Current status of the mine

1. Mine investment scale is small and mining capacity is low

Mining investment entities do not have enough understanding of the scale of investment in stone mines and do not have the investment awareness of large-scale mines. This is reflected in the lack of long-term plans for mine construction. , the geological work is blank, the mining plan is unclear, the mining methods are backward, the mining equipment and lifting equipment are crude, the annual mining volume is only a few hundred cubic meters, at most thousands of cubic meters, there is no plan at all for mining and production, let alone scale production.

There is no threshold limit on the scale of investment in the stone mining industry, resulting in the proliferation of small mines across the country. Small-scale mines are often numerous and dotted in a major stone-producing area. Large ore bodies are divided into small ore bodies. Complete stone deposits are divided into pieces, and the mining is riddled with holes. The destruction and waste of resources are very serious. serious.

Because the area of ??mining activities is too small (the smallest is a few hundred square meters), adjacent mines interact with each other, resulting in frequent conflicts between mining companies, casualties and accidents occur from time to time, which increases the complexity of mining. Management difficulty.

2. Insufficient attention to technology

Prior to this, because there was no technical threshold for stone mining in China, the types of formation and geological structures of stone deposits were diverse, and the main investment entities of mining companies were Most of them are individuals or private enterprises who are unwilling to spend money on geological exploration and mining design. They subjectively believe that stone mining is just blasting rocks without higher technical content. They underestimate the importance of science and technology in quarrying activities. As a result, we are at a loss when we encounter practical problems during the mining process.

Although this type of mine is larger than the previous one in terms of capital investment, there is a lack of uniformity in terms of the overall mining plan of the mine, the determination of the mining power method, and the reasonable purchase of mining equipment. The guiding ideology lacks scientific basis.

There are many mines with investment scales of more than 10 million yuan, or even tens of millions. Due to unclear geological conditions, unclear origin and occurrence conditions of ore bodies, lack of reasonable economic and technical evaluation of mines, and lack of mining design plans, mine investment is highly blind and involves great risks. There is no clear design plan for the determination of the first mining area, the layout of the mining face, stripping and slag discharge, transportation and stacking sites, and the entire mining area appears very messy. Due to the uncertainty of the first mining area, the mining production is very blind, and the thickness of the fracture zone and weathered layer is not even clear. Once the mining progresses to the depth expected in the mind, the complete ore body or the expected mining will not be seen. When there is waste material, the mind will be shaken, and the work will even stop at this mining surface, and then find another place to start all over again. Shooting one shot at another place, always staying on the surface to make a fuss, mining all the surfaces of the mining area and still not finding the area to continue mining in depth, wasting a lot of manpower, financial and material resources, and precious time. What's even more frightening is that after investing so much effort, we still can't get a clear route, because the previous activities lacked purpose, the corresponding materials lacked reference value, and could not have great guiding significance for future work.

3. Lack of professional and technical talents

After years of development, my country has formed large-scale stone enterprise groups on the basis of many small and medium-sized enterprises. These large enterprises have great influence on stone resources. Development is paying more and more attention, and investment in resource prospecting and mine construction is also increasing.

Companies generally have mineral development departments, but among the personnel engaged in this field, there is a lack of professional talents, let alone experienced and capable talents. Many enterprise personnel engaged in mine management and technology are not geological and mining majors. Without basic knowledge of these majors, it is difficult to make outstanding achievements in mining technology.

It is often seen or entrusted by some stone companies to recruit engineers who are engaged in mining work or mine managers and technicians with practical experience, but there are very few people who meet the conditions and there are only a few applicants. Fresh graduates need several years of practice before they can take on important responsibilities. Moreover, when new graduates engage in the hard work of mining, they themselves still need to hone their thoughts and wills, and their dedication and willingness to endure hardship must also be cultivated. The remuneration must also be reasonable, otherwise it will be difficult to retain talents.

Companies cannot recruit talents and lack professional and technical strength, which means they lack strong technical support in resource development and mining.

On the other hand, we also have state-owned professional geological teams and mine design units. Such professional teams are the backbone of the development of my country's stone mining industry. However, over the years, it seems that the role of these professional departments in the stone industry has become smaller and smaller. There are only a handful of stone exploration projects by the building materials geology team, and there are even fewer stone mine design projects. One reason is that, as mentioned earlier, mining companies do not pay attention to the basic work in this area. The other reason is that these professional teams have little contact with our stone companies, and their publicity in the industry is not enough. The companies do not understand our professional departments, or even do not know how to do it. Know. It also shows that our professional departments must increase market development efforts, raise awareness of serving the stone industry, actively contact the majority of stone companies, understand their needs, and provide good services to them.

4. Conservative ideas have interfered with mining development

Since the stone mining industry was established, the mining technologies used in stone mining in my country have been explored domestically, and some of them still belong to China. Man's invention. For example, burning granite is used to dig trenches, black gunpowder is used for single-sided splitting blasting, and hammers and pianos are used to carve out large blocks of parent rock to separate marble. These are all the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people of our country. In the historical period, these mining methods still played a considerable role and laid the foundation for stone mining.

In the 1980s, when my country implemented the policy of reform and opening up, the stone industry achieved unprecedented development. Advanced mining and processing technologies from Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and other countries were gradually introduced, and mining and processing were successively imported. There are nearly 300 complete sets of equipment, and there are more than ten domestic companies producing special equipment for stone mining, which have played their due role in promoting the development of the national stone industry.

Diamond bead saws were also introduced in the 1980s. However, since most domestic mines do not have the conditions for use, and the supporting consumable materials are expensive, in fact, these imported bead saws and matching Other mining equipment is idle and is not functioning properly.

Mining uses more advanced mining technology, which inevitably requires spending money to purchase necessary mining equipment. Compared with original mining methods, the investment in the mine is much more. Mining companies are not mentally prepared in the early stage of mine construction. , and had an incomplete understanding of new mining technologies and were unwilling to take risks. Conservative ideas prevailed. It is not difficult to imagine the difficulties and resistance faced by the promotion of new technologies. The profit-seeking concept of "heavy processing and light mining" seriously interfered with the situation at that time. Development of the mining industry.

5. Enterprises are misled and have unclear concepts of practical mining technology

The key link in stone mining is the separation of parent rock from large rock masses, whether controlled blasting methods are used , or use various methods such as mechanized sawing, flame cutting, mechanical splitting, etc., with the purpose of separating complete blocks of specifications from the bedrock. This is also the core technology of a mine. Once the technical difficulties in this step are overcome, other follow-up work will be relatively simple and easy.

In recent years, some new mining methods and equipment have been promoted and applied, and have achieved good results. Such as in-hole groove blasting and splitting technology, hydraulic splitting technology, detonating cord hole controlled blasting, flame cutting technology, burst tube controlled blasting technology, static (expansion agent) expansion technology, black powder kettle pre-splitting technology, Diamond beaded wire sawing and disc saw cutting have different functions and effects at different stages of the mining process.

The above mining technologies each have their own advantages and disadvantages. After understanding the principles of each technology and the performance of equipment and materials, combined with the actual conditions of the mining area, we can analyze which technology is suitable for the mine, and then optimize the combination. , and finally determine the mining technology and mining methods applicable to this mine. It should be clear that for a mine, using a single mining method for production is not the best solution in terms of technical and economic evaluation. Only different rocks, different geological conditions, different stages, and different combinations can is the most reasonable and economical.

The detonating cord is fast, but it can only blast two non-free surfaces at most, and there is no guarantee of success in blasting more than three free surfaces. The success of cutting with a bead saw is high, but the cost of single-sided cutting is higher than that of blasting and flame cutting. Comparatively, the cost of sawing on one side is bound to be greater than black powder controlled blasting and blasting with grooves in the hole. It is an indisputable fact that the cost of blasting with grooves in the hole is low, but blasting on more than two free surfaces cannot be completed at the same time (at least not yet) Completed)o Therefore, every method is not omnipotent. Although it is possible on a technical level, economic aspects must also be considered.

Some equipment manufacturers or technology holders blindly exaggerate the role of the technology and the functions of the equipment when promoting their companies. This kind of promotion has a certain degree of exclusivity and seems to Only this technology and equipment can solve all the mining problems in the mines. Other technologies and equipment are not suitable, and other technologies and equipment are even regarded as useless until they sell their own things and gain profits. As for the suitability of the equipment and problems that arise during use, a perfunctory attitude is adopted, causing the company to suffer losses. What's more, the theories and methods used in mining other minerals were transferred to stone mining without verification, and hundreds of thousands or even millions of funds were spent on large-scale blasting to destroy a hilltop or half of a mountain at a time. Blow it down, and then rummage through the rocks to find larger rocks. The volume of a mountain blasted in this way amounts to hundreds of thousands or even millions of cubic meters, but the available blocks can be used to sort out less than a few thousand cubic meters of blocks. The rate of waste materials is extremely low, and the waste of resources is extremely serious. There are hidden cracks inside the sorted blocks, and the rate of sheet production is reduced during processing. The adverse effects caused by one blast are very extensive. Similar to the above situation, our mining equipment manufacturing companies and technical research departments should cultivate good professional ethics, seek truth from facts, clearly explain the pros and cons when promoting technology and equipment, and be truly responsible to mining companies. Mining companies should lead As a warning, we should establish a scientific outlook on development, use our brains, enhance our ability to distinguish right from wrong, and eliminate these barbaric mining methods.

The same goes for mining equipment procurement. You must buy the equipment that is needed and suitable for your mine. You cannot make do with it. Do not buy equipment that is not suitable to avoid waste. Large mast cranes have a wide coverage area, high safety performance, and strong hoisting capabilities. Medium and large-scale mines should purchase this equipment as long as the mining site conditions and economic capabilities are sufficient. They should not purchase the equipment made by informal manufacturers just to save money. Without safety guarantees and limited hoisting capacity, earth hoisting equipment will be detrimental to the company's regular mining. The purchase of special mining equipment and supporting lifting equipment and transportation equipment by mining enterprises must be determined by the mining design department based on the mine's production capacity and actual needs.

The above describes the analysis of the main reasons for the overall backwardness of my country's stone mines, as well as management and other factors. The factors that cause the backwardness are complex. Objective factors exist, but subjective factors-human factors factors play a decisive role.