Common propagation methods of jujube trees are as follows

Baidu's, I hope it will help you. Spring is a good season for jujube breeding. Jujube tree reproduction includes sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Asexual propagation can keep the characteristics of the original variety and is adopted in production. Several asexual propagation methods commonly used in production are introduced as follows: grafting propagation method 1. Rootstock cultivation 1. Rootstock cultivation includes three ways: tillering seedling, ditching seedling and returning seedling. Stubble cultivation: Stubble cultivation is a method to obtain seedlings by using the roots and tillers that naturally sprout around jujube trees in the original jujube orchard. The advantage of this method is simple and easy to operate, but there are few seedlings, irregular seedlings, poor root development, few fine roots and low planting survival rate. Trenching and root cutting cultivation method: This method is a method to dig trenches and cut roots around jujube trees to promote the germination of roots and tillers by making use of the characteristics that the roots of jujube trees are more likely to produce tillers when they are injured. The advantages of this method are high emergence rate and high seedling quality. The specific method is as follows: before the jujube tree germinates in spring, dig an annular groove with a depth of 40-50 cm and a width of 30-40 cm around the crown 3-5 meters away from the trunk, or dig a strip groove along the jujube line to cut off the fine roots with a diameter less than 2 cm. The section of the root should be flat. Then fill in loose wet soil and cover all the broken roots to facilitate wound healing and produce rootstock seedlings. When the tillers grow to 20 ~ 30 cm, they become weak and remain vigorous, leaving 1 or 2 plants per cluster. Returning to the nursery for seedling raising: This method is a seedling raising method of transplanting scattered natural root tillers in the field or root tillers produced after ditching to the nursery for continuous cultivation and returning to the nursery after reaching the quality standard of seedlings. Because the seedlings are transplanted once, this method is also called secondary seedling raising. The advantages are convenient management, neat seedlings, developed roots and high survival rate after leaving the nursery. Nursery land should choose plots with loose soil, strong fertility, soil salt content not exceeding 0.2% and good irrigation and drainage conditions. The plant spacing is generally 12×60 cm, so water it in time after planting. In addition, topdressing, intertillage weeding and tillering should be timely. Generally, it can be cultivated in nursery 1 ~ 2 years. 2. Seed cultivation. The rootstocks of jujube mainly include jujube rootstock (that is, jujube seedling or root tiller seedling), jujube and copper tree in the south. Jujube rootstock is the best, but because there are few jujube seeds, the quality of rootstock seedlings needs secondary nursery cultivation, while copper trees are only available in the south, so jujube is the most common rootstock, so the cultivation method of jujube rootstock is introduced. After the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba are collected, stacked, soaked and pulped to obtain seed cores, there are two treatment methods before planting: one is called water immersion treatment, that is, after the seeds are taken out by a sheller, the seeds are soaked in warm water to promote their germination. The other is called sand storage treatment, also called low temperature stratification treatment. This is a method of treating seeds with wet sand in winter. The stratification treatment time is generally 1 1 ~ 12, and the seeds are sown in March to April of the following year. Plastic film mulching is often used to raise seedlings in production. The method is to make the nursery into a border in March and April, with a width of 70-80 cm and a ridge width of 30 cm. The border can also be made into wide and narrow lines, with a wide line spacing of 70 ~ 80 cm and a narrow line spacing of 30 ~ 40 cm. Sow two rows in each border, with a row spacing of 30 ~ 40 cm and a plant spacing of 5 cm. Ditch sowing or hole sowing can be used, with a depth of 2 cm and 2 ~ 3 seeds per hole. After covering the soil, cover the frame with plastic film and press it with soil around. In order to control pests and weeds, 50 times of 25% herbicide diethyl ether or 25% diflubenzuron wettable powder can be sprayed on the border before sealing the film, and insect-resistant particles can be sprinkled outside the film. After the seedlings are unearthed, they should be cut off in time and released. When the seedling height is about 10 cm, the seedlings should be fixed and supplemented. Generally, one seedling should be left in each hole. Before entering the rainy season, watering, intertillage weeding, topdressing and pest control should be carried out. 2. Grafting 1. Collection and treatment of scions. Harvesting should be carried out in the nursery of improved varieties or in the trees of improved varieties with strong production. The first branch or the second branch of a vigorous 1 ~ 3-year-old jujube tree was selected as a branch grafting scion. Jujube trees in Cangzhou, Hebei Province are generally combined with winter shears, and scions are collected before germination. Scions used for bud grafting should be used as they are picked, and secondary branches and leaves should be cut off after picking to reduce water evaporation. When transporting scions, they should be packed in straw bags or wet sacks, and attention should be paid to keeping them moist and warm during transportation. Spare scions need to cut jujube branches collected during dormancy into branches according to single or double buds. Dissolve paraffin in a container, and quickly immerse the scions in the melted paraffin solution one by one. When used in large quantities, the scion is dipped in paraffin solution at high speed, and then spread out quickly, that is, the scion is sealed with wax. The suitable wax temperature is 90℃ ~ 105℃. If the temperature is too high, the scion will be scalded; If the wax temperature is too low, the wax layer will be too thick and easy to peel off. The scion dipped in wax can be put into a paper box or plastic bag, stored in a freezer or refrigerator at 0℃ ~ 5℃, and taken out for grafting before spring grafting. 2. Grafting method. The grafting methods of jujube trees include split grafting, cut grafting and skin grafting. , usually when the sap is flowing (about early April). See figure 1, figure 2, figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5 for the operation flow. Three, jujube tree grafting management, to check the survival rate in time, found that the problem in a timely manner. The survival of grafting mainly depends on whether it germinates and whether the scion is bright in color. If it is found that the scion has obvious water loss and wrinkled skin or wilting after germination, it means that grafting has failed and should be grafted again. Be cute. Jujube seedlings grow fast and are easily broken from joints when encountering strong winds. When the jujube seedlings grow to about 30 cm, erect columns to tie the seedlings, and at the same time remove the plastic strips or other bundles at the joints. Strengthen fertilizer and water management and pest control. Full-light spray cutting propagation is a modern seedling-raising technology which uses full-light spray equipment and facilities to provide moisture for cuttings by intermittent spraying, adjust the temperature and humidity of sand bed and air, and make cuttings propagate into seedlings under full-light conditions in the open air. The specific method is as follows: First, build a grooving bed (also called a grooving pool). Choose a place with leeward, sunny, high and clean terrain and convenient water and electricity, build a circular slotted bed with a height of 50 cm, a diameter of 12 m and an area of13 m2, and leave a square exhaust hole of 10 cm at the bottom of the surrounding wall every 2 m.. The bottom of the bed is paved with 20cm coarse stones. In order to facilitate cutting and management, a layer of brick is placed every1~1.5m. The middle of the cutting pool is of brick-concrete structure, and the equipment base is equipped with a double long-arm self-pressure rotary scanning spray device and a self-control HL ~ⅲ leaf moisture controller produced by Chinese Academy of Forestry. Secondly, to choose a good seedling raising period, it can generally be carried out from mid-May to mid-August every year. Third, we must strictly operate the rules. 1 ~ 2 days before cutting, disinfect the whole bed surface with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 0. 1% formalin, about 4 kg of liquid medicine per square meter, and rinse it with clear water after 2 ~ 3 hours. Before cutting, take cuttings from cutting seedlings or young mother trees, the cuttings are primary or permanent secondary branches of jujube trees, and the leaf length is 14 ~ 16 cm. After picking, put it in a bucket to prevent the cuttings from losing water. The best time for picking is 8 o'clock in the morning. Before cutting, remove 3-5 cm leaves from the base of cuttings, leave 3-5 leaves on the upper part, cut flat at the top 0.5 cm away from the bud, cut the lower part into horse ears, then bundle every 50 cuttings and put them in clear water for later use. When cutting, the prepared cuttings are soaked in 800 times of carbendazim aqueous solution for 5 minutes, and then soaked in 500ppm of IBA or ABT rooting powder aqueous solution for 5- 10 seconds before transplanting. The cutting density is generally 5×5 cm and the depth is 4-6 cm. Immediately after cutting, start the spraying device. The initial spraying amount is large and the interval time is short. It can be adjusted to spray once every half hour for about 20 seconds, with less spraying in the middle period and water control in the later period. In order to prevent cuttings from rotting and improve rooting ability, spraying 5% carbendazim solution 1000 times every week, and spraying 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every two weeks. Generally, after 10 days, rooting callus began to appear at the base of cuttings, and began to take root after two weeks, reaching the peak of rooting in 20 days, and the rooting rate was above 9 1% after 30 days. Then continue to temper the seedlings in the seedbed for 5 ~ 10 days, and then get out of bed and transplant. Cutting propagation in greenhouse This is a method to build a seedbed in greenhouse and use the temperature and humidity conditions in protected areas to carry out cutting propagation. Seedbeds are built in greenhouses or sheds and made of bricks. The bed surface is composed of 15cm matrix, fine sand and furnace ash in the ratio of 1: 1. It can also be made of pure fine sand or pure sand. Spray disinfection with 0. 1% carbendazim or 0.2% potassium permanganate solution before cutting. The cutting time and treatment method are basically the same as that of full light spray cutting seedling raising, but the substrate temperature of seedbed must be kept within the daily average temperature 19℃ ~ 30℃. The indoor humidity in the shed should be kept above 90%. The rooting rate of general cuttings is 75% ~ 95%. Cutting seedling in small arch shed is a simple and feasible cutting seedling technology invented in recent years, which is used to propagate excellent jujube varieties. This method of raising seedlings is to set up a shed in the yard or field with leeward, sunny, good drainage and sufficient water. The height of the shed is 60 ~ 80 cm, and beds are inserted in the shed. Generally, the bed width is 1.2 ~ 1.4 m, and the depth is 25 ~ 30 cm. The bed length depends on the needs. Clean river sand is laid at the bottom of the river bed, with a thickness of about 1.5 ~ 20 cm. A number of arched steel frames or bamboo frames are horizontally inserted on the bed surface, and they are covered in a greenhouse with plastic every 30-40 cm, and the two sides are pressed with bricks, which can be opened and closed. 1 ~ 2 plastic pipe with a diameter of 2 ~ 4 cm is introduced into the shed and hung on the arch. 1 nozzles are installed on the pipeline every 30 ~ 40 cm, and water is sprayed by tap water or power pump. You don't need to uncover the film when spraying water, just uncover the film and check it. In order to manage and adjust the temperature conveniently, generally, a sunshade frame with a height of1.7 ~ 2m is erected on the small arch shed, which is a long cube with a sunshade net or reed curtain to adjust the light and temperature in the small arch shed.