What are the main schools of psychology?

Representative: Feng Te, the first theoretical school of psychology, 19 years after 70.

Main points: Psychology is the science of studying consciousness (experience). He divides consciousness into three basic elements: feeling, image and emotion, and thinks that all complex psychological activities are composed of these basic elements. Feng Te pioneered the method of experimental introspection.

Second, functionalism psychology.

Representative: James. Functionalism psychology came into being at the end of 19.

Main points: Emphasize the role and function of consciousness, and the function of consciousness is to make the body adapt to the environment. His famous representatives are Dewey, Angel, Thorndike and Karl.

Third, behavioral psychology.

Representative: Watson, behavioral psychology was born in 19 13,

Main viewpoints: Oppose psychological research consciousness, advocate research behavior, and take stimulus-response (S-R) as the formula to explain behavior. Behaviorism opposes introspection and advocates the use of objective research methods.

Fourth, Gestalt Psychology.

Representative figures: Whit Hamo, Kaufka, Kohler. Gestalt psychology 19 12 was born in Germany, and then it was further developed in the United States. The representative figure in the later period is Lei Wen.

Key points: Gestalt psychology opposes the decomposition of consciousness into elements, but emphasizes the significance of psychology as a whole and a psychological organization.

Five, psychoanalytic psychology

Representative: Austrian psychiatrist Freud, psychoanalytic psychology was born in 1900.

Key points: This school attaches importance to the analysis of abnormal behavior and emphasizes that psychology should study unconscious phenomena. The theoretical basis of this school comes from the experience of clinical diagnosis and treatment of mental patients.

Sixth, humanistic psychology.

Arising in the United States from 1950s to 1960s, American psychologists Maslow and Rogers are the representative figures.

Main points: This school opposes the narrowness and prejudice of psychoanalysis and behaviorism to psychological research problems, and is called the third force of modern psychology. It is believed that human nature is good and kind, and people have the need of free will and self-realization.

Seven. cognitive psychology

Originated from the opposition to behavioral psychology. The representatives are Nasser and Piaget.

Key points: Its main theory is information processing theory, so it is also called information processing psychology. Cognitive psychology regards people's psychological activities as an information processing system, which analyzes, stores, transforms and uses the information collected by the senses. These activities are called information processing. Generalized cognitive psychology also includes piagetian school. Piagetian school advocated that psychology should study children's cognitive activities and pay attention to exploring the essence, structure and function of wisdom.