Analysis of Gender Differences in Workplace

Analysis of gender differences in the workplace? Gender differences in the workplace mainly include salary differences, preference differences, position differences and promotion differences, among which salary differences are one of the most concerned topics. The most famous researchers on gender pay difference are Blau and Kahn, who have been paying attention to female pay difference since 1970s:

In the study of 20 17, they found that in the past few decades, the salary difference has gradually narrowed, which is mainly due to the continuous improvement of human capital factors such as women's education level, work experience and job choice, as well as the influence of policy factors. At the same time, they also found that the gender pay gap still exists. Different from before, with the average education level of women in some countries beginning to surpass that of men in recent years, the explanation of gender differences by educational factors has been very low.

Through the classic Oaxaca-Blind (OB) decomposition method, they found that the unexplained part of the wage difference (Note 2) has gradually decreased from 1980 to 19%-29% to 1989. After that, the difference is in a relatively stable state.

After 20 10, the technological revolution has brought about an outbreak of demand for cutting-edge technical talents, and the proportion of the parts that cannot be explained by OB model has gradually increased among senior managers and senior technicians. The World Economic Forum publishes the Global Gender Gap Report every year, which analyzes the gender gap from the perspectives of salary/job opportunities, education, political participation and health/survival. While the education level of women has improved or even surpassed, and the acceptance of women in the job market has generally increased, the emergence and development of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence have gradually widened the gender gap.

According to the research of the World Economic Forum, among the talents engaged in artificial intelligence in the world, the ratio of male to female is 3.5: 1, and the gender gap is 72%. 20 1 1 The Committee of Economics and Statistics of the U.S. Department of Commerce pointedly pointed out [7] that although the proportion of men and women in the whole job market is very close (52% vs. 48%), the gender difference is still very huge (76% vs. 24%) in the jobs related to science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). At the same time, the salary of STEM posts is 25%-33% higher than that of non-STEM posts, which will become an important obstacle to enhance the national competitiveness.

Many studies have found that gender differences in the workplace actually occurred before entering the workplace. The main reasons include:

Gender orientation in job advertisements;

Through the analysis of 6,543,807,000 job descriptions on a certain platform, the researcher found that in the past 654.38+00 years, with the gradual improvement of laws and regulations and the progress of ideas, the vocabulary with obvious gender characteristics in job advertisements gradually decreased, but the proportion of positions biased towards male job seekers still showed an increasing trend;

Gender orientation in machine learning system;

After analyzing 200 emotion analysis systems based on machine learning technology, the researchers found that more than 75% of the systems presented analysis results biased towards a specific ethnic group/gender. Although most deviations are below 3%, some systems have deviations as high as 34%.