Basic knowledge of leather shoes

leather shoes are shoes made of natural leather and other synthetic materials, which are called leather shoes. Thousands of years ago, human ancestors had the habit of wearing shoes, wrapping their feet with animal skins and making shoes with leather to modern leather shoes. Wearing leather shoes has a long history. In China, the production of modern leather shoes has only a history of more than 12 years. However, because the shape, style, structure and wearing function of leather shoes are superior to other shoes, the production of leather shoes has developed rapidly. Nowadays, leather shoes have become people's favorite kind of shoes, one of the commodities to beautify people's lives, and a "decisive" product in the clothing category. Introduction

refers to the shoes with natural leather as the upper and leather or rubber, plastic, PU foam, PVC as the sole, which are processed into leather shoes

by sewing, gluing or injection molding. According to the object of wearing, it can be divided into men's, women's and children's leather shoes; According to the wearing season, it is divided into spring and autumn shoes, sandals and cotton shoes; According to the upper surface structure, it can be divided into high system (high waist), low system (low waist), single leather shoes and sandwiched leather shoes; According to the wearing properties, it can be divided into daily shoes, labor protection shoes, insulating leather shoes, antistatic leather shoes, conductive leather shoes and so on according to physical properties. Leather shoes are breathable, moisture-absorbing, and have good hygienic performance. They are the shoes with the highest grade among all kinds of shoes and boots. In China, the production of modern leather shoes has only a history of more than 12 years, but because the shape, style, structure and wearing function of leather shoes are better than other shoes, the production of leather shoes has developed rapidly. Nowadays, leather shoes have become people's favorite kind of shoes, one of the commodities to beautify people's lives, and a "decisive" product in the clothing category. Leather shoes, called "Shun" in China in ancient times, mainly refer to shoes made of animal or artificial leather and PU leather. China had leather shoes in the Han Dynasty, among which the leather shoes made of raw leather without tanning were called grass shovel, and the shoes tanned with ripe leather were called Wei shovel. Leather shoes are more durable, waterproof and less breathable than cloth shoes. You can wear it on formal occasions or at leisure. Many styles. Generally, leather shoes can be classified into business dress shoes, casual shoes, fashion shoes, outdoor shoes and work shoes. Modern leather shoes originated in Italy, where the quality of leather shoes is excellent, but the price is more expensive. China has three major leather shoes production bases, namely, Guangdong, Wenzhou and Chengdu, Sichuan. Leather shoes produced in Guangdong are of good quality and the price is in the middle and high end. The leather shoes produced in Wenzhou are mainly in the middle and bottom line. Chengdu mainly produces women's shoes.

Notes for editing this paragraph

1. The place to wear antistatic leather shoes should be an antistatic floor (keep it clean); Leather shoes

2. Wearing antistatic leather shoes should not wear thick woolen socks and insulated insoles at the same time; 3. The soles should not be adhered with insulating substances; 4. After wearing antistatic leather shoes for a period of time (generally no more than 2h), the resistance should be tested, and then it is decided to clean or replace them.

Edit the maintenance method in this paragraph

1. When cleaning, brush with a soft brush in warm water (4οC) instead of using a washing machine; 2. Please use a neutral cleaning agent, otherwise it will change color easily; 3. Rinse thoroughly. When drying, please choose a well-ventilated, cool, direct sunlight-free place. It is forbidden to use a furnace to dry or use a desiccant. 4. Please put soft things (such as newspapers) in the shoes when storing them, and put them in a dry and cool place.

editing the origin of shoes in this paragraph

Thousands of years ago, human ancestors had the habit of wearing shoes, and they wrapped their feet with animal skins and made shoes with skins to modern leather shoes. The history of wearing leather shoes is quite long. According to legend, in the Yellow Emperor's time, the courtiers Yu "made the door with leather and the shoes with leather". This can be said to be the origin of leather shoes in China. By the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the technology of tanning and leather shoes production was very mature, and many inscriptions on bronze wares in the Western Zhou Dynasty recorded the production of leather shawls, leather aprons, rawhide ropes, drum skins, shoe tube skins, dyed skins and rawhide boards. At that time, there were five official positions: gold, jade, leather, industry and stone. It can be seen that tanning and leather shoes production were quite developed at that time, so that full-time officials should be set up in the court to manage them. A long time ago, the production of leather shoes in China was very developed, and the first pair of leather shoes in the world was born in China. During the Warring States Period in China, Sun Bin, a famous strategist, studied the art of war with Pang Juan when he was young. Later, when Pang Juan became a general in Wei, he knew that he was not as talented as Sun Bin, so he plotted against him. One day, he invited Sun Bin to Weidu (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to punish Sun Bin for an excuse (to cover his bones with paint), resulting in disability and house arrest. Later, with the help of the envoys of Qi, Sun Bin secretly returned to Qi. He also recommended Tian Ji to Qi Weiwang. When the King of Wei asked about the art of war, Sun Bin answered him quickly and appointed him as a strategist. Sun Bin personally directed the training of 1, soldiers in order to repay Pang Juan for his broken foot. However, because both feet can't walk and can't support themselves, based on the original leather shoes, we designed a pattern with two parts, namely the upper and the sole, carved a wooden last, and the shoemaker used hard leather to sew a pair of "high-flying shoes" according to the pattern. This pair of high-waist leather boots, divided into upper and bottom parts, is the embryonic form of modern leather shoes, which can be regarded as the ancestor of leather shoes in the world. Sun Bin puts on this pair of leather shoes, and can act with the support of hard boots and shoes. So he took the bus to command 1, troops. With the tactics of "criticizing Kang and playing tricks", "galloping the beam" and "attacking it will save it", Wei Jun was greatly defeated and Pang Juan was defeated. This battle, which took place in 353 BC, was called the battle between Qi and Wei Guiling (now northeast of Heze, Shandong) in history. Sun Bin created the first pair of leather shoes with sewn soles, which is a great pioneering work in the history of shoemaking. Later, in order to commemorate him, some famous shoemakers hung Sun Bin's portrait at home to express their nostalgia. At that time, every family with a portrait of Sun Bin showed that it was a shoemaking industry. Sun Bin was praised as the "ancestor of shoemaking" by later generations. After the appearance of leather shoes, the production of leather shoes in China has made great progress, which not only added varieties of shoes for people, but also induced many touching stories and fables. It is enough to prove that the history of leather shoes production and development in China is quite long.

editing the birth and development of modern leather shoes in China

Modern leather shoes are from abroad. The shoes originally made of leather in our country are called leather boots, and the styles are different from those worn now. It is divided into several categories because of its different uses. For example, walking is called single-soled fast boots, which are similar in shape to clam shell cloth cotton shoes; Riding is called riding boots; The shoes worn in rainy days are called spikes. They are made of leather with nails under the soles. This kind of "spike shoes" was very popular in the 192s. According to historical records, Yi Yin, the prime minister of Shang Dynasty, "made shoes with leather". Calculated, the history of making shoes in China has been more than 3, years, but it is different from today's leather shoes. The history of modern leather shoes manufacturing technology from abroad to China is not long, only more than 1 years. Self-made leather shoes in Shanghai began in 1876. At that time, there was a shoemaker named Shen Binggen in Pudong, and his skills were superb. Previously, he specialized in leather spikes worn in rainy days. Later, foreign leather shoes entered Shanghai, and Shen Binggen was also engaged in repairing and polishing leather shoes. He is a man of heart. In the process of repairing and finishing leather shoes, he carefully pondered and studied the style and structure of leather shoes. The first pair of modern leather shoes, from "straight-footed" shoes without dividing left and right feet, evolved into shoes with dividing left and right feet, which is a great development of shoemaking technology in China. Since then, China's modern leather shoes production has gradually developed. In 1876, Shen Binggen raised funds to open China's first modern leather shoes workshop in Yong 'an Street, Shanghai, with many apprentices. As a result, the skill of making leather shoes spread, and the leather shoes industry gradually formed in Shanghai. Many old workers in Shanghai, regardless of their knowledge or ignorance, were awed when they mentioned Shen Binggen, calling him the "founder" of modern leather shoes in China.

Edit the composition of leather shoes in this paragraph

Leather shoes generally include upper, sole, heel, inner toe cap and main heel. Leather shoes

uppers

are made of front upper, back upper and tongue. The forefoot corresponds to the front end of the foot and the active part of the metatarsophalangeal joint, and is flexed, stretched, squeezed and rubbed under the action of the foot; The heel part of the back upper is processed into a fixed shape similar to the heel, and the back upper is also flexed and stretched when walking and putting on shoes; The front side and the back side are usually stitched at the lumbar fossa on both sides of the arch. The upper in this part plays the role of wrapping the foot and supporting the inside of the arch. Generally, the upper of leather shoes is lined to reinforce the upper and protect it from wear and tear, and can absorb part of foot sweat.

The sole

is composed of an outsole, an insole, a semi-insole, a hook, a pad and a filler, which can isolate the foot from the ground and cushion the effect on the foot. The outsole is in direct contact with the ground and is subjected to various effects of bending, extrusion, friction and external environment; The insole directly bears the weight of the human body and transfers the gravity to the outsole and heel. Besides bending, squeezing and friction, the insole is also affected by foot sweat, humidity and temperature in the shoe. The hook is fixed between the inner sole and the outer sole of the waist pit of the leather shoes to reinforce the rear part of the leather shoes and support the arch of the foot, so that the waist pit of the leather shoes has certain elasticity and keeps the position and shape of the sole and heel; Padding and stuffing are used to fill the joint between the upper foot and the insole, so as to improve the cushioning and thermal insulation of the sole.

the heel

protects the joint between the heel of the outsole and the upper from abrasion and damage, reduces the contact area between the sole and the ground, reduces the thermal conductivity of the leather shoes, prevents water on the ground from entering the shoes from the heel and the lumbar fossa, and also has the function of absorbing the vibration energy generated when the feet follow the ground. Appropriate heel height can make the weight of the human body distributed in all parts of the foot reasonably and improve the elasticity of the arch of the foot.

inner toe cap

leather shoes are fitted with inner toe caps to keep the toe cap style and prevent deformation during wearing. Some labor protection leather shoes are packed with steel plates to form Baotou, so as to ensure that toes are not bruised.

the main heel

is located between the upper and the lining of the heel part of the shoe, and its lower part is firmly integrated with the upper, insole, outsole and heel to keep the heel part of the shoe in a fixed shape. The heel keeps the foot in the right position in the shoe. The upper edge of the main heel is thin and elastic, which can gently clamp the upper part of the heel, and the leather shoes will not fall off with the feet when worn.

Editing the design principles of this paragraph

The technical personnel engaged in leather shoes design are to meet the needs of the people's growing material and cultural life, give full play to their smart shoes

and use various technical means and artistic processing to create and design all kinds of leather shoes with China's unique style, which plays an important role in prospering the market, enriching people's lives and promoting foreign trade. According to long-term practical experience, the following design principles should be followed when designing leather shoes.

To carry out research activities and make clear the design direction

To design leather shoes, you must have the technical knowledge about leather shoes production learned in previous chapters, but also carefully investigate and study, collect and accumulate relevant information, understand and master the requirements of consumers, and make clear the design direction so that the products can meet the needs of domestic and foreign markets. (a) to understand and analyze the domestic market demand trends. Due to the differences of people's life, occupation, environment, region, age, habits and hobbies, and the changes of seasons, climate and clothes, in order to meet the needs of consumers, it is necessary to strengthen investigation and study, and often and timely understand and analyze the market demand trends at home and abroad, which is a prerequisite for making a clear design direction and doing a good job in leather shoes design for a long time. 1. Trends of domestic market demand. With the improvement of people's living standards, leather shoes have become an indispensable necessity for people. To design products that meet people's needs, we should investigate various objects and understand their requirements for leather shoes. China is a country with a vast territory and a large number of nationalities. Because of the different foot types and climates in different regions, the requirements for shoes are different. To design products that meet the various needs of consumers, we must go deep into reality and understand the needs of various personnel for shoes before we can design marketable products. 2. Demand trends in foreign markets. China's export leather shoes are exported to dozens of countries and regions, with a wide distribution. To design the right products, we must have a basic understanding of the geographical location, climate and customs of each country. In foreign countries, leather shoes are both consumer goods and decorations, so the styles change rapidly, almost every year. Due to different consumption levels, some pay attention to fashionable, soft, lightweight and comfortable to wear. (2) Raw and auxiliary materials should be considered in the design of leather shoes. When designing leather shoes, we should know about the material resources, price and performance, and consider the factors of selecting raw materials according to the different requirements of varieties and regions. At present, natural leather shoes are still the most ideal shoe-making materials. Due to the limited resources of cowhide and sheepskin in China, the output of pigskin ranks first in the world, which has great room for development. Therefore, we should try our best to explore and design products made of pig leather. Secondly, synthetic materials have bright surface, bright colors, good properties, low price and abundant supply. Now it is more common to use synthetic leather shoes < P > as upper leather, and insole, main heel, inner toe cap and outsole are also being widely used. (3) The design of leather shoes should be combined with the technical conditions of production, and also with the technical conditions of industrial production at this stage in China. If the production technical conditions are not considered, even if the designed leather shoes are right again, they cannot be produced. Generally speaking, the shoemaking industry in China is not mechanized, and manual operation still accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, the design work must be combined with production practice. At the same time, we should combine with scientific research to study new processes and technologies, create favorable conditions for standardization, generalization and serialization, realize assembly, promote the rapid development of leather shoes production and accelerate the modernization of leather shoes industry.

Principles of design work

We should use the most convenient and economical means to design products with novel styles, marketable products and the most popular products for consumers. The specific contents include the following aspects: (1) Design the data of each characteristic part of the shoe pattern according to the law of foot shape. It must be based on the law of foot type, which is the purpose of design (see Chapter 3 "Law of Foot Type" for details). (II) It is conducive to improving economic benefits. 1. The designed varieties are convenient to process, reasonable in structure, convenient to realize standardized and assembled production, and conducive to meeting the needs of large-scale production. 2. Under the premise of not affecting the reasonable structure, the designed varieties can make various samples mutually nested, effectively reducing the cost. (3) It is conducive to improving product sales and meeting market needs. L. the designed varieties should adapt to seasonal changes. 2. The designed varieties should take into account the needs of all aspects of society. 3. The designed varieties should be continuously innovated and developed.

design methods and technical points

many design methods can be used in the design of leather shoes, but they must meet the requirements. No matter which design method is adopted, technical points should be considered. (1) Design methods There are the following methods for designing leather shoes: pasting design method (sticking last method), drawing and pasting paper method, comparing last design method and graphic design method. L, paste design method: paste paper directly on the shoe last to draw the upper sample. 2. Drawing and pasting paper method: first draw and paste paper on the last, and then trace and sample. 3. Last-comparison design method: draw samples directly on the last with paper. 4. Graphic design method: unfold the last surface first, then bend it, and design the sample according to the basic control line. (II) Technical Points Design methods can be varied, but no matter which design method is adopted, the following technical points must be considered. 1, must follow the law of foot type, determine the proportion of each part of the sample. On the last, if the position of the sample parts is not properly arranged, it will not only affect the appearance of the shoes, but also affect the wearing. For example: heel shoes < P