Printing knowledge about graphic design

1. What printing knowledge should graphic designers know?

Method/step 1. What is the image resolution? Why emphasize it? A high-resolution image contains more pixels, more image information and clearer details than a low-resolution image of the same size, which is one reason for determining the image resolution by considering the output factors.

For example, if you want to display an image on the screen, the resolution should be 72 pixels/inch. If it is used for printer output of 600Dpi, an image resolution of 150 pixels/inch is required; To print, you need a high resolution of 300 pixels/inch. The image resolution should be set properly: if the resolution is too high, it will run slowly and occupy a lot of disk space; If the resolution is too low, it will affect the performance of image details and fail to meet the corresponding quality requirements.

2. Why do images need image file format? Several image file formats are often involved in prepress. What are their properties? The image file format determines how the file is compatible with various application software and how the file exchanges data with other files. Because there are many image formats, we should decide which format the image should be stored in according to its use.

The image file formats commonly used in design are: TIFF format: TIFF is an image file with labels, which is used to save images composed of color channels. Its biggest advantage is that the picture is not limited by the operating platform, and it can be universal regardless of PC, MAC and UNIX. It can store Alpha channel and color separation data in one file, and it is the most commonly used image format for printing files.

EPS format: EPS format is used for printing and printing, and can store the information of two tones, Alpha channel, path and screening. GIF is an 8-bit format and can only express 256 colors.

This is a common format for transmitting images on the network, and it can't be used for printing. PSD is mainly used as the intermediate transition of the image file, which is used to save the channels and layers of the image for later modification.

This format is not universal, only Photoshop can be used, and other applications rarely support it, so it can't be directly used for printout. JPE is not only a file format, but also a compression method. This kind of compression is lossy, with different losses, some of which are too small for human eyes to distinguish and cannot be directly used for printout.

3. What is printing color? Printing color is composed of different percentages of C (cyan), M (magenta), Y (yellow) and K (black), so it is more reasonable to call it mixed color. C, M, Y and K are four primary colors commonly used in printing.

When printing, these four colors have their own swatches, and the dots of this color are recorded on the swatches. When four swatches are combined, the defined primary colors are formed. In fact, the dots of the four printing colors on the paper are separated, but the distance is very close. Because of the limited resolution of our eyes, we can't distinguish them.

The visual impression we get is the mixed effect of various colors, so different primary colors are produced. Y, M and C can synthesize almost all colors, but black is needed, because the black produced by Y, M and C is impure, and more pure black is needed for printing.

Electronic files used for printing must be four-color files (that is, C, M, Y, K), and files in RGB color mode cannot be used for printout. Remember! ! 4. What is color separation? Is color separation that important? How to separate colors in Photoshop? Color separation is a printing technical term, which refers to the decomposition of various colors on the manuscript into four primary colors: yellow, magenta, cyan and black. In computer printing design or graphic design image software, color separation is to convert the color mode of scanned images or images from other sources into CMYK mode.

Generally, the scanned images are in RGB mode, and the images taken with digital cameras are also in RGB mode. Most of the pictures downloaded from the Internet are in RGB color mode. If you want to print, you must separate colors into yellow, magenta, cyan and black, which is the requirement of printing.

If the color mode of the image is RGB or Lab, it is possible that only K version has dots when outputting, that is, RIP only interprets the color information of the image as gray. In Photoshop, the color separation operation is actually very simple: just change the image color mode from RGB mode or Lab mode to CMYK mode.

In this way, the color of the image is represented by pigment (ink), and there are four color channels. When the image is output to the film, it will generate dots according to the channel data of colors and be divided into four kinds of dichroic films: yellow, magenta, cyan and black.

5. In color separation, when the image changes from RGB to CMYK, the naked eye can see that some colors on the screen will change obviously. What is the reason? What effect does it have on image color? When the image is converted from RGB color mode to CMYK color mode, some bright colors on the image will change obviously. This change can sometimes be clearly observed, and generally changes from bright color to darker color. This is because the color gamut of RGB is larger than that of CMYK, that is to say, some colors that can be expressed in RGB color mode are beyond the range of colors that can be expressed in CMYK after being converted into CMYK, and these colors can only be replaced by similar colors.

So these colors have changed obviously. When making electronic documents for printing, Printers Alliance Network, an online design and printing platform, suggests that the initial file should be set to CMYK mode to avoid using RGB color mode and color deviation during color separation conversion.

6. What color mode is better for designing images? In Photoshop, the color modes of images include RGB mode, CMYK mode, gray mode and other color modes. What mode is adopted in the design image mode depends on the ultimate goal of the design image.

If you want to print or print the designed image, it is best to use the CMYK color mode, so that the color you see on the screen is close to the output printing color or printing color. If the image is gray, it's best to use gray mode, because even if the image is represented by CMYK color mode, it still looks neutral gray, but its disk space is much larger.

In addition, if you want to print a gray image, if it is represented by CMYK mode, there are four versions when the film is made and printed, and poor gray balance control during printing may cause color cast. When the amount of ink in one color is too large, the gray image will have color cast. If designed for electronic media display.

2. What printing knowledge do graphic designers need to master?

1. The usual paper size is generous (889* 1 194mm) and front (787* 1092mm). For example, 16 is 210 *. 2. What are the grams: 80g, 105g, 128g, 157g, 200g, 250g, etc.

Understand the thickness of common paper, so as to calculate the spine thickness. 3. Unfolded drawings of handbags, packaging boxes and envelopes. , and the bleeding size of each part, the bleeding on the four sides of the ordinary picture album is 3mm, and the edges around the developed picture of the hardcover box are at least15 mm; 4. The minimum font size should be grasped before the font used in the design is too small to affect printing; 5. After each cmyk color value is set, you should have a picture of what color it is printed in your mind.

6. Have a proper understanding of post-processing technology: scalding gold and silver, stamping black beans, UV grinding, film-coated plastic, printing spot color gold and silver, etc.

3. Graphic design should know printing knowledge.

Some key points in printing design 1, graphic color mode must be CMYK or grayscale.

2. If the color picture needs a large area of pure black background, it is suggested to use K: 100 and C: 30, so that the black print is brighter than the monochrome black, and the existence of blue print can make up for the false print of the black print. Of course, this value is not fixed. I have made folio posters, using K: 100 and C: 80. This is because the area is too large and the printing machine is fast, so it is difficult to make the color real, so the value is improved accordingly.

Also, if there is a warm color pattern with feathered edge or transparent warm color on the whole picture, the values will be adjusted according to the actual main warm colors, such as K: 100, M:60, Y:70, so that the transition part of the pattern is very comfortable and will not be as weird as K: 100. You can see this phenomenon by doing experiments in PHOTOSHOP.

3. Anti-white characters or thin lines on variegated patterns. When choosing a font (or the number of points and lines), be careful not to use too fine fonts, such as imitation song style and thin circles, and try to use fonts with obvious lines, such as bold and official script, so as to avoid inaccurate typesetting and unclear words or lines.

4, do small tags and other things that need to be punched, pay attention, try not to design the outer frame. Because, if the plate position is slightly deviated when rolling the box, there will be a situation where one side is big and the other side is small.

5. Attention should be paid to the design of newspaper draft and offset paper printing. Newsprint and offset paper are very ink-consuming. Therefore, in addition to paying attention to the mesh number during production, we should also pay attention to reducing the chromaticity during production. For example, when making a draft newspaper, you need to see a gray scale of 30, so when making it, set the gray scale at around 24, so that when printing on some gray newsprint, the actual effect is equivalent to a gray scale of 30. (Double) offset paper is whiter than newsprint, and the adjusted chromaticity can be lower than normal offset printing and higher than newspaper draft, depending on experience and feeling.

There are so many processes involved in printing that I can't list them all. Now I can think of those that are easy to make mistakes. I hope experts and experienced friends can correct me. I also want to say a few words to my new friends. Don't post any questions immediately. First, find out the problem. You can find them on the corresponding design and printing websites. Also keep in touch with your next home (printing house, plate-making company, inkjet company, business card printing company, etc.). ) Understand the process flow, process requirements and equipment performance. Experience is accumulated, not by reading books or just listening to others.

Poster imposition 4 Poster size A, algorithm formula of big four paper: big paper size:1194 mm x 889 mm; Dimensions after deburring: 1 190mm x 885mm, big quarto: 595mm x 442mm, maximum printing area: 59 1mm (2mm burr shall be subtracted from each side when cutting into the product) x 430mm (except 2mm burr, 8mm bite position shall be subtracted from each side when cutting into the product. However, the four-opening position is generally 8 mm. The size of the four-opening paper after cutting off the burrs is: 1088mm x 783mm, that is, 544mm x 39 1mm, and the maximum printable area is 540mm x 377mm (as mentioned above). Note: Generally, the rough edges of flat coated paper are cut by 2mm on each side to make the imposition of large quarto posters. Because posters are generally based on pictures, I will take a picture as an example here. Import the picture into (Ctrl+H)CorelDRAW. After importing the desired picture into CorelDRAW, press Enter to put the picture in the middle. The poster we make here is the one with a picture in the middle and a 20mm white edge around it. You can borrow the bite (meaning to put the bite on the white edge without adding the bite), and the poster size can be 438 mm x 599.

Set the page to 438mm x 590mm in CorelDRAW, double-click the rectangle tool to draw a box as big as the page, fill it with white, and cancel the outline. This is a page of the poster.

Select the rectangle and the picture and combine them (Ctrl+G). The next step is to draw a corner line.

First, set the page to 448mm x 600mm, and make a 5mm x 5mm missing corner line with hand-drawn tools. Press Ctrl+A to place the corner line in the upper left corner of the page, as shown.

Click the+key on the keypad to copy the corner line, and put the corner line in the upper right corner of the page in the same way. Put the corner line at the bottom of the page in the same way.

In fact, there is still a distance between the corner line and the actual size, because the poster is white (paper) around it, so it is enough to leave1mm. If it is not enough, the cutter can cut it in.

Draw a middle line as follows. Put the middle line on the page like the corner line (as shown in the figure, the function is to use this line instead of the corner line when printing), and merge the corner line and the middle line.

The color of the filling contour is c100m100y100k100. Here is the most convenient way to fill in the corner line color, that is, fill in the "registration color", so that you are not afraid to fill in one color less, which is the most practical in the version with more than four colors. Finally, place color correction bars according to your own hobbies (not much to say here).

Don't forget words such as bite force, color and size.

What printing knowledge do you need to know as a graphic designer?

To do graphic design, we must know the process before, during and after printing. If you don't know the printing process, it will bring a lot of trouble to the process before printing, during printing and after printing, and even make it impossible to produce.

For example:

First, the problem of film bleeding, insufficient or excessive process bleeding will make the post-press process unable to produce qualified products. According to different products, the bleeding is generally 2-8 mm.

Second, double knife position: there are single knives and double knives (at least 3-4MM) between products, which one should be used? You must be familiar with beer mold technology to decide; Books and periodicals generally use 3MM bleeding is enough;

Third, printing overlapping colors, if the four colors are printed together, there is no problem in design and inkjet printing, but there are many difficulties in actual printing (too bottom to step on);

Four, surface treatment, thickness processing has its own process requirements, process discrepancy will have a great impact on product quality and production efficiency.

5. Printing knowledge that must be considered in graphic design

Pre-press operation refers to the preliminary work of printing process, including typesetting and imposition, color separation and scanning.

The importance of its work mainly lies in mastering the software used by the computer in prepress operation, being familiar with the basic workflow of printing technology and having good graphics and image processing ability. At present, there is a serious problem in prepress operation in China: prepress operators are basically not printing professionals; Students in printing colleges basically don't know much about prepress work.

This has caused a contradiction: how to deal with the combination of desktop system operation and printing professional technology. For designers who want to transfer from computer graphic design industry to prepress work, the first task is to master printing professional knowledge at all costs after contacting prepress work, otherwise it is very likely that they will not be able to carry out their work.

In order to help some designers who have just entered the prepress production industry, based on my previous personal work experience and experience, I briefly summarize some problems that beginners often encounter, hoping to play a certain role. First, written knowledge is a written symbol used to record and convey language.

Characters used in printing can be divided into types, fonts, font sizes, etc. 1. The fonts of domestic printing industry mainly include Chinese characters, foreign languages and ethnic languages.

Chinese characters are Song Ti, Kai Ti and Bold. Foreign characters can be divided into white body and bold body according to the thickness of the characters, or into normal body, italics, flowers and so on according to the appearance.

National languages refer to the languages used by some ethnic minorities, such as Mongolian, Tibetan, Mongolian and Korean. Song Ti: Song Ti is the most widely used font in the printing industry. According to the different shapes of characters, it can be divided into Shu Song and Bao Song.

Songti is a printing font, which originated from the Song Dynasty when block printing was popular. The font is square, the strokes are horizontal and vertical, the thickness is clear, the edges and corners are sharp, rigorous, neat and even, and the strokes are regular, which makes people feel comfortable and eye-catching when reading.

In modern printing, it is mainly used for the text of books and periodicals or newspapers. Regular script: Regular script, also called movable type, is a font that imitates writing habits. Its strokes are neat and even, and its shape is correct. Widely used in students' textbooks, popular books and notes.

Black body: Black body, also known as square body or isobaric line body, is a stout font with square literal shape, dignified font, horizontal and vertical strokes, and the handwriting is the same thickness, with eye-catching and tight structure. Bold is suitable for headlines or eye-catching notes or comments that need attention, because the font is too thick, so it is not suitable for typesetting text.

Imitation of Song Dynasty: Imitation of Song Dynasty is a relatively delicate and straight font, with Song structure and regular script strokes. The strokes are horizontal and vertical, and are often used for typesetting subtitles, short poems, comments and quotations. , also used for text typesetting in some reading materials. Artistic style: artistic style refers to some abnormal special printing fonts, which are generally used to beautify the layout.

The strokes and structures of fine arts are generally visualized, which are often used in the titles of book covers or pages. Properly used, it can effectively improve the artistic taste of printed matter. There are many kinds of this font, such as those in Ding Han and Wen Ding.

2. Font size is a measure to distinguish the size of characters. The point system is widely used in the world, while the number system is the main system in China, supplemented by the point system. The numbering system is based on several movable types which are not multiples of each other, and forms its own system according to the conversion relationship of doubling or halving, which is divided into four-character system, five-character system and six-character system.

The smaller the nominal number of font size, the larger the font size, for example, the fourth word is larger than the fifth word, and the fifth word is larger than the sixth word. The dot system, also known as the dot system (P), is measured by calculating the "dot" value of the shape of a word.

According to the printing industry standard, the size of each point of font size is equal to 0.35mm, and the error should not exceed 0.005 mm For example, if the number five is changed to dot system, it is equal to 10.5 point, which is 3.675 mm All foreign characters are calculated by points, and the size of each point is approximately equal to 1/72 inches, which is equal to 0.35/kloc-.

In addition to numbering system and dot system, font size is the size in traditional typesetting. In millimeters, it is called "grade (J or K)".

Each level is equal to 0.25mm, and 1mm is equal to 4 levels. The size of typesetting characters can generally be from 7 to 62 or from 7 to 100.

In computer phototypesetting system, dot system also has numbering system. When printing and typesetting, if you encounter characters marked with numbers, you must convert the numbers into series, so as to master the correct size of the characters.

The conversion relationship between number and sequence is:1j =1k = 0.25mm = 0.714 point (P) 1 point (P)=0.35mm= 1.4 level (j or K) 3. For example, when printing a book, we should pay attention to the size of the folio, the form of typesetting (horizontal or vertical), the font size of the text, the number of lines per page and the number of words per line, the gap between words, the number of columns and the number of words per column, the spacing between columns, the placement of page numbers and pages, the position and size of headers and footers, etc.

When typesetting, we should also pay attention to some rules that are not conducive to typesetting, such as leaving two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, not arranging punctuation marks such as period, comma, pause, semicolon, colon, question mark, exclamation point, lower quotation mark, lower bracket and lower title, and not arranging quotation marks, upper brackets, upper title and Chinese serial number at the end of the line, such as ① ② ③ and ② ③. Second, paper paper is one of the important contents that prepress workers need to pay attention to, which determines the wide range of printed matter.

1, composition of paper Paper is a kind of material made of plant fibers, fillers, rubber compounds, pigments and other components. The raw materials that make up paper mainly include straw, bamboo, cotton and linen, and available waste.

According to different raw materials, the properties of paper will be different. Filler is used to increase the flexibility of paper, reduce the transparency and flexibility of paper, and make the surface of paper smooth and uniform, such as talcum powder for general printing paper.

6. What is the most basic printing knowledge for graphic design?

First of all, you should know at least three kinds of graphic design software.

Second: you need to know the specifications and models of commonly used printing paper (such as positive and negative, irregular; Gram weight, coated paper, offset paper, special paper, etc. )

Third, understand the common cutting methods of printed paper (that is, printing size, which is inseparable from the production of documents and films)

Fourth, understand the post-press construction process and requirements.

Fifth: document production, imposition (including bleeding, mosaic printing plate; Distinguish printing sizes, such as folio, quarto, etc. )

Sixth: post-printing (including laminating, binding, special processes such as indentation, silver stamping, UV, etc. )

After that, you can almost produce a finished product and turn your design into reality. .

7. What printing knowledge should graphic designers learn?

If you want to be more professional, you must know printing knowledge.

Because the works designed by designers and printed products are very different in color and level. In addition, designers basically need to communicate with printing enterprises, and some printing processes also need to be understood.

So it is best to know the colors in the computer and the printed colors, and what is the relationship between them. Many graphic designers only know the color gamut mode of RGB, but they don't know much about other color gamuts.

In fact, printing uses the CMYK color gamut. If your work is done in RGB mode, it will be converted to CMYK mode when printing.

The direct conversion of RGB to CMYK will produce color difference. Some colors even appear serious color cast.

Therefore, the basic CMYK color gamut must be mastered, and the products used for printing should also try to use CMYK color gamut mode. The printed product will be closer to the ideal color in the designer's source file.

In addition, all kinds of commonly used printing processes must also be mastered and understood, such as what post-processing technologies do printing enterprises have? What impression do these crafts have on your work? What special effects can these processes produce and so on. For example, commonly used hot gold and silver, UV varnish, oil separation, peritoneum, punching, special ink printing, 3D raster printing and so on. Mastering these technical effects can make your work better and achieve better commercial results.

But color printing itself is a very complicated professional knowledge. So when you study, you should have a choice and choose what you need.

Not ordinary study.