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Non-governmental organizations play an important role in supporting and standardizing governance through guidance, service and cooperation. For example, trade unions employ or employ engineers, industrial hygienists, ergonomics and occupational disease doctors to provide technical support. Through the investigation and evaluation of workplace safety and health by professionals, a report including environmental monitoring data, medical test results and other technical information is formed. The trade associations of producers, manufacturers and operators together provide more practical suggestions for regulating governance and promote the implementation of specific measures. Other professional organizations use their professional advantages to provide environmental assessment, prevention and control measures, health consultation, emergency rescue, clinical treatment and other services for employers and industries, and establish information platforms for occupational disease monitoring.

In terms of legislative activities and social guidance, the development of non-governmental organizations is increasingly affecting the government's decision-making and legislative activities, and constantly playing the role of social guidance. American trade union organizations participate extensively and deeply in the legislative activities of occupational safety and health, and trade union lobbyists, industry technicians and professional researchers are the basic members of these legislative activities. At the same time, trade unions encourage workers to participate in the legislative and decision-making process in various forms. Trade unions will also promote the solution of problems related to occupational safety by issuing initiatives, attending hearings and providing testimony, so as to achieve legislative purposes. The research results of medical schools and professional organizations are also applied to occupational safety legislation to prevent and reduce occupational injuries in the workplace. International NGOs use the information and rules they have to persuade and cooperate, and influence the government's occupational safety legislation and decision-making.

Japan: authorizing civil organizations to entrust services

In the decades after the war, Japan's economy took off, and non-governmental organizations and intermediaries engaged in occupational safety and health services also flourished. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare is the government's occupational safety and health supervision and management department, which implements an accreditation and entrustment system for organizations and intermediaries, and authorizes qualified organizations and intermediaries to carry out occupational safety publicity, training and education, special equipment inspection and information services.

1964, according to the provisions of the Organization Law on Industrial Accident Prevention promulgated by the government, Japan established the Central Association for the Prevention of Labor Disasters, which is an authoritative non-governmental intermediary organization with independent legal personality and funded by the government. The Central Labor Disaster Prevention Association is mainly engaged in occupational safety-related business, aiming at preventing and reducing all kinds of industrial accidents. The Central Association for the Prevention of Labor Disasters has occupational safety and health education centers in Tokyo and Osaka, specializing in occupational safety and health training. The training targets are mainly managers or safety and health consultants at the first-line production site. The center can provide more than 20 kinds of training lectures, each training lasts for 3-5 days, with 20-30 people.

Established in July 1999, Japan International Cooperation Center for Occupational Safety and Health is another important training institution under the Central Association for the Prevention of Labor Disasters. Entrusted by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, the center mainly carries out occupational safety technology education and training. The training targets include not only Japanese enterprises overseas, but also enterprises from some developing countries in Asia. About 10 training courses are held every year, and the trainees are all responsible persons of occupational safety and health in enterprises. Each training course 12 people lasts for 3 weeks, including practical training, English lectures and information exchange by visiting large enterprises, factories and research laboratories and facilities.

The Industrial Safety Technology Association is a non-profit organization recognized by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, aiming to help enterprises reduce industrial accidents and losses through various technical activities. At the same time, the association is also the only authoritative department for explosion-proof testing and certification of electrical equipment in China.

Australia: Third-party experts participate in risk management and control

Australia attaches great importance to the risk control of occupational safety and health, and prevents all kinds of industrial accidents from the source. The Australian government stipulates that employers must establish an occupational safety and health risk assessment mechanism for their companies and regularly assess their safety and health risks according to certain procedures.

Australia gives full play to the role of third-party experts in occupational safety and health management. Compared with developing countries, the Australian government has granted the expert group greater authority, and the expert group can enter the company to carry out health and safety inspection, and can ask the company and the employer to make rectification. Their supervisory authority is almost the same as that of the inspectors of the Labor Insurance Bureau, except that they have no power of administrative punishment.

In Australia, within each company or between several companies, a third-party person with relevant qualifications can be hired to form an occupational safety and health expert group to conduct mutual inspections between companies on a regular basis and urge companies to solve existing risk factors. These experts have the right to ask the company to carry out rectification, and if necessary, they can report directly to the labor insurance bureau, which will investigate and deal with them.

Australian trade unions also play an important role in occupational health and safety. It is the powerful role of trade unions that makes the occupational safety and health in this country in a more transparent state. The active participation of trade unions has become an important factor restricting each other among employers, employees and suppliers. Trade unions not only strive for employees' legitimate rights and interests of occupational health and safety, but also play a certain role in restricting employers and suppliers. If a company has a serious occupational casualty accident, the trade union can call on the whole country to boycott its products, cut off its market operation, and urge the company to improve its internal safety and abide by occupational health and safety laws and regulations.

UK: The NGO "Grounding Gas" has its own responsibilities.

Britain, one of the European Union Troika, has always maintained the first-class occupational safety and health management performance, which is at the leading level in the world. This is the achievement of occupational safety and health management in Britain 150 years, which is closely related to its scientific safety management mode, sound safety legal system and good national safety quality. Among them, non-governmental organizations and intermediaries are also an indispensable part of the British occupational safety and health system. British NGOs actively cooperate with government regulatory authorities to promote the solid and effective development of occupational safety and health. These organizations often send personnel to cooperate with state inspectors to conduct in-depth on-site investigation and management of potential risks.

At present, the main forms of British NGOs and intermediaries are trade associations, chambers of commerce, business committees engaged in training, local business committees, trade unions and citizens' guidance bureaus. These organizations are grounded and perform their duties.

There are more than 65,438+0,000 trade associations in Britain, which provide the latest consultation of professional knowledge, including health and safety information, legislative information and guidelines, research and treatment control technical services, organize seminars and provide training services. When providing safety and health guidance and information, the government often works closely with industry associations.

The British Chamber of Commerce provides information, advice and training opportunities related to occupational safety and health to companies through its trade database.

The British Local Enterprise Council provides training, information and evaluation according to the standards, and provides businesses and services stipulated by health and safety standards for enterprises.

Trade unions in Britain generally have safety and health departments to provide information and guidance to their members, and many services are free. Their services include legal aid, training, guidance, magazine publishing and investigation.

The British Citizen Guidance Bureau aims to help citizens fulfill their rights and obligations and provide relevant service information, most of which are free of charge. At present, the British Citizen Guidance Bureau pays special attention to the safety production management of freelancers and small enterprises. It has gone through four stages. The goal of the highest stage is to establish Shanghai Free Trade Zone and Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian Pilot Free Trade Zones. Nansha has attracted much attention since Guangzhou started its strategy of expanding to the south in 2000. Until 20 15, the Guangzhou Pilot Free Trade Zone was officially listed and committed to becoming a demonstration zone for cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Nansha Free Trade Zone has its own clear goals. Strive to establish a perfect system in line with international investment and trade rules, build a more open and high-level economic system, improve the international legal environment and investment and trade model, and create an efficient and safe free trade zone in three to five years. This will not only promote the economic transformation in the Pearl River Delta region, but also play an important role in the development of China's open economy. At present, Guangzhou Nansha Port Terminal actively responds to the policies and regulations of higher authorities, the customs clearance environment has been greatly improved, and the comprehensive service capacity of Nansha Port has also been comprehensively improved, laying a solid foundation for the logistics development of Nansha Free Trade Zone.

2. The opportunities brought by Nansha Free Trade Zone to Guangzhou logistics industry.

2. 1 Free trade zone policy system is conducive to the development of logistics enterprises.

At present, Guangzhou Nansha Port Terminal actively cooperates with the construction and development of the Free Trade Zone, and the port environment is further optimized, which enhances the distribution and radiation capacity of Nansha Port Area to a certain extent and improves the development environment of the ship operation industry. After the free trade zone was listed, some shipping companies rushed to increase routes, and now there are 8 new routes. At the same time, Nansha Customs launched the "seven-day working system", which effectively solved the problem of goods clearance during holidays, and carried out a series of rectification measures for market policies and customs clearance management, which also attracted suppliers to a certain extent. In addition, Guangzhou Nansha Customs also issued a tax refund policy for the port of departure, advocating the development of transit business in Nansha Port. In response to this requirement, Nansha Port has started the construction of "dry ports", striving to add 16 dry ports in 2065, so that more goods can choose Nansha Port. Moreover, the Guangzhou Port Authority's policy of reducing and exempting drinking water charges for ships has also benefited more shipping companies, which can not only reduce the overall operating costs of shipping companies, but also attract a large number of shipping companies to call Nansha, broaden the supply channels of Nansha Port and improve the efficiency of ship operations.

2.2 Free Trade Zone regional advantages to boost logistics development

In recent years, Guangzhou has carried out a series of integration of Nansha Free Trade Zone, and the positioning of Nansha Free Trade Zone has also changed to some extent. Its role in the logistics industry is obviously different from the past. After the integration of Nansha Free Trade Zone, warehousing and leasing business, warehousing and distribution services and import and export trade have been closely linked, and all links have developed in a coordinated way, realizing two-way interaction, which has added a steady stream of impetus to the development of logistics industry. In addition, the unique traffic advantages of Nansha Free Trade Zone also provide good development conditions for the logistics industry. Nansha Free Trade Zone is located at the top of the letter A in the Pearl River Delta, and it is also the gateway for Guangzhou to go to sea. It is a world-class port that stops at the world's largest container ship and has a superior environment. The development of Nansha Free Trade Zone not only promotes the development of automobile, machinery and equipment, steel, shipbuilding and other industries, but also opens up more sources of goods for the logistics industry and promotes the upward development of the logistics industry.

2.3 Free Trade Zone under the conditions of new opportunities for the logistics industry

The development of Nansha Free Trade Zone not only provides impetus for the development of logistics industry, but also promotes the upgrading and transformation of economy and trade. At present, China attaches great importance to the development of Nansha Free Trade Zone as an extremely important link in the global trade value chain. However, on the other hand, trade value chain and logistics supply chain have formed a very close relationship. The improvement of logistics supply speed can promote the promotion of trade value chain. It is based on such trade conditions that Nansha Free Trade Zone has brought new opportunities for the development of logistics industry. As far as FTZ port is concerned, it has greatly increased the freight volume of Guangzhou port and promoted the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure to a certain extent. On the one hand, Nansha Free Trade Zone has various preferential policies of the state, which greatly promotes the development of import and export trade and increases the volume of transit goods; On the other hand, expanding the original commodity warehousing and transshipment to the fields of industry, trade and transportation has promoted the development of port logistics industry and rapidly improved the performance of the supply chain in Nansha Free Trade Zone.

2.4 Implement the "Belt and Road" strategy, strengthen the sea-rail combined transport and promote the development of logistics.

The establishment of Nansha Free Trade Zone in Guangzhou has attracted great attention of Hong Kong Group and Railway Group, and discussed the construction of sea-rail combined transport. Under the background of "One Belt, One Road", Guangzhou Nansha sea-rail combined transport was implemented in the second half of 20 15, and Nansha Port Railway was further expanded to the Pearl River Delta region. It can be predicted that after the completion of this project, Nansha Port will not only be interconnected with Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. Moreover, it can be connected with the Nanguang-Liu Zhao Railway, covering the south-central and southwest regions, which will provide a stable supply of goods for Nansha Port Area, increase the freight volume of150,000 TEU on the original basis, and make Nansha Port Area further leap into the first sequence of South China ports.

3. The challenge of Nansha Free Trade Zone to Guangzhou logistics industry.

3. 1 Lack of competitive leading enterprises

At present, Guangzhou lacks leading logistics enterprises and certain competitiveness. Although there are a large number of logistics enterprises in Guangzhou, and more than two-thirds of them are located in the cluster area of logistics parks, from the actual development of these logistics enterprises, they are small in scale and mostly belong to small and medium-sized logistics enterprises. According to the survey, in 20 14 years, the average asset management of logistics enterprises in the cluster area of logistics park reached 15532400 yuan, but compared with service enterprises of the same scale, the difference was150 million, and the number of employees was less. None of the existing 3A-level and above logistics enterprises can enter the national 100 top logistics enterprises, and the growth rate of leading enterprises is still far behind that of Shanghai and Tianjin Free Trade Zones.

The analysis of the development data of logistics leading enterprises in Nansha Free Trade Zone and other free trade zones shows that the scale of logistics development in Guangzhou is small, which is not suitable for the speed of economic development and the fierce competition in the logistics market in Guangzhou. Facing the higher demand of Nansha Free Trade Zone for the logistics industry, the logistics industry will face great challenges.

3.2 Logistics enterprises "demand chain" management concept is not strong.

The low level of logistics development in Guangzhou is largely related to the "demand chain" management. The development model of logistics enterprises is traditional and single, which can not effectively adjust and innovate the current development form of international logistics industry. Generally speaking, foreign-funded enterprises have higher requirements on product quality and transportation effectiveness in the process of cargo transportation. After receiving the relevant instructions, it is necessary to complete the supply within 72 hours or 48 hours, and also complete the process from spare parts distribution to production packaging and distributors, which puts forward higher requirements for logistics enterprises. Therefore, in view of this demand, we must adjust the internal structure of the logistics industry, fully implement the demand chain management strategy, and meet the relevant needs of logistics and transportation at home and abroad. Judging from the current situation, there are not many logistics enterprises in Guangzhou that can meet the above conditions. In addition, the traditional single logistics model occupies a large proportion, most of which are still in the basic storage and operation stage, lacking certain professionalism, and it is difficult to meet the needs of foreign-funded enterprises or international multinational companies to provide high-end, efficient and high-quality logistics services.

4. Countermeasures of Guangzhou logistics industry under the influence of Nansha Free Trade Zone.

4. 1 Cultivate leading enterprises in the logistics industry

Based on the actual development of logistics industry in Guangzhou, we should first cultivate a number of leading logistics enterprises, give full play to the leading role of large-scale logistics backbone enterprises with certain scale and core competitiveness, and promote the development of other logistics industries. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the coordinated development with international logistics giants and large domestic logistics groups, constantly explore new development space, realize effective linkage at home and abroad, promote resource integration and sharing, and build more brand logistics enterprises. * * * Committed to the development of logistics industry in Guangzhou.

4.2 Demand chain drive to promote the development of logistics enterprises

The establishment of Nansha Free Trade Zone has brought certain opportunities for the development of logistics industry in Guangzhou. Logistics enterprises should seize the current excellent situation, realize the transformation and development of logistics enterprises, and adapt to the needs of current economic development. First of all, we should make full use of the current advanced Internet information technology and establish a perfect information service platform, which can effectively integrate the latest logistics-related information resources at home and abroad and publish them to the information public platform to realize information sharing. Secondly, we should recognize the current development trend of the logistics industry, increase investment in technology research and development, establish a sound warehousing management system and intelligent transportation system, and realize the intelligent development of the logistics industry. In addition, based on people's livelihood logistics, we should support intercity freight terminals, urban and rural distribution and other services to achieve the coordinated development of online logistics and offline logistics.

4.3 Strengthen policy support

Guangzhou government departments should pay close attention to the reform and development of Nansha Free Trade Zone, carefully study the economic policies and innovation achievements of Nansha Free Trade Zone, and then effectively publicize and promote these achievements. At the same time, accurately grasp China's various logistics policies, make use of policy advantages, enhance the attractiveness of the logistics industry, turn policy advantages into competitive advantages, fully implement various preferential policies, guide logistics enterprises to enhance their understanding of "demand chain management", promote the pilot policy of changing business tax to value-added tax, and reduce the tax burden of logistics enterprises.

Concluding remarks

China is a big exporter, and Nansha Port in Guangzhou has a superior geographical position and a complete industrial system near the port, which has certain development potential. The establishment of Guangzhou Nansha Free Trade Zone is not only the requirement of port economic development in Nansha area, but also the need of international logistics development. Under the current policy environment, Nansha Free Trade Zone should have a clear understanding, establish clear development goals, realize internal innovation, put China's free trade zone policy system in place, and promote the long-term stable development of international logistics industry.