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Classical Chinese and Common Sense of Classical Culture
Names are given by fathers or elders. Words have a meaningful connection with names.
Words are for the convenience of others. Courtesy and respect for peers or elders.
Number, also known as nickname and table number, is chosen by oneself to express some interest or express some emotion. Standing at the age of eight or thirty, standing at the age of forty, not confused, knowing the destiny, and being crowned as an adult. Nine, the number of years, remember the year of heavenly stems and earthly branches. Ten, the naming method of the collection. Native place: Liuhe Dongji Library: Strange Stories from a Lonely Studio. Inscription: Complete Works of Li Taibai, alias: Jia Xuan's long and short sentences. Posthumous title: Ouyang Wenzhong's Collection of Official Documents. Official post: Du Gongbu Collection. Famous people and events: Pangu opened the sky, Nu Wa made up the sky by refining stones, Jingwei reclaimed the sea, Fuxi invented gossip, and Kuafu chased the sun. 12. Monograph The Book of Songs: The First Book of Poetry: The First River Monograph Historical Records: The First Biography, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Zuo Zhuan: The First Book.
2. The good answer will be+common sense of ancient Chinese culture and customs. You search for common sense of ancient Chinese in Baidu Library, and there are many similar articles in it. Let's take a look at the common sense of China's ancient culture. Age appellation 0 1, infants: infants under one year old 02, children: children aged 2-3 03, crying: infants (also called "total angle") 04, cardamom:/kloc-women aged 0/3 05. The year of no doubt: forty years, the year of know life: fifty years (also known as "knowing destiny" and "half a hundred"), sixty years, 1 1, seventy years: seventy years, 12. Grade (1): big exam (also called "sub-exam"), county-level exam, children take part, and are admitted as "students" or "scholars". )
After obtaining the provincial examination (also known as "Qiu Wei"), students take the provincial examination and are accepted as "Juren". ) will try (also known as "Chunwei", the national examination, juren participated, and was admitted as "Gong Shi". )
Palace examination (national examination, the emperor's examiner, Gong participated, and was admitted as a "Jinshi". Among them, the first name is "No.1 Scholar", the second name is "No.1 Scholar" and the third name is "Exploring Flowers") (2) Content: Four Books and Five Classics, etc. And the article format is defined as "eight-part essay". 3) The main festival in ancient times (0 1) January: the first day of the first month, starting in one year.
(02) People's Day: the seventh day of the first month, master. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first month, lanterns are put on to watch a play, which is also called "Lantern Festival" (04) Social Day: around the vernal equinox, sacrifices are made to pray for farming.
(05) Cold food: Two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day, there was no fire for three days (Wu Zixu) (06) Tomb-Sweeping Day: At the beginning of April, the grave was visited for sacrifice. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: on the fifth day of May, eating zongzi and rowing dragon boats (Qu Yuan) (08) Tanabata: on the seventh day of July, women seek cleverness (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Central Plains: July 15th, offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods, also known as "Ghost Festival" (10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, enjoying the moon.
(13) twelfth lunar month: On the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drink Laba porridge (14). New Year's Eve: On the last night of the year, welcome the beginning of the new year. Fourth, the ancient punishment (0 1): torture: also known as "ink punishment", with words tattooed on the forehead and cheeks. (02) flogging: cutting off the nose (03) flogging: also known as "rod punishment", hitting the board (back, legs, buttocks) (04) flogging: cutting off the foot (He Shibei) (05) castration: also known as "putrefaction", cutting off the male genitals (. Official position problem 1, word (1) conferring official position: except worship (2) promotion: relocation (3) demotion: relocation to the left (4) removal of official position: strike (5) recruitment: requisition (6) six departments: (1) official department (appointment and removal of official position) ) (2) household department (local tax account, etc. ) (3) does not (imperial examination school, etc. (4) criminal department (judicial prison cases, etc. Ministry of war (army frontier defense, etc.). ) (6) Ministry of Industry (engineering construction, water conservancy, etc. (6) The end of every month is dark (the 30th day of the big month and the 29th day of the small month, and the first dark day is the end of the month); The first day of each month in the lunar calendar is the new moon.
2. The eldest is called uncle, the second is called zhong, the third is called uncle until the penultimate, and the youngest is called Ji.
3. Compulsory three classical Chinese key knowledge collation and ancient cultural common sense High school Chinese compulsory three classical Chinese knowledge induction "My country also" classical Chinese knowledge induction 1. Universal word 1. Straight, straight "only", however. )
If Wang knew this, there would be no hope to have more people than the neighboring countries. ) 3. The white man is not responsible for wearing it on the road. )
I don't know if I'm hungry. ) 2. Ancient and modern synonyms (1) I am in China (I was a monarch who claimed to be modest in ancient times.
Today is for lonely people. (2) Hanoi Meng (River, Yellow River, now generally refers to rivers.
Fierce, bad grain, today often refers to people who are impatient and heartless. Please use the metaphor of war (please, please allow me.
We often use each other today. For example, "please sit down" and let the other person sit down; "Please give guidance" to let the other party give guidance. )
(4) 70 people can eat meat (yes, "can" means "can" and "take" depends on it. Today it is often used to express agreement and approval. )
(5) Abandon armor and go (go, run, here refers to escape. Now it often refers to walking in general. )
6. Or take a hundred steps and stop (or, some people, indefinite pronouns. Now it is often used to choose the choice words in complex sentences.
All landowners people in the world, with strict (si, then, then.
Now it is often used in pronouns, when saying "this" and "this", such as "sven". (8) It is to make people healthy and not regret losing their lives (health, health; The common meaning today is to keep fit. )
Pet-name ruby king innocent (innocent, don't blame; Today, it usually means no crime. 3. This word is polysemous 1. Count the number of people who are willing to wear black clothes ("touching the dragon to show the queen Zhao") (noun, number, quantity) ② How many people in a family can live without hunger ("I am in the country") (number, number, number) ③ The number of winners and losers is the reason for survival. Envoys and foreign generals ("Chen She's family") (adverb, saying, repeating) ⑤ Countless Mianchi ("I am in the country") (adjective, cò, dense, fine) ⑤ Meng Chong hit the boat by thousands ("Battle of Red Cliffs") (verb, only sh incarnation, only) ⑤ refers to using charcoal to hit the bull's head. A hundred shots are fired (idiom) (verb, fire) 2. Relief for the victims) ④ Wild flowers are fragrant and beautiful (Zuiweng Pavilion) (verb, bloom); ⑤ The host forgot to go home, and the guests had to go their own way (pipa) (verb, start); ⑤ Dayan is also afraid of righteousness, so it is difficult for generate to make an unusual plan (tomb of five people) (verb, realization); ⑤ Anneng Qu Hao. Soldiers also ("I'm in the country") (noun, weapon) ② Militarism (idiom) (noun, war) ③ Chang 'an must be quality, and soldiers come out ("touching the dragon and talking about the queen Zhao") (noun, army) ④ All plants and trees are soldiers (idiom) (noun, soldier) 5. Win (1) donkey anger. Do) ③ This so-called victory over the imperial court (Zou Ji is ironic, Qi Wang) (adjective, victory) ④ Sunrise makes the river red and spring makes it blue (remembering Jiangnan) (verb, exceeding) ⑤ It is the victory of Guanfu Baling, but in Dongting Lake (Yueyang Tower) (adjective, beautiful) 6. In fact, there are more hopeless people. In) ④ Move its people to Hedong (preposition, arrive) ⑤ Move its millet to Hanoi (preposition, from) ⑤ What's the difference between stabbing people and killing people (preposition, and, and) 7. Wang ① is not Wang (verb, Wang, pronounced "Wang") ② Liang Ri (noun, Wang, pronounced "Wang") 8. The word "neng" here can also be regarded as synonymous with ancient and modern times. ③ Go to the mountain at any time (preposition, press) ④ Use the meaning of filial piety (preposition, handle) 9. Eat dogs and eat other people's food (nouns, food) without knowing it (syllable auxiliary words) or the word "Yu Zhi", for them) ④ I am for the country (structural auxiliary words, which play a role in soothing the tone) ⑤ I have no intention like me (structural auxiliary words, used between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of sentences) ⑤ I am an animal of chickens, dolphins and dogs (structural auxiliary words, mention)
4. Flexible use of parts of speech (1) flexible use of nouns 1. Nouns as verbs (drums, nouns as verbs, "drums", "drums". Say, not flexible, with original intention) ② The tree is mulberry (tree, noun as verb, "kind") ③ Fifty people can wear silk (clothes, noun as verb, "put on") ④ The king is innocent (sin, noun as verb, "blame") ⑤ However, there is no king (king, noun as verb, "king is king". Death: the deceased) 2. The causative usage of verbs, its people move to the east of the river, and its millet moves to Hanoi (shifting, shifting, causative usage) (3) The adjective is 1. Adjectives as verbs teach people not to mess around (treat adjectives as verbs sincerely, "do it seriously" and "do a good job seriously") 5.
(... and, judging from the table) also (... and judging from the table) is to make people healthy and die without regrets (... and judging from the table) (2) keep in good health and die without regrets, and the beginning of kingly way is also (..., ... and table.
4. Summary of common sense knowledge points of classical Chinese style
1. Theory is a genre of ancient prose. From the content point of view, style can describe things, explain things and make comments; Most of them are about one thing and a discussion, which requires the author's profound views on a certain problem. This kind of "theory", its narration and discussion are all to show the author's views on a certain problem or phenomenon in social life. Essentially, it belongs to a style of argumentative writing, which is similar to modern essays or essays. In junior high school, I learned Ma Shuo, speaking and borrowing books.
Table is a special style in ancient China. In ancient times, courtiers wrote letters to the monarch with various names. The Warring States period was collectively referred to as "book", and "book" was the general name of letters and opinions. In the Han dynasty, this writing method was divided into four subcategories: chapter, performance, speech and discussion. Liu Xie wrote in Wen Xin Diao Long. The chapter table reads: "Zhang Xie-en, with scattered play, expression, discussion of differences." It can be seen that the main function of table is to express the loyalty and hope of courtiers to the monarch, and "moving with emotion" is a basic feature of this style. In addition, this style also has its own special format, such as saying "what did I say" at the beginning, and often saying "I'm afraid, I nod my head and die" at the end. Our junior high school textbooks choose examples from Zhuge Liang's "Teacher's Watch", that is, "Table".
3. Preface, also called "preface", "preface" and "introduction", is an article placed before a book or text. In ancient times, another kind of preface was farewell speech, which was called "the preface of giving words", and its content was mostly words of praise, emphasis or encouragement to the relatives and friends given. For example, Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Dongyang is a gift preface written by the author to his hometown. There is also a preface written in front of a poem, called "preface to a poem", which tells more about the content of the story or the source of the poem, such as Su Shi's Mink Head. "When is the bright moon?" was ordered: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk, drunk, writing this article, pregnant." This preface explains the origin and process of lyrics.
4. It became a style to engrave ancient words on articles to warn yourself or state achievements. Generally, rhyme is used, the form is short, the text is concise, and the content contains praise and warning. What we have learned is Liu Yuxi's Humble Room Inscription.
5. Documentary is an ancient prose genre. "Remember" in classical Chinese is equivalent to the form of "remember" in modern Chinese. For example, Little Stone Pond is Little Stone Pond, which describes the whereabouts and scenery of Little Stone Pond. Most of these articles are travel notes, which are prose genres used to describe travel experiences, political life, social features, customs, mountains and rivers, and places of interest. Followed by some ordinary narrative prose or "miscellaneous notes" (including such as "Peach"
Preface to Hua Yuan Ji). In addition to the above two articles, we also studied Yueyang Tower, Zuiweng Pavilion, Man Jing's Travels and Nuclear Ship.
6. Pass an article about your life. Generally speaking, most of them describe the life stories of people who are more influential and outstanding in history. Narration, description and other methods are often used to express the life style of characters. This style is used in history books. Generally written by others, such as Zhang Hengchuan. , but also write their own biographies, such as Tao Yuanming's biography of Mr.
7. Books are letters, and letters of the ancients were also called "books" or "letters". They are an applied style. They record many things and express their feelings. The literary functions of Yi Yu are varied: it can express feelings, such as Sima Qian's Letter from Renan and Lin Juemin's Letter from His Wife; You can also write landscapes, such as Wu Jun's "With Zhu Yishu"; You can write personal events and feelings, such as Ji Kang's Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan. You can also pay homage to dignitaries, encourage later learning, and form a unique tradition of calligraphy and prose. These letters are beautifully laid out and of high quality.
5. Common sense of ancient culture 1, panting, we brush Orion and pass by Jingxing's "Difficult Road to Shu"
It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening. Give Chu Shi eight guards.
Things are different, and the dragon light shoots the bull's eye.
Far away, Altair, Hehan girl.
Day and night are as cool as water, lying and watching cowherd and weaver girl.
Huang Tingjian's "Song of 28 Nights without Complaints": The tiger stripped the article to solve the problem, and the food could not be swallowed. The roots of medicinal materials were dug up, and honey insects took the house and were hungry. If you have the will, you will die smart, but what you say is not as good as the tortoise dragging its tail. Wei Ping is outspoken, and bucket handle will be the ambassador. The fox's armpit is the same as the cow's clothes, and no woman is alone in the high hill. It's a real disaster to praise people in vain, and it's dangerous for me to be tired of chess. The room is filled with condensed dust, and the four walls can see the world. Wei Xiao's hoof is fattening, and Lou Pig loves it. Fill your intestines into your stomach, and you will know each other, and in the end you will not doubt it. Since ancient times, Huang Jintai has had a life, and Pei Jun has been waiting for a word. The moon does not participate in cross pity, and the autumn wind falls into the golden well. Half of my old friends are in ghost records, and willow branches give you a horse policy. At the age of 30, Yan Xing looked back at Sheng De, and Zhang Gong shot at Wu Luo with great strength. There is no enami on Bai Ou's wings. It's no use killing you through the back door.
On duty 28 nights, rain or shine:
Spring:
The wall of the virtual danger room is rainy. If Kuixing is sunny, windy and freezing, the well is warm and sunny, the well is dark, easy to clear, rainy in two stars, or windy and sandy, stormy at the tail of the house, and rainy in the skip.
Summer:
The wall of the virtual danger room is half cloudy and half sunny. It rained in Kuilou's stomach for two nights. It rained for two nights and was cloudy for two nights. Is it sunny or rainy for Liu Xingqing, the ghost of the well? Zhang Xingyi is inscrutable again, and it is sunny for the two-star sun around the corner. It rained in the room for two nights, and it was still raining at the end of my heart. Bullfighting girl meets fine weather.
Autumn:
The wall of the virtual danger room is thundering, and the belly of Kuilou is full of rain and dew. It's okay to go to the well for rain and shine, and it's okay for ghost Liu Yun to open a guest. There is no rain in the sky, and there is wind and rain in the corner of the room. There must be rain at the end of the room, which is rainy for the matador.
Winter:
The wall of the virtual danger room is rainy. If you meet Kuixing, it will be sunny, it will freeze if it rains, and it will be sunny when it is over. It's sunny after sitting for two nights, and yellow after sitting for two nights. The sharpening willow nebula will erupt, with cold wind, cold rain and severe frost. The wind and rain in Zhangyi will be sunny again, and it will be sunny when it rains at night. There will be wind and sand.
Guyi
(Tang) Meng Jiao
Weaver girl by the river, cowherd by the river
Don't cross shallow water, look at each other from a distance.
The magpie fairy of Qin Guan
Thin clouds are clever, flying stars spread grievances, and yinhan sneaked into Chen Cang. On the seventh day of autumn dew and autumn, it is time to meet, mostly those who are together in the world, but the appearance of husband and wife.
Common complaint against acacia, tender feelings like water, meet each other as if it were a dream, when it is hard to see the bridge. If the relationship between two people is long-lasting, it is still a matter of time.
2. The third song of Tang Li Bai's "Traveling to Mount Tai": "Go to Japan and raise your hand to open the clouds."
Biography of Sima Yi in Historical Records: "I made an appointment with Zhuang Jia to meet a Japanese army."
"Peacock flies southeast" has "After dusk, lonely people will settle down."
Liu Changqing's Lord of Furong Mountain in the Snow: "The setting sun is far away, cold and white."
Lu You's November 4th Storm: "Sleeping in a lonely village is not self-mourning, but thinking about protecting your family. Lying at night listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse glacier dream. "
"The Analects of Confucius": "People in late spring, spring clothing achievements, five or six top scholars, six or seven boys. Bathing is almost a deduction, and the wind is dancing and singing. "
Li Bai's poem "I don't feel the account stove": "Leave hate to return to the third spring, and the ceremony is in October."
Liu Yong's View of the Sea emphasizes the beauty of lakes and mountains. There are Sanqiu cassia seed and Shili Lotus.
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