Does anyone know the specific classification of each industry? Thanks

New Classification of China's Industries 2008/06/22 12:45 P.M. "Fortune China" has made a new classification of China's industries based on the industry definitions and industry evolution rules of developed countries:

1. Institutional organizations: government agencies, administrative agencies of various countries in China, trading companies, economic organizations, associations, other institutions

2. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery: Agriculture: grains, beans, vegetables and products, fruits and Products, nuts, mixed fruits, dried fruits, coffee, cocoa and products, cotton, hemp, oily kernels, nuts, seeds, edible fungi, tobacco, flowers and trees, bamboo, rattan and reed, hay, charcoal, plant extracts , animal extracts, animal and vegetable oils, animal and plant seedlings, poultry, livestock, farmed animals, cocoons, silk, feathers, down, cashmere, rawhide, fur, animal bristles, casings, eggs, feed, feed additives, fertilizers, Pesticides, gardening tools, agricultural supplies, agricultural machinery, forestry equipment and tools, animal husbandry equipment and tools, fishery equipment and tools, grain and oil processing machinery, feed processing machinery, slaughtering and primary meat processing equipment, agricultural and sideline products processing, wood processing , furniture manufacturing machinery, others

3. Medicine and health: health care products, weight loss and weight gain products, personal care, medicinal materials, traditional Chinese medicine pieces, rehabilitation products, pharmaceutical equipment, medical device manufacturing equipment, family planning supplies, others< /p>

4. Construction and building materials: real estate, municipal projects: municipal road construction, municipal public facilities construction, tap water delivery projects, central heating, heat supply, gas supply projects, cultural, educational, sanitation, sports, music and other public welfare facilities Construction, construction of monumental building facilities, various construction projects, wood panels, stone materials, cement and products, lime, gypsum, concrete and products, architectural glass, ceramics, enamel and products, plastic building materials, metal building materials, waterproof and moisture-proof materials , fire-resistant, fire-proof materials, heat insulation, sound-absorbing materials, insulation materials, special building materials, construction materials, bricks, tiles and blocks, wall materials, ceilings, floors, doors and windows, wallpapers, locks, building decoration hardware, pipe fittings and pipes, Kitchen facilities, bathroom facilities, coatings, adhesives, work protection, mobile homes, stacking and handling machinery, construction and related equipment, ceramics, woodworking machinery and equipment, enamel production and processing machinery, engineering contracting, construction decoration design, others

5. Metallurgical minerals: metallic minerals, nonferrous metals, nonferrous metal products, nonferrous metal alloys, nonferrous metal alloy products, rare earths and rare earth products, ferrous metals and products, ferroalloys and products, steel and products, castings and forgings, metal wires Net, powder metallurgy, magnetic materials, scrap metal, non-metallic minerals, non-metallic mineral products, graphite and carbon products, mining equipment, metallurgical equipment, metal wires, tube and plate manufacturing equipment, smelting and processing, others

< p> 6. Petrochemical industry: 1. Petroleum and products, coal mines, natural gas, gas mining equipment, other petroleum special machinery and equipment 2. Chemical industry: inorganic chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, resins, other polymers, chemical fibers, food additives, Feed additives, chemical reagents, catalysts and chemical additives, daily chemicals, spices, flavors, dyes, pigments, coatings, adhesives, pyrotechnic products, inks, plastics and products, rubber and products, glass and products, laboratory supplies , instruments, meters, plastic production and processing machinery, rubber production and processing machinery, glass production and processing machinery, chemical equipment, chemical waste, chemical product design and processing, others

7. Water conservancy and hydropower: water conservancy, thermal power generation equipment, Water conservancy, flood control projects and supplies, river dredging projects, dams, reservoirs, gates, flood relief projects, farmland water conservancy projects, river and lake management projects, power projects, electricity, solar energy and renewable energy, other water conservancy and hydropower equipment, other water conservancy and hydropower Facilities

8. Transportation:

1. Tires, cars: cars, off-road vehicles, jeeps, trucks, passenger cars, travel vans, buses, mini Passenger cars, other passenger cars, special cars, engineering cars, tool cars, fire trucks, police cars, ambulances, communication and broadcasting cars, pickup trucks, sprinkler trucks, road sweepers, garbage trucks, other special cars, trams, auto parts , motorcycles and accessories, special vehicles, second-hand automobiles and motorcycles, automobile and motorcycle accessories and related products, parking lots, gas station equipment, car maintenance, traffic safety, automobile and motorcycle product manufacturing equipment, ships, aircraft, other means of transportation, others; < /p>

2. Bicycles, tricycles and accessories, railway and subway equipment, ships and accessories, elevators,

Cable cars and accessories, aircraft and accessories, containers, second-hand transportation products and equipment, tires, exhaust gas treatment facilities, traffic safety facilities, transportation, warehousing, others 2. Airports, aviation engineering, port engineering, railway engineering, highways, bridges, culverts.

9. Information industry:

1. Computers and software: computers, consumables, cards, host accessories, computer peripherals, chassis, UPS and power supplies, network equipment, Accessories, computers, electronic notebooks, laptops, servers, workstations, second-hand computers and supplies

2. Software: network engineering, computer-related supplies, computer product manufacturing equipment, software development, others

3. Communication products, communication product accessories, lithium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, magnetic cards, IP cards, IC cards, caller ID, dialers, chargers, antennas, control and adjustment equipment, telephones, video phones , mobile phones, group phones, switches, fax machines, pagers, walkie-talkies, network communication products, communications, audio systems, GPS systems, communication cable related products, radar and wireless navigation, radio and television, telecommunications equipment, communication product manufacturing equipment, system engineering , Network engineering, others

10. Mechanical and electrical:

1. Machinery and industrial products: instruments, meters, industry-specific machinery and equipment, abrasives, abrasives, general parts, Welding and cutting equipment and materials

2. Tools: hardware tools, pneumatic tools, electric tools, reducers, transmissions, pumps and vacuum equipment, hydraulic machinery and components, fans, exhaust equipment, compression, Separation equipment, other industrial control equipment and accessories, heat exchange, refrigeration and air conditioning equipment, generators, generator sets, internal combustion engines, energy-saving devices, wires and cables, mechanical design and processing, home appliance manufacturing equipment, measuring instruments, others

11. Light industrial food: beverages, alcohol, tea and products, coffee, cocoa and products, aquatic products and products, poultry meat and products, canned food, quick-frozen food, convenience food, snack food, soy products, egg products , honey products, dairy products, sugars, starches, edible oils, condiments, cakes and breads, noodles, vermicelli, cigarettes, food additives, food and beverage processing equipment, food and beverage raw materials, others

12. Clothing and textile:

1. Clothing, clothing accessories, hats, ties, scarves, headscarves, gloves, socks, shoes and shoe materials, knitted clothing, woven clothing, brand clothing, men's clothing, women's clothing, baby clothing , children's clothing, underwear, pajamas, bathrobes, T-shirts, shirts, sweaters, suits, jackets, outerwear, coats, coats, windbreakers, pants, casual clothing, sportswear, ethnic clothing, wedding dresses, formal wear, work clothes, uniforms, special clothing , denim clothing, silk clothing, leather, fur clothing, wool, cashmere sweaters, down clothing, cold-proof clothing,

2. Clothing processing equipment, ironing and washing equipment, shoe processing and repair equipment, clothing, shoes and hats Design and processing, leather processing machinery, textile equipment and equipment, textile waste, leather waste, textile design and processing, leather and product design and processing, others

3. Textile: leather, textile, leather raw materials, yarn, Thread, textile accessories, cotton fabric, linen fabric, silk fabric, wool fabric, chemical fiber fabric, blended fabric, gray fabric, yarn-dyed, tie-dye, printed fabric, knitted fabric, industrial fabric, non-woven fabric, fabric, 4. Drawn yarn and other craft textiles, carpets, towels, bath towels, bedding, home textiles, leather and artificial leather, leather products, others

13. Professional services: self-adhesive products, advertising materials, printed publications , audiovisual products and electronic books, radio, television programs, typesetting, platemaking equipment, printing equipment, second-hand printing equipment, printing and publishing services, media and communication, professional consulting, project supervision, engineering design, information technology, information management software development and design, Maintenance, insurance, leasing, conferences, training, property management, others

14. Security protection: locks, safes, doorbells, video doorbells, anti-theft facilities, alarm devices, surveillance, monitoring equipment, lightning protection Products, bulletproof equipment, anti-riot equipment, self-defense equipment, military supplies, life-saving equipment, fire-fighting equipment, operational protection equipment, traffic safety, sports protective gear, security equipment, police equipment, and emergency services, others

15. Environmental protection and greening: scrap metal processing facilities, textile waste processing facilities, leather waste and processing facilities, chemical waste and processing facilities, waste gas treatment facilities, water and sewage treatment facilities, waste recycling and reuse, noise reduction equipment, public facilities *Environmental sanitation facilities, public sanitation machinery, landscaping supplies and machinery, landscaping projects, garbage disposal, barren hill greening, natural forest protection, sand prevention and other projects and facilities, others

16. Tourism Leisure: travel supplies, hotel supplies, pets

Objects and supplies, souvenirs, poker, chess, musical instruments, fishing, fitness, entertainment facilities, travel services, others

17. Office culture and education: books and materials, optical and photographic equipment, consumables, stationery, computing office paper, books, notebooks, albums, envelopes, file folders, floppy disks, toner cartridges, ink cartridges, toner, ribbons, teaching models, tools, teaching facilities, laboratory supplies, telephones, video phones, group phones, Fax machines, copiers, printers, typewriters, projectors, paper shredders, attendance machines, plotters, photo printers, video conferencing systems, literary and art equipment, stage lighting and audio equipment, photographic equipment, video equipment, special materials and supplies for the art department, Others

18. Electronics and electricians: magnetic materials, semiconductor materials, insulating materials, electrical ceramic materials, electronic components and assemblies, batteries, lighting and lamps, plugs, sockets, chargers, motors, power tools , Optoelectronics, laser instruments

Instruments, meters, optical instruments and accessories, wires and cables, power distribution devices, switch cabinets, lighting boxes, power transmission equipment and materials, display equipment, electric heating equipment, industrial automation equipment, earthquakes Equipment, antennas, radars and wireless navigation, radio and television, telecommunications equipment, electronic and electrical product manufacturing equipment, electronic and electrical product design and processing, others

19. Toys and gifts: wooden toys, plastic toys, stuffing, plush Toys, electronic toys, electric toys, toy beads, balls, dolls, toy cars, toy guns, model toys, educational toys, strollers and accessories, toy accessories, design and processing of industrial gifts and toys, other drawn yarn and other craft textiles, wood Crafts, plant weaving crafts, stone crafts, gemstone and jade crafts, ceramic crafts, metal crafts, glass crafts, crystal crafts, plastic crafts, resin crafts, clay sculpture crafts, paper crafts, natural crafts, needle hook and knitting crafts, carving crafts , antique crafts, bionic crafts, religious crafts, folk crafts, sculptures, calligraphy and paintings, antiques and collectibles, jewelry, gold and silverware, fashion accessories, lighters, smoking sets, clocks, photo frames, picture frames, candles and candlesticks, incense and Incense burners, decorative boxes, key chains, chains, bonsai, toys, craft gifts, souvenirs, advertising gifts, holiday supplies, funeral supplies, industrial gifts, toy design and processing, others

Twenty, household items : Home appliances, home computers, home air conditioners, home TVs, water purifiers, water dispensers, juicers, blenders, coffee machines, soymilk machines, electric kettles, electric cups, electric woks, rice cookers, microwave ovens, dishwashers , disinfection cabinet, range hood, refrigerator, freezer, humidity regulator, air purifier, heating appliance, water heater, hair dryer, vacuum cleaner, electric fan, exhaust fan, electric iron, washing machine, drying equipment, hand dryer, soap dispenser Liquid machines, oxygen machines, electric insect repellers, audio-visual equipment, remote controls, others

Household paper products, household plastic products, household glass products, household ceramics, enamel products, household metal products, fashion accessories, Jewelry, gold and silverware, lighters, smoking sets, clocks, photo frames, picture frames, incense and incense burners, personal care, daily chemicals, tableware, cooking utensils and kitchen utensils, thermal insulation containers, kitchen facilities, bathroom facilities, cleaning utensils, gardening Appliances, furniture, strollers and accessories, boxes, bags, bags, umbrellas, rain gear, sun umbrellas, knives, scissors, brushes, sewing and knitting, baby products, timers, pets and supplies, doorbells, video doorbells, lighting and lamps, Others

21. Special materials: disaster relief materials, flood control materials, drought relief materials, special agricultural materials, reserve materials (including grain), fuel, boilers, heating equipment, funeral and cremation equipment, others Supplies; labor protection supplies, veterinary supplies, other specialized supplies

22. Packaging supplies: pulp, cultural paper, packaging paper, household paper products, wallpaper, waste paper, paper for other purposes, Labels, signs, tapes, rigging, pallets, packaging materials, paper packaging supplies, wooden packaging supplies, hemp packaging supplies, plastic packaging supplies, glass packaging supplies, metal packaging supplies, paper making equipment, paper processing machinery, packaging Related equipment, packaging design and processing, others

23. Sporting goods: sports equipment, special materials for stadiums, stadium construction projects, rehabilitation equipment, competition clothing, sports facilities, other sporting goods

24. Office furniture: office wood products, office furniture made of other materials, hospital furniture such as hospital beds, theater and cinema tables and chairs, laboratory furniture, desks, chairs, safes, filing cabinets, compact racks, Other office furniture.

Occupational classification and characteristics

Social division of labor is the basis for occupational classification. In every link of the division of labor system, the objects of labor, the tools of labor, and the forms of labor expenditures have their own particularities. This particularity determines the differences between various occupations.

1. Occupational classification

Countries around the world have different national conditions and their standards for classifying occupations are different.

1. According to the theories put forward by some scholars in Western countries, occupations are generally divided into three types abroad:

(1) According to the nature and level of mental labor and physical labor Classify. This classification method divides workers into two categories: white-collar workers and blue-collar workers. White-collar workers include: professional and technical jobs, off-farm managers and administrators, salespeople, and office workers. Blue-collar workers include: craft and similar workers, non-transportation mechanics, transportation machinery workers, off-farm workers, and service industry workers. This classification method clearly shows the hierarchical nature of occupations.

(2) Classify according to individual psychological differences. This classification method is based on the "personality-career" type matching theory created by Holland, a famous American career guidance expert, which divides personality types into six types, namely realistic, research, artistic, social, entrepreneurial and conventional. type. Corresponding to it are six career types.

(3) Classify according to the main responsibilities or "work performed" of each occupation. This classification method is relatively common, with two representative examples. One is the International Standard Classification of Occupations. The International Standard Occupational Classification divides occupations into four levels from rough to subdivided, namely 8 major categories, 83 sub-categories, 284 detailed categories, and 1506 occupational items, with a total of 1881 occupations listed. The eight major categories are: ①experts, technicians and related workers; ②government officials and enterprise managers; ③affair workers and related workers; ④sales workers; ⑤service workers; ⑥agriculture, animal husbandry, and forestry Workers, fishermen, and hunters; ⑦ Production and related workers, transportation equipment operators and laborers; ⑧ Workers who cannot be classified by occupation. This classification method facilitates the comparability and international exchange of international occupational statistics. The second is the classification of Canada's "Occupational Position Classification Dictionary". It divides occupations belonging to major industries in the national economy into 23 main categories, and the main categories are divided into 81 sub-categories, 489 sub-categories, and more than 7,200 occupations. This classification has a definition for each occupation, and explains one by one the content of each occupation and the requirements for employees in terms of general education, vocational training, aptitude, interests, personality and physical fitness, etc., which has great reference value.

2. my country’s occupational classification, based on the standard classifications published by different departments in my country, mainly has two types:

(1) Type 1: According to the National Bureau of Statistics and the State Administration of Standards , the State Council Census Office announced in March 1982 the "Occupational Classification Standards" for use in the third national census. The "Standards" are classified based on the identity of the nature of the work performed by the employed population, and the occupations nationwide are divided into three levels: large category, medium category, and small category, namely 8 major categories, 64 medium categories, and 301 small categories. . The order of its eight major categories is: first, various professional and technical personnel; second, heads of state agencies, party and mass organizations, enterprises and institutions; third, office staff and related personnel; fourth, commercial Workers; fifth, service workers; sixth, workers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; seventh, workers in production work, transportation work and some manual workers; eighth, other workers who are inconvenient to classify. Among the eight categories, the first and second categories are mainly mental workers, the third category includes some mental workers and some manual workers, and the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh categories are mainly manual workers. The eighth category is other workers who are inconvenient to classify.

(2) The second type: the National Economic Industry Classification and Code approved by the National Development Planning Commission, the National Economic Commission, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the National Bureau of Standards, issued in 1984, and implemented in 1985 》. This standard mainly classifies the national economic industries into categories, major categories, Level four for medium and small categories.

There are 13 categories: ① Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy; ② Industry; ③ Geological survey and exploration industry; ④ Construction industry; ⑤ Transportation industry, post and telecommunications industry; ⑥ Commerce, public catering industry , material supply and warehousing industry; ⑦ real estate management, public utilities, resident services and consulting services industry; ⑧ health, sports and social welfare industries; ⑨ education, culture and art and radio and television industry; ⑩ scientific research and comprehensive technical services industry; 11 Finance and insurance industry; 12 state agencies, party and government agencies and social groups; 13 other industries. These two classification methods are in line with our country's national conditions, concise, practical, and in line with our country's current occupational status.

According to different standards of occupations, there can be different classification methods. For example: in terms of industry, it can be divided into primary, secondary and tertiary industries; in terms of work characteristics, it can be divided into pragmatic (work using machines, tools and equipment), social services, culture and education, scientific research, art and creativity, computing And more than 10 types of occupations such as mathematics (money management, statistics), natural science occupations, management, and general service occupations. Each classification method has a clear explanation of the specificity of its occupation, which helps us better grasp the characteristics of a certain occupation and help us choose an occupation that suits us.

2. Basic characteristics of occupations

Based on the development history of occupations and their impact on the development of human society, occupations have the following characteristics.

1. Industriality. A country and a society can be divided into three types of industries in terms of broad aspects. The primary industry and the secondary industry are both material production sectors. Although the tertiary industry does not produce material wealth, it is an indispensable sector for social material production and people's lives. In a traditional agricultural society, the agricultural population accounts for the largest proportion; in an industrialized society, the number of occupations and employed population in the work field has increased significantly; in a society with highly developed science and technology and rapid economic development, the number of occupations and employed population in the tertiary industry has increased significantly.

2. Industry. Industry is divided according to the goods produced by the production unit or the people who provide services. It is classified according to the identity of the nature of production or other social and economic activities engaged in by enterprises, institutions, government agencies and individual practitioners. Within an occupation in a certain industry, the working conditions, work objects, production tools, and operation content are the same or similar. Due to the same environment, people will form the same behavior pattern, have the same language habits and moral norms. There are great differences between different occupations, such as working conditions, work objects, and nature of work. With the progress and development of society, new professions (such as brokers, etc.) will continue to emerge, and the differences between various professions will also continue to change.

3. Positionality. The so-called position is a collection of certain powers and corresponding responsibilities. Authority and responsibility are the two basic elements of a position. They have the same authority and the same responsibilities, which means they are in the same position. Each occupation in the occupational classification contains the characteristics of the position. From the perspective of social needs, there is no distinction between high and low occupations. However, in real life, due to different quality requirements for occupations and different people's views on occupations or public opinion evaluations, occupations are divided into levels. This kind of Different levels of occupation are often determined by factors such as physical and mental effort, income level, severity of work tasks, social prestige, and power status of different occupations.

4. Group nature. No matter what basis is used to classify occupations, they all have group characteristics. For example, scientific researchers include philosophy, sociology, economics, science, engineering, medicine, etc., and consulting services include technology consulting workers, psychological consulting workers, career consulting workers, etc.

5. Space-time. With the development and progress of society, occupations are changing rapidly. In addition to abandoning the old and updating, the activities and methods of the same occupation will also change. Therefore, the division of occupations has obvious characteristics of the times, and there are different popular occupations in different eras. The "soldier fever" and "politics fever" that once appeared in our country later developed into the "sea fever" and "foreign enterprise fever", etc., which all reflect people's enthusiasm for a certain occupation in a specific period.