History of Cangnan Jinxiang

History of Cangnan Jinxiang:

Jinxiang Town now belongs to Cangnan County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province.

According to the records of Cangnan County, today's Cangnan was the land of the Ou people of Dongyue in the Spring and Autumn Period.

During the Warring States Period, it belonged to Yue first and then to Chu.

During the Qin Dynasty, it belonged to central Fujian.

From the Han Dynasty to the Jin and Kang Dynasties, it successively belonged to the Minyue Kingdom, the jurisdiction of the Donghai King, and Huipu, Zhang'an, Kangning, Luoyang, Anyang, Angu and other counties.

After the fourth year of Taikang (283), except for a short period of time when it belonged to Angu and Yongjia, it all belonged to Pingyang County.

Pingyang was originally named Shiyang, and later was called Hengyang. It was renamed Pingyang in the fourth year of Liang Qianhua (914).

In the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1387), the city wall was built and the Jinxiang Guard was installed. It was an important coastal defense site in southern Zhejiang and had three jurisdictions: Pumen, Zhuangshi and Shayuan.

The name of Jinxiang town was first seen in Pingyang County Chronicles of Longqing (1567-1572) of the Ming Dynasty.

In the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1661), Jinxiang and other coastal residents moved more than ten miles inland.

In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), the Jinxiang boundary was restored, and the residents moved back.

In the third year of Xuantong (1911), it was renamed Jinzhen Township.

In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), it was called Jinxiang Town.

It belonged to the Fourth District in the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), Jiangnan District in June of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Yishan District in the 29th year of the Republic of China, and Yishan District in the 36th year of the Republic of China (1947). ) belongs to Jiangnan District, and in May 1950 it belonged to Jinxiang District.

In March 1958, it was called the management area. In September of the same year, it was renamed the brigade and belonged to the Jinxiang People's Commune.

In January 1962, it was renamed People's Commune and belonged to Jinxiang District.

In February 1984, Jinxiang Town was established, administering the six townships of Dayu, Shiping, Yanting, Huli, Laocheng and Suburban.

In February 1985, it belonged to Jinxiang District.

In February 1987, it became a town directly under the county, with jurisdiction over three offices in Huli, Old City and Suburban.

In 2005, it governed 4 offices in the urban area, suburbs, old city, and Huli, and 61 administrative villages.

The total number of households in the town is 20,022, with a population of 73,105.

In 2011, Yanting Town, Dayu Town, and Shiping Township were abolished, and their administrative areas were merged into Jinxiang Town.

After adjustment, Jinxiang Town has jurisdiction over 7 residential areas and 79 administrative villages.

Town *** was originally located on Yingxu Road, but was later partially moved to Wuyi Village due to construction reasons.

Jinxiang is close to the sea. In ancient times, this was an ocean.

Later, as the coastline moved outward, it gradually surfaced. The first thing to surface was Yingling (today's Shishan).

In the 17th year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty (1384), a stele discovered during the construction of the city contained the prophecy that "the earth came from the sea", which also accurately and artistically described the vicissitudes of nature.

Jinxiang was called Yingzhou in ancient times. Yingzhou was within the scope of the "Hengyu Shiptun" where Zhou Yu trained the navy during the Three Kingdoms period, and was a "Huipu area".

"Xiaojin Township" emerged in the late Tang Dynasty.

250 years later, in the third year of the reign of Zhao Jianyan (1129), Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jinzhou Township was established and belonged to Pingyang County.

As for why it is called Jinzhou Township, some people say that when Jinzhou Township emerged from the sea, there were sunken shipwrecks with gold and silver jewelry attached; some people think it is because there are Jinzi Mountain and Fuchuan Mountain to the south of Jinzhou Township. Each is named after one word.

From the rise and fall of Yongquan Temple, the stone horses in Huangni'ao, the funerary ornaments of Shi Wengzhong and the cliff carvings in Meiling, we can see that from the late Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, merchants gathered and gradually prospered.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the Jinxiang area belonged to "Luoyang County".

In the 20th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1894), villagers from Jingtou Village, Yunyan Township, were digging a tomb at the foot of the mountain and found "Zhu Man's wife's ground", which was made of stone and had words engraved on it.

"莂" is the ancient term for "contract" and "contract", which is the land deed for Zhu Man to buy the land to bury his deceased wife.

Zhu Man was the Lijie Captain in the fourth year of Xiankang of Jin Dynasty (294). It can be inferred that he was stationed near Jingtou Ben at that time.

Whale Head is only more than 30 miles away from Jinxiang. It can be seen that this area was already inhabited during the Jin Dynasty.

In addition, a survey in June 1997 discovered a group of ancient stone shed tombs in Tongqiao Village, Qianku Town.

Stone shed tombs, also known as dolmen, generally appeared from the late Neolithic to the early Iron Age.

This proves that long before the Shang and Zhou dynasties, ancestors had lived and multiplied in the Jiangnan area, tracing the history of the surrounding areas of Jinxiang back to ancient times for thousands of years.

As for the current Jinxiang City, there is no written record of whether it was hit by sea water or submerged from time to time at that time.

During the reign of Empress Chen of the Zhenming Dynasty (587-589), the "Jin'ao Temple" was built in Lingfeng, the northern suburb of Jinxiang. It is also known as the Wai Temple. It is the earliest temple in Jinxiang with written records; According to county records during the Qianlong period, Lingyun Temple (commonly known as the East Temple) was built in Lingfeng during the Xiantong period of the Tang Dynasty (860-874).

Jinxiang Meifeng Yongquan Temple and "Siguping Nunnery" were built in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079) in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that there were "one thousand monks and eight hundred nuns" in history. "It was famous far and wide during its heyday, but was later burned down during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.

Recently, it has been rebuilt to protect historical relics.

During the relocation of ancient tombs, burned bones were found, which can be used as physical evidence of "burning in one day".

It can be seen that some of the higher-lying areas around Jinxiang were continuously inhabited during the Shang, Zhou, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and were quite prosperous by the Song Dynasty.

The cliff carvings of Ma Xianggong on the Meifeng Ancient Road conclusively prove that many merchants passed by at that time.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, townships and capitals were established below the county level.

From the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Jinzhou Township" has been found in relevant writings such as epigraphic inscriptions and inscriptions. It is affiliated to Pingyang County and is the origin of the name "Jinxiang".

As for why it is called "Jinzhou Township", it is said that when the Jinxiang area emerged from the sea, there were shipwrecks with gold and silver jewelry attached; some people also speculate that there are Jinzi Mountain and Jinzi Mountain to the south of "Jinzhou Township". Fuchuanshan is named after each with a character.

In the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1387), Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, ordered Tang He, the Duke of Xinguo, to build a guard and build a city in Jinzhou Township in order to resist the invasion of Japanese pirates. It was renamed Jinxiang Guard.

In the 18th year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty (1661), the imperial court implemented the policy of "forbidding sea migration". Residents in the Pumen area of ??Jinxiang moved ten miles inland, with yak trees as the boundary. All the coastal houses outside the boundary were burned down, and the residents were all moved from Moved out of bounds to in bounds.

Where they were relocated, mourners were everywhere, and all the benefits of fishing and salt were lost.

In the ninth year of Kangxi (1670), the imperial court ordered the "exhibition of borders", restored Jinxiang and other outlying areas, and called Jinxiang Wei "Jinxiang Village".

Later in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, there was Li Geng's "Picture Notes of Jinzhen".

It can be seen that in the Qing Dynasty, there was no name "Jinxiang Town".

During the Republic of China, the name "Jinxiang Town" began to exist, and it remained basically unchanged until the founding of the People's Republic of China.

In 1981, "Pingyang County" was analyzed and "Cangnan County" was newly established, and Jinxiang Town was affiliated to "Cangnan County".

There are many fishing ports in Jinxiang Town from north to east to south to west, including Bafang, Yanting, Shibang, Dayu and Xiaoyu.

Eel fry, prawns, anchovies, crickets, croakers, swimming crabs, etc. are all available, and even the most valuable yellow-lipped fish (commonly known as yellow-lip fish) sometimes appears in the wet market (it is now extremely popular). rare).

There are also fresh and delicious seafood on the tidal flats such as razor clams, clams, jumping fish, rock milk, and yellow mud snails.

Common sayings such as "cooked jumping fish and dried vegetables" and "clear water crickets crawling in the vegetable basket" are true reflections of the abundance of seafood.

Jinxiang is a famous historical city that fought against the Japanese.

Although the anti-Japanese war broke out during the Jiajing period in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, its representative figure was Qi Jiguang.

The prologue is in the Hongwu period in the early Ming Dynasty, and its representative figure is Tang He.

Tang He preceded Qi Jiguang by more than 160 years.

The anti-Japanese war was a long-term war that lasted for centuries and was a major event that cannot be ignored in the history of our country.

From the fourteenth century to the seventeenth century, samurai who failed in Japan's domestic melee became pirates. With the support of some feudal lords and temple landlords, they colluded with our country's local tyrants, gangsters, and pirates, and frequently Smuggling and robbery have become a major scourge for the people along our coast.

Judging from historical records, there are records of Japanese pirate invasions as early as the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. In the three or four years after the 31st year of Jiajing, dozens of soldiers and civilians in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were killed. Thousands of people.

Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Fujian were the hardest hit in coastal areas, with Shandong and Guangdong also being affected.

Faced with the invasion of Japanese pirates, the soldiers and civilians along the coast rose up to resist the Japanese, performed scenes of mighty and tragic dramas, and finally won the final victory.

In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, there were two completely different attitudes among the upper-class figures in the court towards the invasion of foreign enemies.

One is resolutely resisting out of national justice, such as Tang He.

The other type attempts to use external hostile forces to serve their own selfish interests and political intrigues. The then left prime minister Hu Weiyong is an example.

Hu Weiyong's shameful act of luring the wolf into the house further highlights Tang He's awe-inspiring righteousness in resisting the Japanese.

The Jinxiang Acropolis designed and built under the supervision of Xin Guogong Tanghe has two major characteristics: first, it is military and defensive; second, it is based on the "Bagua Universe layout" built by Liu Ji in the Forbidden City in Nanjing.

Zhu Hongwu’s policy for establishing the country after the founding of the People’s Republic of China was Zhu Sheng’s nine-character strategic national policy of “building walls high, accumulating grain widely, and slowly becoming king”. It was also Zhu Yuanzhang’s order for Tang He to “border the sea and set up defenses”, setting up fifty military units along the coast of Zhejiang. The historical background of the Nine Guards.

The layout of the Forbidden City in Nanjing is exactly the same as that of Jinxiang, which is the layout of Liu Ji's Bagua City.

Nanjing has "Xuanwu Gate" and "Xuanwu Lake", which are named after the "Qinglong, Suzaku, White Tiger, Xuanwu" in Bagua.

Therefore, the "Jutian River" in Jinxiang has been transformed into a pond. It implies fire protection and also follows the purpose of Jinxiang being the Bagua City.

It has been more than 600 years since the ancient town of Jinxiang was established as a city and defended in the 20th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1387).

After the turmoil of the times, the Acropolis once became a wilderness during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.

During the post-Kangxi period, the "Zhanjie" was rebuilt, and the main building was gradually restored.

In the seventeenth year of Hongwu (1384), Emperor Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty ordered Xin Guogong Tang He to build a guard and build a city in Jinzhou Township, which was renamed Jinxiang Guard.

The Jinxiang Guards of the Ming Dynasty commanded all Shuiluguan Village in Pingyang County, from Pumen and Zhuangshi Qianhusuo in the south to Shayuan (now Ruian) and Ningcun (now Ouhai) in the north. , Haian (now part of Yueqing) Qianhu Office.

Jinxiang Guards has eleven villages and fifteen forts.

The eleven villages are: Miaohou Village, Yumen Village, Bafu Village, Dayao Village, Yanting Village, Dawo Village, Xiaowo Village, Shitang Village, Shiping Village, Dayu Village Village, small fishing village.

The fifteen forts are: Bantang fort, Jianshan fort, Baiqi fort, Maji fort, Fenghuang fort, Heritou fort, Shangyang fort, Biwan fort, Donggang fort, Lingmen fort, Dongshan堠, Mengwan 堠, Lantou 堠, Bayongshan 堠 and Dianshan 堠.

There are many piers under the boundary.

For example, the existing ancient Yandun Mountain in Dayudun Mountain is located on the top of Dunshan Mountain in Xiao'ao Village, Dayu Town. It is about 250 meters above sea level. It was an anti-Japanese alarm facility in the Ming Dynasty. It covers an area of ??100 square meters and is about 100 meters high. 7 meters high, with a view of the sea and sky, it is quite spectacular.

It is now basically intact and is a precious object of the Ming Dynasty’s anti-Japanese struggle.

In 1988, it was listed as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Cangnan County.

The perimeter of Jinxiang Wei City Wall is 9 miles and 30 steps, totaling more than 1,420 feet. The wall height is 1.9 feet, the toe is 2 feet thick, there are 1,650 battlements, and 43 huts.

There are four city gates, Yingxu Gate in the east, Jinghai Gate in the south, Laishang Gate in the west, and Wangjing Gate in the north.

Each has a tower.

There were originally four water gates, but now two remain.

The city structure is made of irregular stone barriers, with loess and gravel packed inside.

Due to historical changes, today only part of the city base, the north and west city gates, the south and west water gates and Kuixing Pavilion above the west water gate remain.

There is a complete moat of 30 to 50 meters wide outside the city wall.

The small river in the city is connected to the moat through the water gate.

There is a suspension bridge over the moat.

In front of the inner guard hall of the Acropolis, there are Guangji Dacang and Xiaocang, totaling more than 20 rooms, which are used to collect and disburse the guard's salary.

The Wei Hall is located on Wei Mountain (i.e. Lion Mountain) and has a lookout, which overlooks Haiphong and is close to the warehouse.

There is also a land temple in front of and behind the warehouse, which means that the father-in-law of the land will protect the warehousing events and ensure safety.

From the beginning of Jinzhou Township to the construction of Jinxiang Guards, it has a history of hundreds of years.

The construction and defense of the city has a history of more than 600 years.

By moving the boundary ten miles away, "all the benefits of fishing and salt are lost", which has a great destructive effect on economic development.

After the "Exhibition of the World" in the ninth year of Kangxi's reign, the people of Jinxiang gradually restored their livelihoods and were mainly engaged in agriculture, commerce, handicrafts and fishery.

In terms of agriculture, natural disasters in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, such as strong winds and rains, or floods and sea overflows, caused people's struggle against nature to focus on building embankments and steep gates.

In the eighth year of Xiaochunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1181), Lin Zhongyi, the 22nd capital of Jinzhou Township, Xiakou, presided over the construction of the "Wuyu Steep Gate". This is the earliest steep gate that can be tested, and it is located in the northeast of Lingfeng. , the foothills of Wuyu Mountain south of Ma'anshan.

There is also an inscription engraved on the rocks of Wuyu Mountain: "The mausoleum valley changes, and the sea changes; people use their intelligence to return to their heaven.

The river is the abyss, and the river is the river; It nourishes the people and lasts for thousands of years." Twenty-seven years later, the county magistrate Wang Jiliang and Lin Juya, the son of Lin Zhongyi, built the famous Yinjun Doumen, which had a far-reaching influence.

In order to commemorate them, the local people built the "Yinyun Temple" and erected a statue of Wang Jiliang to worship them.

Lin Juya inherited his father's wish and sacrificed his home to build embankments to prevent salt tide and waterlogging, creating good conditions for farming and laying the foundation for the agricultural development in the Jiangnan region.

In the more than 600 years of history after the city wall was built, Jinxiang was a town based on agriculture for a long time, with "workers, farmers, merchants, students, and soldiers" all present.

The original fertile fields of the farmers in the city are all around the outside of the city. However, due to the large number of people and the lack of land, many residents in the city are engaged in other industries in addition to farming.