Longsheng County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province is located in which city and district.

Location: Longsheng County, Guilin City, Guangxi Province

Longsheng was called Sangjiang in ancient times, which belonged to Qianzhong County in the Qin Dynasty and Wuling County in the Western Han Dynasty; From Jin to Sui, it belonged to Shi 'an County (the county ruled Guilin); In the second year of Tang Longshuo (AD 662), lingchuan county was established, and Longsheng belonged to lingchuan county. Five Dynasties later, in the eighth year of Jin Tianfu (AD 943), it was located in Yining County, and Longsheng belonged to Yining County, extending to the Ming Dynasty. In the sixth year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1741), the "Longsheng Limiao Sub-government" (also known as Longsheng Hall) was established, directly under Guilin House. In the first year of the Republic of China (AD 1921), "Longsheng Hall" was changed to "Longsheng County". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was still called "Longsheng County", belonging to the Guilin area. On August 19, 1951, regional autonomy was implemented and renamed as "Longsheng United Autonomous Region (county level)". In September 1955, it was renamed as "Longsheng United Autonomous County" and in December 1956, it was the first ethnic autonomous county established in central and southern China.

Longsheng Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guangxi and the northwest of Guilin, bounded by 19 43 ′ 28 ″-11 21 ′ 14 ″ east longitude and 25 29 ′-26 12 ′ north latitude, bordering Xing 'an and Ziyuan in the east, Lingchuan and Lingui in the south, Rong 'an and Sanjiang in the west and Sanjiang in the north. The county has a maximum vertical distance of 78km from north to south and a maximum horizontal distance of 6km from east to west, with a total area of 2,538km. There are five ethnic groups, namely Miao, Yao, Dong, Zhuang and Han, which govern seven townships and three towns, 119 administrative villages and 1,469 villagers' groups, with a total population of 167,, including 128,8 ethnic minorities, accounting for 77.22% of the total population. The natural population growth rate is .58‰ and the planned fertility rate is 99.18%. The county seat is 88 kilometers away from Guilin, and it is one of the major tourist counties in the Greater Guilin tourism circle. The national highway 321 from Guangzhou to Chengdu passes through Longsheng, which is the throat and material distribution center for southwest Hunan, southeast Guizhou and Sichuan to enter Guangxi. The whole territory is mountainous, which is a typical mountainous county with nine mountains, half water and half farmland. The average elevation is 7-8 meters, the annual average temperature is 18.1℃, the annual frost-free period is 317 days, the annual average precipitation is 1544 mm, and there is no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. It belongs to subtropical monsoon climate and is rich in forest and mineral resources.

There are 15 complete primary schools, 198 teaching points and 18,899 students in the county. There are 14 junior high schools with 8577 junior high school students; 1 ordinary high school with 734 students; 1 secondary vocational and technical school; There is a talent training center, a teacher training school, 2,31 in-service teachers and 1,869 formal teachers.

there are 16 national medical and health institutions in the county, including 6 directly under the county, with 247 inpatient beds, 473 cadres and workers, 387 technicians, 29 with bachelor's degree, 65 with junior college degree and 268 with technical secondary school degree. There are 4 senior titles and 171 intermediate titles.

there are 4,394 natural science and technology personnel in the county, including 17 with senior titles, 1,397 with intermediate titles and 2,89 with junior titles. At present, there are 21 science and technology demonstration bases, 33 science and technology demonstration villages and 2,416 science and technology demonstration households. In 1999, 11 science and technology demonstration projects were implemented, more than 3 training courses were held, and 11 popular science lectures were held. More than 43,5 people received various forms of science and technology training, and 1,255 people obtained "green certificates".

the county has an area of 198, mu of cultivated land, including 12, mu of paddy fields, 96, mu of dry land and 12, mu of barren hills and slopes. The county's agricultural population is 145,, and the per capita cultivated land area is 1.36 mu, of which the per capita paddy field area is .7 mu. In 1999, the grain output reached 6,6 tons, and the total fruit area was 53,76 mu. The main fruits were citrus, pear, chestnut, persimmon and ginkgo. There are more than 3, large livestock, 57, poultry are released annually, and the total meat output reaches 8,233 tons. The county has a total power of 49,519 kilowatts of agricultural machinery; The installed capacity of hydropower is 21,8 kilowatts; Export 15, tons of sliding stones and powder annually, and earn 2 million dollars in foreign exchange.

in p>1999, the county's GDP was 644 million yuan, up 6.6% over the previous year, of which the primary industry was 296 million yuan, up 3.5%. The secondary industry was 16 million yuan, an increase of 9.1%; The tertiary industry was 187 million yuan, up by 9.3%, the investment in fixed assets was 176 million yuan, up by 3.58%, the fiscal revenue at this level was 44.2 million yuan, 82% of the administrative villages were open to traffic, and radio and television coverage was realized in every village. Digital program-controlled telephones covered the whole county

Geographical location

Longsheng Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, at the border of Xianggui at the southwest foot of Yuechengling Mountains. Bound at 19 east longitude. 43。 To 11. 21', north latitude 25. 29' to 26. Between 12'. Xing 'an and Ziyuan counties in the east, Lingchuan and Lingui counties in the south, Rongan and Sanjiang counties in the southwest, Chengbu in Hunan Province in the north and Tongdao County in Hunan Province in the northwest. It covers an area of 2,538 square kilometers.

Longsheng Town, the county seat, is 371km away from Nanning, the capital of the autonomous region, with a highway mileage of 531km. It is 63 kilometers away from Guilin in a straight line, and the highway mileage is 87 kilometers.

Historical evolution

Longsheng was called Sangjiang in ancient times, and Ying Zheng, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, was the jurisdiction of Guilin County in thirty-three years. From the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Yining County. During the reign of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, it was directly under the jurisdiction of Sangjiang Division. In the sixth year of Qianlong, after the Qing government suppressed the peasant uprising led by Dong Wu Jinyin, it was changed to "Longsheng Hall" (a county-level institution). The name "Longsheng" began to be included in the book. In the first year of the Republic of China, the hall was changed to county. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, regional ethnic autonomy was implemented in August 1951, and it was called "Longsheng Autonomous Region (county level)". In September 1955, it was renamed "Longsheng United Autonomous County of All Ethnic Groups" and in December 1956, it was named "Longsheng Autonomous County of All Ethnic Groups".

ethnic population

There are as many as 1 ethnic groups living in Longsheng Autonomous County. In 21, the total population of the county was 167,1, and the minority population accounted for more than 75%. Among them, there are 22, Miao, 27, Yao, 45, Dong, 33, Zhuang and 4, Han.

physical geography

Longsheng is known as "the mountains are surrounded by mountains, and the five waters are divided". The terrain is high in the east, south and north and low in the west. Yuechengling meanders from northeast to southwest. There are 21 peaks above 15m above sea level in the county, and the mountains above 7m above sea level account for 47.26% of the county's land area. The highest point in the county is Da Nan Shan, with an altitude of 194 meters, and the lowest point is Shimentang, the exit of Sangjiang River at an altitude of 163 meters. The Xunjiang River system is dendritic all over the county. The mountains and rivers constitute a beautiful and picturesque scenery of Longsheng.

Longsheng is located in the subtropical zone, with monsoon climate, abundant rainfall and pleasant climate. The average annual temperature is 18.1℃, the average frost-free period is 314 days, and the annual rainfall is 15-24 mm. There is no cold in winter and no heat in summer, so it is a good place for tourism and summer vacation.

Economic construction

Since the reform and opening up, Longsheng Autonomous County has made great achievements in national economy and social development, social productivity, comprehensive economic strength and people's living standards have all reached a new level, and infrastructure such as energy, transportation and communication have been fundamentally improved, laying a good foundation for the sustained and rapid development of the county's national economy in the new century.

At present, the installed capacity of power generation in the county is 41,6 kilowatts, and the installed capacity of hydropower stations under construction is about 11, kilowatts; The highway mileage of the county is 85 kilometers, including 15 kilometers of national highway and 325 kilometers of county-level highway. 9% of the 119 administrative villages in the county have opened program-controlled telephones. By the end of 26, the installed capacity of telephones in the county is more than 3,, and wireless paging covers the county. Mobile phones have been opened in all towns and major tourist attractions in the county.

tourism resources

Longsheng is a mountainous minority autonomous county with beautiful ecological environment, unique natural landscape and rich ethnic customs. It is not only a national demonstration county for ecological construction, but also a major tourist county in Guangxi. In 26, the county received nearly one million tourists.

Longji terraced fields are the crystallization of the diligence and wisdom of the Zhuang people for hundreds of years. Terraces are like chains and belts, and the heights are scattered. Spring is like layers of silver belts, summer is like green waves, autumn is like a golden pagoda, and winter is like a group of dragons playing in the water, which is a combination of grandeur and beauty. It can be called "a must in the world".

The hot spring gushes from the rock stratum at the depth of 1,2m underground, and the water temperature is between 45℃ and 58℃. It has been identified by experts from the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources, the Ministry of Light Industry and the Ministry of Health as a natural mineral water with ultra-low sodium magnesium calcium carbonate metasilicate for medical treatment and drinking. It is a provincial-level excellent tourist resort in Guangxi with beautiful scenery, green peaks, lush trees, misty clouds and clear streams.

Dragon Ridge Terrace

Dragon Ridge is named after the back of a mountain like a dragon. On the left side of the mountain range is Sangjiang River, and on the right side is the terraced fields dug by ancestors of Zhuang and Yao, that is, Longji terraced fields. Terraced fields belong to two ancient stockaded villages-Ping 'an Village and Dazhai Village. The terraced fields next to Ping 'an Village are called Longji Terraces, which belong to Zhuang nationality. Dazhai is called Jinkeng Terrace, which belongs to Hongyao. Walking on the terraced fields, I feel not only the strength of hardworking people, but also their beauty and belief.

Red Yao Dazhai swaying in the fog

After one and a half hours, I got off the bus in the parking lot below Dazhai, and my luggage was almost forcibly put into the basket by middle-aged women wearing gorgeous national costumes at the exit of the parking lot. The Yao women who followed their backpacks, accompanied by the rushing stream on the roadside, arrived at Dazhai surrounded by mountains in 1 minutes.

Dazhai Village is a large stockade in Jinkeng, which consists of five stockades: Dazhai, Tiantou, Zhuangjie, Xinzhai and Xiaozhai. Mountains full of terraced fields surround the village, and gray-black diaojiao buildings wetted by rain and fog are scattered in the basin at the foot of the mountain, reflecting a faint cloud and showing a different kind of beauty.

There are more than 4 people in the village, all of whom are Hongyao. Hongyao is a branch of Yao nationality, named after the pattern of women's coats is mainly pink. Yao nationality is one of the most migrated nationalities in ancient China, and it moved around because of war in history. The red Yao men in Dazhai have basically no clothing characteristics, but middle-aged and elderly women still have the habit of wearing traditional clothes. Women began to learn embroidery and weaving when they were seven or eight years old. From the wedding dress to the clothes of the whole family after marriage, they all came from the hard-working hands of Hongyao women. Between the mountains, rivers and fields, the pink tops and black pleated skirts of Hongyao women are always so gorgeous and charming.

Half an hour later, I saw Tiantouzhai in the misty rain and fog, along the stone road and the mountain, and across Zhuangjie Village. Tiantouzhai is a small stockade separated from Dazhai, which is located on the hillside on the right side of Dazhai Village. The village is small, dozens of families live in scattered places, and the geographical location of the village is a good place to watch terraces.

when going up the mountain, the rain and fog are very heavy, and the misty terraces look ethereal and mysterious. Only a few terraces can be seen through the thin clouds, but it is enough for you to admire. The terraces that have been dug with both hands in this mountainous area since the ancestors of Yao nationality came are still well preserved.

a century-old stone road

stockaded villages and terraces are built halfway up the mountain. An ancient stone road is the only way for these stockaded villages to communicate with the outside world. The Zhuang and Yao people who used to live here used to communicate with the outside world through this ancient stone road. It is said that for hundreds of years, there has been an unwritten rule on this stone road on the mountainside that every village has to repair the section passing through the village every year, and every family has to volunteer for three days. In this way, now we have this intact stone road.

There are two ways to go to Ping 'an, one is to go back to Dazhai by car, and the other is to walk from Tiantouzhai along the stone road on the mountainside. This stone road on the mountainside can always lead to Heping Township, passing through Ping 'an and Longji on the way. It is about 7 kilometers from Tiantouzhai to Ping 'an, and it takes about 4 hours to walk.

southbound from Tiantou Village, the narrow stone road gradually rises with the mountain, and people begin to breathe heavily. The fog gradually increased, and looking back at Tiantou Village, it was submerged in a vast expanse of whiteness. Over the first hill, the fog disappeared at once, and there were spectacular terraces in front of us and at our feet, which were no less beautiful than those famous terraced scenic spots in front of Dazhai.

In the future, the mountain road will go up and down, and the terraced fields will always be under your feet. The climate in the mountainous area makes the terraced fields sometimes fully displayed, and sometimes they still cling to the pipa, leaving a white shadow. It takes about 1 hour to arrive at Zhongliu Village, about 3 kilometers away from Tiantouzhai. The name of this village is very strange. There are different ways to write it in different books and tourist materials. Some are called Secondary Six, some are called Zhonglu, and later I saw Secondary Six on the notice in the village, which should be Secondary Six. The residents in the village are also Hongyao, and the layout is very scattered. Three households and two households are scattered in mountain streams, foothills and hills. The old black and gray diaojiao building, reflecting terraces, clouds and streams, is quite ancient, especially as beautiful as ink painting.

Terrace Classic After crossing a mountain in Ping 'an

No.6 Middle School, there are fewer terraces and more trees. After passing the Yulan Reservoir, we circled several bays on the mountainside full of vegetation, and saw Ping 'an Village from a distance through a mountain pass. Next to the mountain pass is the No.2 observation deck of Ping 'anzhai, with a wide view. From above, it is safe. The scattered and orderly diaojiao buildings are surrounded by large terraces, and yellow and green crops form beautiful patterns with the melody of terraces.

Ping 'an is the most famous stockade in Longji Scenic Area. There are more than 1 households in the stockade, all of which are Zhuang people. They make a living by reclaiming terraces and growing rice. For hundreds of years, the ancestors of peace village have cultivated countless terraces, large and small, on the Longji hillside beside the Jinjiang River, forming a large-scale terrace group. Due to the special geographical location, the terraces are as small as the palm of your hand and as large as more than ten square meters. These countless terraces have condensed the blood and sweat of countless Zhuang ancestors.

Longji and Ping 'an are both typical Zhuang villages, and their costumes and life characteristics are relatively completely preserved. Men have homespun jackets, while women wear white and lace jackets with large flower headscarves. Almost every family will make a low-alcohol wine with rice. The wine is a little sweet and delicious, and the locals call it "water wine". The way of brewing wine is very primitive. A big wooden barrel is filled with fermented glutinous rice, which is put on a large pot and steamed with fire. The wine will flow out of a small bamboo tube inserted in the middle of the barrel.

from the mountain pass, walk down the neat stone road for about 2 minutes, and you will reach the stockade. The buildings in the village are all wooden buildings with hanging feet built on the mountain. Most of the houses have a history of hundreds of years, so they are called Guzhuang Village. The diaojiao building is backed by the hillside, and the front is supported by wooden columns. A layer of foundation is built with stones under the wooden columns to fill the unevenness caused by the slope of the mountain. Some simply support the wooden columns on the big stones on the hillside. In the past, the old diaojiao building was basically two floors, covering an area of about 15 square meters. The bottom was supported by 2 logs with a diameter of nearly 5 cm. The second floor was supported by 24 wooden columns, covered with tiles, and then sealed with wooden boards to form an independent space. Each diaojiao building forms an independent space, which is clean, hygienic and safe against theft. In the past, there were many wild animals on the mountain, so this design can prevent wild animals.

ethnic customs

ethnic minorities such as Miao, Yao, Dong and Zhuang live in Longsheng Autonomous County, and the population of ethnic minorities accounts for 76% of the county's total population. "No mountain, no Yao, no forest, no Miao, no Dong, no water and no Zhuang" vividly summarizes the basic distribution of ethnic minorities in Longsheng.

1. "Red Dress Festival"

"Red Dress Festival" is the biggest and most grand festival for the compatriots of Longsheng Hongyao. On this day,