How to debug the taper produced by ordinary lathe

1. Check the accuracy of the measuring machine tool and correct the parallelism between the spindle axis and the lathe bed guide rail.

If the anchor bolts and adjusting pads at the four corners of the machine tool and the middle of the lathe bed are found to be loose, the horizontal straightness of the guide rail surface and the inclination in the vertical plane will seriously exceed the standard, or even be distorted, which will not only make the turning excircle thinner, but also affect other accuracy.

In this case, it is necessary to adjust the anchor bolts and pads at the four corners of the machine tool and the middle of the lathe bed, re-correct the horizontal straightness of the guide surface of the lathe bed and the inclination in the vertical plane to meet the requirements, and tighten the anchor bolts.

2. Before rotating, align the rear center so that it is coaxial with the spindle axis.

(1) When the workpiece is found to have taper, first measure the taper value, and then determine the moving direction and distance of the tailstock according to the taper value.

Try cutting again, re-measure the dimensions of both ends of the workpiece, and check whether the taper is eliminated. If the size requirements of the drawing cannot be met, the tailstock must be readjusted, and trial cutting and measurement shall be continued until the size requirements of the drawing are met.

(2) We usually use the "nail tip" to adjust the tailstock offset:

When the diameter of both ends of the workpiece is consistent with the feed of the middle slide plate, if the diameter in the +Z direction is greater than the diameter in the -Z direction, the operator will stand behind the tailstock, loosen the left-hand jack and rotate the right-hand jack, thus adjusting the tool tip to the turning direction.

The magnetic gauge holder can be adsorbed on the guide rail surface or the middle sliding plate, and the dial gauge contact is pressed on the bus bar on the sleeve side of the tailstock. The adjustment movement is generally the diameter difference. If the diameter in the +z direction is smaller than the diameter in the -2 direction, the adjustment method is reversed.

3. Replace the tailstock sleeve with a new sleeve.

The tailstock sleeve has been used for a long time and is seriously worn.

If it is used again, it will not only produce taper, but also cause more problems, only to replace the new sleeve.

Extended data

Lathe type

1, ordinary lathe

It has a wide range of machining objects, a wide range of spindle speed and feed adjustment, and can process internal and external surfaces, end faces and internal and external threads of workpieces. This kind of lathe is mainly operated by workers, which has low production efficiency and is suitable for single-piece and small-batch production and repair workshops.

2, turret and rotary lathe

It has turret tool rest or turret tool rest that can hold multiple tools. Workers can use different tools to complete various processes in one clamping, which is suitable for mass production.

3, automatic lathe

According to certain procedures, the multi-process machining of small and medium-sized workpieces can be automatically completed, and a batch of the same workpieces can be repeatedly processed, which is suitable for mass production.

4, multi-tool semi-automatic lathe

There are uniaxial, multi-axial, horizontal and vertical. The layout of single-axis horizontal lathe is similar to that of ordinary lathe, but two groups of tool holders are installed at the front and back of the spindle or up and down, respectively, to process disc, ring and shaft workpieces, and its productivity is 3 ~ 5 times higher than that of ordinary lathe.

5, copying lathe

It can imitate the shape and size of a template or sample and automatically complete the machining cycle of the workpiece (see copying machine tool). It is suitable for small batch and batch production of workpieces with complex shapes, and the productivity is 10 ~ 15 times higher than that of ordinary lathes. There are many types, such as multi-tool rest, multi-axis, chuck type and vertical type.

6, vertical lathe

The spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, the workpiece is clamped on the horizontal rotating table, and the tool rest moves on the beam or column. It is suitable for machining large and heavy workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, and it can be divided into single column and double column.

7, shovel tooth lathe

At the same time of turning, the tool rest periodically makes radial reciprocating motion, which is used to form the tooth surface of forklift milling cutter and hob. Usually shovel accessories, small grinding wheels driven by independent motors are used to shovel tooth surfaces.

8, professional lathe

Lathe for machining a specific surface of a workpiece, such as crankshaft lathe, camshaft lathe, wheel lathe, axle lathe, roller lathe and ingot lathe.

9, combined lathe

It is mainly used for turning, but it can also be used for boring, milling, drilling, inserting and grinding after adding some special parts and accessories. It has the characteristics of "one machine with multiple functions" and is suitable for repair work on engineering vehicles, ships or mobile repair stations.

10, saddle lathe

Saddle lathe is recessed at the left end of spindle box, which can accommodate large-diameter parts. The lathe is shaped like a saddle, so it is called a saddle lathe. Saddle lathe is suitable for machining parts with large radial dimension and small axial dimension, turning excircle, inner hole, end face, groove and metric, imperial, modular and radial threads of workpieces, and also for drilling, boring and reaming, especially for single-piece and batch production enterprises.

Saddle lathe can process larger diameter workpiece in saddle groove. Hardening and fine grinding of machine tool guide rail, convenient and reliable operation. Lathe has the characteristics of high power, high speed, strong rigidity, high precision and low noise.

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