Geographical environment of Taishan National Forest Park

Mount Tai has a long human history and rich cultural heritage. From 40,000 to 50,000 years ago in the Paleolithic Age

From the Neolithic Age to the Neolithic Age, there are traces of human activities around Mount Tai. These archaeological excavations and scientific identification of ancient cultural remains show that Mount Tai is an important birthplace of the long-standing civilization of the Chinese nation, and it is honored as the sacred mountain of China. About 50,000 to 60,000 years ago, people began to worship Mount Tai. China people's worship of mountains, the most representative is the worship of Mount Tai. According to ancient documents, there were 72 emperors who visited Mount Tai in the pre-Qin period to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth. Qin Shihuang, Qin Ershi and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also came here to hold amenorrhea ceremonies. From the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the Kanggan period of the Qing Dynasty, the status of Mount Tai was promoted to an unbounded realm. This Zen worship activity lasted for thousands of years in Mount Tai, running through the whole feudal society of China. With the popularity of the Five Elements Theory, Mount Tai was named Dongyue and was honored as the head of the Five Mountains. Mount Tai attracted a large number of literati in the past dynasties, leaving many immortal masterpieces and calligraphy Mo Bao. Taoist figures have been active in Taishan area since the Han and Wei Dynasties. During the Tang, Song, Yuan and Qing Dynasties, Taoism in Taishan developed greatly and gradually became brilliant. In the middle of the 4th century, Buddhism was introduced into Mount Tai. In 35 1 year, a temple was founded in Mount Tai. Someone in the Northern Qi Dynasty carved the Diamond Sutra in the Stone Valley.

Mount Tai is one of the cradles of ancient culture in the Yellow River Basin. The Dafenkou culture at the southern foot of Mount Tai and the Longshan culture at the northern foot are evidence. Earlier, there were fossils of Xintai people 50 thousand years ago and Yiyuan people 400 thousand years ago. During the Warring States period, the Great Wall, about 500 kilometers long, was built along Mount Tai to the Yellow Sea, and the site still exists today. Mount Tai's scenic spots related to Confucius activities include Confucius Landing Place, WangWuKuJi Square, Confucius Little World, Confucius Temple, Zhan Lu Terrace, Huqiugou and so on. Mount Tai is a sacred mountain range and cultural treasure house, with the reputation of "the first of the five mountains" and "the exclusive respect of the five mountains". It is a symbol of political power and becomes a sacred mountain. At the beginning of the ancient emperor's accession to the throne, at the age of Taiping, he often came to Mount Tai to hold a amenorrhea ceremony to worship heaven and earth. Accompanied by the emperor's meditation activities and magnificent scenery, cultural celebrities of past dynasties flocked to Mount Tai to compose poems, leaving thousands of poems and stone carvings. For example, Confucius' Autumn Lingge, Sima Qian's Menopause, Cao Zhi's Flying Dragon, Li Bai's Poem on Mount Tai, and Du Fu's Wang Yue have all become China's classics. The murals of the Song Dynasty in Tian Li Hall and the painted Luohan statues in Lingyan Temple are rare treasures. Mount Tai's stone carvings and inscriptions are masterpieces of China's calligraphy art, and all kinds of authentic cursive seal cutting have arrived from Yan, Liu, Europe and Zhao. They are the exhibition halls of China's calligraphy and stone carving. Mount Tai is rich in cultural heritage, with 97 existing ancient sites and 22 ancient buildings, which provides physical materials for studying the history of ancient architecture in China. As early as the end of 19, geologists at home and abroad paid attention to it, and J.Bergeren( 189

9), H.Monko( 1903), C.Airaghi( 1902) and others have described some trilobite fossils in their Cambrian strata. 1903, American geologists B.Willis and E.Blackweider investigated profiles in Zhang Xia and Gushan, collected fossils and preliminarily divided the strata. Their research results were published in 1907, which divided Zhang Xia and Gushan areas. American paleontologists Bi Ke Tuo (19 13), Japanese Endo Ryuji (1939) and Kobayashi Shinichi (194 1, 1942, l955) have all studied it. Professor Yuntao Sun, a famous geologist in China, has studied the Cambrian in Zhang Xia and Gushan for more than 20 years since 1923, and divided the Cambrian strata.

During the period of 1953, Professor Lu and Professor Dong Nanting re-observed the Cambrian section in Hegushan. The most important thing is to divide the steamed bread shale drawn by B. Willis and E. Blackwell into steamed bread formation, Maozhuang formation and Xuzhuang formation from bottom to top, put the first two groups in the Lower Cambrian, put the latter group in the Middle Cambrian, and then stir-fry Midian limestone. During the period of 1959, the Cambrian stratigraphic section in Zhangxia, located on the north side of Mount Tai, was officially designated as the standard section of Cambrian in North China at the National Stratigraphic Conference. 1958- 196 1 year, Beijing Institute of Geology conducted a regional survey of1:200,000 in Taishan area, and named Taishan metamorphic rocks as Archean Taishan Group, which was divided into Wanshanzhuang Formation, Yanlingguan Formation and Shancaoyu Formation from bottom to top.

1960- 1962, Team 805 of Shandong Geological Bureau conducted 231∶ 50,000 regional surveys, including the remaining area in southern Tai 'an. 1963- 1965, Team 805 of Shandong Geological Bureau adjusted the area of1∶ 50,000 Tai 'an Sheet, which was called Taishan metamorphic rock Taishan complex, and it was divided into five rock formations: Wang Fushan, Fushiyu, Tangjiazhuang, Yujiazhuang and Fengjiayu. At the same time, Cheng of the Academy of Geological Sciences and Zheng Liangzhi and Zhang of Team 805 of Shandong Geological Bureau carried out special research on metamorphic rocks, established the sequences of Yanlingguan Formation and Shancaoyu Formation, restored the original rocks, and conducted petrological research on metamorphic rocks.

After 1978, the geological research of Mount Tai has entered a stage of in-depth development with special research as the mainstay. The protection, management, development and construction of Mount Tai have been greatly strengthened, and the face of Mount Tai has undergone great changes. From 65438 to 0980, Ying researcher made a special study on Taishan metamorphic rocks and published a monograph "Taishan Complex". 198 1- 1984, Professor Lu of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology made a special study on the formation of Mount Tai and published the article "The Formation and Times of Mount Tai".

1982- 1985, Zheng Liangzhi, Wang Shijin, etc. Shandong Dispatching Team made a special study on Taishan Group in western Shandong, and established Liuhang Formation, which was placed on Yanlingguan Formation and Shancaoyu Formation. 1982- 1987, Ma Yunshun and Zhai Yingchuan, the first geological team of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, made a special study on the ore-bearing property of Archean greenstone belt in western Shandong. 1982- 1984, Zhao Shiying and others made a special study on the "barrel structure" in Hong Men, Taishan, and published a paper "Discussion on the Causes of the" barrel structure "in Hong Men, Taishan". 1982- 1985, Master Zhu Zhenhua of the Academy of Geological Sciences filled in the geological map of1∶ 25,000 in front of Mount Tai, completed his master's thesis and published the paper "Petrochemical and Geochemical Characteristics of Archean Magmatic Complex in Mount Tai". 1983- 1986, Jiang Boming of Rennes University, Shen of Academy of Geological Sciences and Dong of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Minerals made a special study on the Archean crustal evolution of China, and considered that most of the Taishan complex was metamorphic intrusive rock (gray gneiss), which was called gneiss, and obtained a lot of geochemical and isotopic age data. 1986- 1987 Xie Ning Middle School of Peking University conducted a comprehensive investigation, evaluation, protection and utilization of Taishan scenic resources.

1986- 1990, Wang Shijin of Shandong Dispatching Team conducted1:200,000 Taian and Xintai surveys. At the same time, Xu Huifen of the Academy of Geological Sciences and Dong of Shandong Geological Team 1 conducted a special study on Archean greenstone belts and Archean strata in western Shandong, systematically summarized the distribution, sequence and metamorphism of Taishan Group, and published a monograph. 1987 UNESCO listed Mount Tai as a world natural and cultural heritage, and its status and influence have undergone historic changes. 1989- 1990 Professor Lu of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology made a special study on the gravity sliding structure around Mount Tai, and published the paper "Discovery of the sliding structure on the unconformity surface between Archean and Paleozoic around Mount Tai". 65438-0990 Dong, the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, published a paper entitled Geochemical Characteristics of Archean Complex in Taishan Area. 1990- 1993, Cao et al. of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published the monograph "Early Precambrian Geology in Luxi".

1993- 1996, Institute of Geology, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, Shandong No.1 Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration conducted a1:50,000 regional geological survey in Tai 'an City. 1994- 1995 Professor Lu made a special study on the neotectonic movement of Mount Tai, published the article Neotectonic Movement and the Formation and Geomorphology of Mount Tai at Present, summarized the geology and geomorphology of Mount Tai, and wrote the Complete Works of Geology and Geomorphology of Mount Tai. 1995 The First Geological Brigade of Zhuang and Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of the Academy of Geological Sciences published a paper "New Progress in the Study of Neoarchean-Proterozoic Crustal Evolution in Taishan Area". 1997 Zhuang of the Academy of Geological Sciences, Ren Zhikang of the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources and others published a paper entitled "Major Geological Events and Crustal Evolution of Early Precambrian in Taishan Area" in the Journal of Petrology. During the period of 1998, Lu Fatang and others from the Geological Survey Institute of Shandong Geological Survey Bureau published a paper entitled "Geological Characteristics and Rare Earth Geochemical Evolution of Late Archean" Frame Intrusive Rocks in Taishan Area "based on their research results.

1999 Wang Xinshe of Geological Research Institute and Ren Zhikang of the First Geological Brigade of Shandong Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources published a paper "Significance of Late Archean ductile shear in continental crust evolution in Taishan area". In 2000, Zhang Mingli, Institute of Geomechanics, Academy of Geological Sciences, published a paper entitled Cenozoic Tectonic Movement and the Formation of Mount Tai.

In 2002-2003, Professor Lu of Shandong University of Science and Technology and Professor of Taishan Scenic Area Management Committee conducted a special study on the geological and geomorphological characteristics and geological value evaluation of Taishan, and published a paper entitled "Geological Value and Significance of Taishan". In September 2004, China Geo University made a two-week investigation on the construction conditions, geological relics and resources of the proposed Taishan World Geopark in China. Now it continues to grow at a rate of 0.5 mm per year. The magnificent sea in the east and the Yellow River with a long history in the west are superior to Qilu. For thousands of years, it has been the political, economic and cultural center of the East. Mount Tai has profound cultural connotations. Its ancient buildings are mainly in Ming and Qing dynasties, integrating architecture, painting, sculpture, rocks and trees. It is a great and solemn symbol of oriental civilization. For thousands of years, Mount Tai has become a sacred mountain for emperors to worship heaven. With the meditation of the emperor, Mount Tai was deified, thus enjoying the title of "the length of five mountains". Two schools of Buddhism and Taoism, scholars and celebrities came in droves, leaving many places of interest in Mount Tai and Tai 'an. Taoism calls it the second cave heaven, and calls its Yue God the king of heaven and qi. The natural landscape of Mount Tai is majestic and tall. Because of the infiltration and rendering of spiritual culture and the contrast of human landscape for thousands of years, it is known as the "head of the five mountains". It is the epitome of the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation and has now become a precious heritage of the world.