What are the state-owned economy and collective economy in China?

Public ownership economy includes not only state-owned economy and collective economy, but also state-owned and collective components in mixed ownership economy. The dominant position of public ownership is mainly reflected in the following aspects: public assets occupy a dominant position in the total social assets; The state-owned economy controls the lifeline of the national economy and plays a leading role in economic development. As far as the whole country is concerned, some places and some industries can be different. Public assets are dominant, so we should have quantitative advantages and pay more attention to quality improvement. The state-owned economy plays a leading role, mainly reflected in its control. As long as public ownership is the mainstay, the state controls the lifeline of the national economy, and the control and competitiveness of the state-owned economy will be enhanced. Under this premise, the proportion of state-owned economy will be reduced, but it will not affect the socialist nature of our country.

The financial final accounts data of enterprises recently released by the Ministry of Finance show that in 2007, although the number of state-owned enterprises decreased, their benefits increased significantly. By the end of 2007, there were112,000 state-owned enterprises nationwide, a net decrease of 4 153 households or 3.8% over the previous year. The total assets of state-owned enterprises (consolidated) reached 34.7 trillion yuan, an increase of 25.2%.

In 2007, the ownership structure of the top 500 Chinese enterprises changed little, and the state-owned economy continued to occupy a dominant position in the national economy. Of the 100 private enterprises and private holding enterprises that have entered the top 500 Chinese enterprises, only 6 are Gome, Huawei Technologies and Suning Appliance. There are only 13 private and privately-held enterprises in the top 200.

Data show that among the top 500 Chinese enterprises in 2007, there were 349 state-owned and state-controlled enterprises, accounting for 69.8% of all enterprises; There were 89 private enterprises and private enterprises, two more than the previous year, accounting for 17.8% of the total number of enterprises, and the total operating income was10.40 trillion yuan, accounting for 8% of all enterprises.

Since the reform and opening up, a large number of new collective enterprises like Haier Group have emerged in China. Among them, there are chunlan shares, Dongbao Pharmaceutical, Sanlu Dairy, Baoshuo Group and other listed companies developed through collective restructuring, as well as large-scale collective enterprises controlled by employees such as Shanghai Huasheng Chemical and Shanghai New Federation of Trade Unions.

According to the results of the first national economic census, the paid-in capital of investors of various ownership in the secondary and tertiary industrial enterprises as legal persons is as follows:

Ownership 2001increase or decrease in 2004

Trillion% Trillion% Trillion percentage points

State capital 7.5 54.4 8.7 48.1+1.2-6.3

Collective capital1.51.31.4 7.9-0.1-3.4

Public capital 9.0 65.710.156.0+1-9.7

Take traditional collective enterprises as an example. Since the reform, the number of enterprises has decreased by 48%, and diversified investment enterprises have developed rapidly. Compared with 1996, the average annual growth rate is 70%. According to statistics in 2000, more than 100 collective enterprises at or above the county level have been transformed into joint-stock cooperative systems and limited liability companies, accounting for 78% of the total number of enterprises, and some have formed enterprise groups.

Reform and reorganization have promoted the new development of the collective economy. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that in 2000, compared with 1998, the number of collectives above designated size decreased significantly, while the average assets of multi-family enterprises increased from18.67 million yuan to 26.82 million yuan, an increase of 43.7%. The development of enterprises has accelerated. In 2002, the total industrial output value of collective enterprises above designated size reached136.44 billion yuan, accounting for 12.4% of the total national output value, and the economic benefits of enterprises have been greatly improved.

The so-called "mixed ownership economy" refers to a new property rights allocation structure and economic form formed by multiple investments, mutual penetration, mutual penetration and mutual integration of different property rights subjects in the same economic organization. It is aimed at the disadvantages of the traditional ownership structure and the problems existing in the transition, and is put forward to adapt to the establishment of a sound socialist market economic system.

Nanjing Tiantian Group is a private high-tech enterprise established in August, 1992. Mainly engaged in integrated circuit design, information communication, multimedia information, power automation and other fields of product development, production and sales, is the national torch plan key high-tech enterprises. In May 2000, Sweet Group invested in the acquisition of "One Steel Profile", which became a zero breakthrough for foreign private enterprises to control the state-owned listed companies in Shanghai. In February 2002, Sweet acquired "China Textile Machinery" and once again participated in the reorganization of state-owned listed companies in Shanghai. June 5438+October 2003 10, Tiantian once again acquired a large state-owned listed company-"Jiangsu Little Swan". In recent years, Sweet Group has also developed rapidly by participating in the asset reorganization of state-owned enterprises and the practice of mixed ownership reform. In 2003, the operating income was 654.38+08.04 billion yuan, and the tax payment was 220 million yuan, both of which were significantly higher than the previous year.