table 14- 1 1 for the chemical composition of phosphate rock.

Table 14- 1 1 chemical composition of Haizhou phosphate rock

The main ore type is fine-grained apatite, followed by mica apatite and manganese phosphate. Phosphate-containing substances are mainly fluorapatite, often accompanied by calcite, pyrite, rutile, muscovite, carbon and so on.

The ore-bearing zone extends more than 20 kilometers, with a width of 100 ~ 150 meters and a maximum width of 700 meters, and is divided into upper and lower ore-bearing layers. There are 18 ore bodies in the lower seam, and the length of a single ore body is generally from 100 to 1000, with the longest reaching more than 2000 meters. There are six ore bodies in the upper layer. A single ore body is 300~400 meters long and 2 ~ 6 meters thick, with the maximum thickness exceeding 30 meters. The ore bodies are layered and quasi-layered.

Figure 14-4 Geological Map of Phosphate Mine in Haizhou

(According to Zhang Qiusheng et al., 1983)

1-potash feldspar granite (mixed granite); 2- Fine-grained potash granite (mixed gneiss); 3 eyeball gneiss; 4- Phosphorus-bearing rock series; 5- muscovite gneiss

Three. Resource distribution and metallogenic regularity

1. Phosphate rock distribution

China's phosphate rock is widely distributed, relatively concentrated in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan provinces, with a total reserve of117.64 million t, accounting for 77% of the country's total phosphate rock reserves, and almost all the rich ores with P2O5 exceeding 30% are concentrated in these five provinces. Specifically, China's phosphate rocks are mainly distributed in the following eight areas: Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, Kaiyang in Guizhou, Wengfu, Jinhe-Qingping in Sichuan, Mabian in Hubei, Yichang, Ji Hu and Baokang. Figure 14-5 shows the main large and medium-sized phosphate deposits in China.

2. Metallogenic law

Main metallogenic regularity of sedimentary phosphorite: Sinian-Cambrian is the main metallogenic period of marine sedimentary phosphorite deposits in China. The sedimentary phosphorites of Sinian Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation in the Yangtze region are distributed in Guizhou, Hubei and Hunan, namely, the Hunan-Guizhou metallogenic belt, the Shaanxi-Hubei metallogenic belt and the Zhejiang-Guangxi metallogenic belt in the Yangtze phosphorus-forming region. The time limit is (800 50) ma ~ (615 20) m. Doushantuo Formation on Yangtze Platform is the largest phosphate deposit in China, and the phosphate rock of Dengying Formation on it has been found in many areas, but it constitutes an economically valuable phosphate deposit, mainly distributed in Dengjiaya, Nanzhang, Hubei.

The Cambrian strata in China are well developed, and phosphorite was deposited at the bottom of every transgression stratum in the Early Cambrian, among which the large phosphorite in Meishucun Formation is the second largest phosphorite in China after Doushantuo Formation. Phosphate deposits with great economic value are mainly concentrated in Yunnan, Sichuan and Shaanxi, which form a nearly north-south zonal distribution in geography.

Figure 14-5 Distribution Map of Phosphate Rock in China

Metallogenic regularity of metamorphic phosphate deposits: Fengning-type phosphate deposits are Archean deposits, mainly distributed in Archean continental core areas of China-Korea block, namely North China continental core, South Jilin-Korea continental core, Shandong continental core and so on. Among them, there are two metallogenic belts in the north of China-Korea block, the middle and east of inner mongolian axis, and the Shandong Peninsula is the metallogenic belt. Jixi-type phosphate deposit is an early Proterozoic deposit, which is mainly distributed in the geosyncline construction on the edge of micro-ancient land and ancient plate. Haizhou phosphorite deposit is a late Proterozoic deposit, which is mainly distributed in the carbon-manganese rock series and magnesium carbonate rock series in the eastern margin of the Sino-Korean block, and constitutes three metallogenic belts with important industrial significance: Jinan-Liaodong, northern Jiangsu and northeastern Anhui. Baijiashan phosphorite is mainly distributed in the Hutuo-Zhongtiaoshan ancient trough area in the Sino-Korean block, which is a metallogenic area between Ordos and the continental core of North China. Bulong soil-type phosphate rock is mainly distributed in the northern margin of China-Korea block.

The main metallogenic regularity of endogenetic apatite deposits: endogenetic apatite deposits are closely related to mantle-derived magmatism, and the ore-bearing parent rocks are generally mantle-derived magmatic rocks. Such as ultrabasic rock-alkaline-carbonate complex, vanadium-bearing, titanium-bearing, iron-based complex and so on. This kind of magmatic rock is generally high in phosphorus. Due to the selective melting of mantle materials, phosphorus is enriched in mantle-derived magma, and then diapir rises and invades the crust, which is one of the basic conditions for the formation of apatite deposits. The rise of phosphorus-containing mantle-derived magma into the stable crust of platform or shield area may fully differentiate magma to form large magmatic complex, which is an important factor for the production of industrial apatite deposits.

The apatite deposits of mantle-derived alkaline ultrabasic rocks mainly occur at the intersection of two groups of large structures in the platform area. Mantle-derived apatite deposits containing vanadium-titanium iron-based ultrabasic rocks are mainly distributed in the large fault zone of platform or shielding area.