Report on the Balanced Development of Compulsory Education (2)

1, the balanced development of compulsory education among counties is quite different. First, there is a big difference in funds. Yanbian respects teachers and values education, which is known as? Education home? The reputation of. However, influenced by the level of economic development, the economic and social development among counties is unbalanced, which leads to great differences in the balanced development of compulsory education among counties in China. There are only two additional education fees in 8 counties (cities), which are quite different. For example, in 20 14 years, Yanji's twice income was 1990 1 10,000 yuan, while Antu County only had 6.89 million yuan; Yanji's education funds from the land transfer income reached 2000 yuan per student, and Antu County only has 500 yuan. The gap of income directly leads to the gap of educational investment and the imbalance of educational resources. Second, there are great differences in educational resources per student. Both the state and the province have made clear regulations on the number and scale of classes in schools, but due to various reasons, the phenomenon of super-large schools and super-large classes still exists. This problem is particularly serious in Yanji City. According to the national assessment and acceptance criteria for the balanced development of compulsory education, there are junior high schools 1 schools and primary schools 12 schools in the city, with * * more than 189 classes. 5 junior high schools and 8 primary schools have over-class phenomenon. There are 285 overtime classes, including 66 in primary school and 7 1 person in junior high school.

2. Education funds? Three growth? It has become the main bottleneck affecting the balanced development of compulsory education in counties (cities). Since 20 15, eight counties (cities) in Quanzhou have successively accepted the evaluation and acceptance of the basic balanced development of compulsory education. One of the acceptance criteria is the one-vote veto index, which is clearly stipulated in the education law and compulsory education law? Three growth? . In other words, the growth ratio of government financial allocation for education at all levels is higher than the growth ratio of recurrent fiscal revenue; Ensure that the education funds are gradually increased according to the average number of students in school; Ensure that teachers' salaries and students' per capita public funds increase gradually. In the past three years, counties (cities) in our state? Three growth? The basic situation is: Yanji, Wangqing and Antu of 20 12 have not been fully realized? Three growth? ; 8 counties (cities) of 20 13 have not been fully realized? Three growth? ; Yanji 20 14 has not been fully realized? Three growth? . The overall reason is influenced by the national environment and climate. In 20 12, in order to achieve the goal of education expenditure accounting for 4% of GDP, the state increased investment in education projects (transforming weak schools and playgrounds, newly building canteens, dormitories and teachers' turnover rooms, implementing nutritious meals, strengthening education informatization, and raising the standard of public funds, etc. ), education funds have soared. In 20 13, the number of projects invested by the state decreased, and at the same time, the state strengthened financial management, demanding accurate data and squeezing out water, which led to the reduction of investment funds for education and the adjustment of data, but the investment in education in eight counties (cities) was not realized? Growing up for the first time? It will inevitably affect the declaration and acceptance of counties (cities) with balanced development of compulsory education.

3. The imbalance between urban and rural teachers is serious. In the final analysis, the balanced development of compulsory education is to realize the balanced allocation of educational resources, with the focus on the overall quality of rural teachers and the core of teaching quality. At present, the overall quality of teachers in rural schools in our state is not high, and the poor teaching quality is a * * * problem. The main reasons are: First, the starting point is low. Most teachers in rural schools in our state have low academic qualifications, insufficient training funds, few opportunities for study abroad and slow improvement of teachers' quality. Second, it is difficult to recruit people. Limited by the salary, welfare and employment system, regular college graduates are reluctant to teach in rural areas and cannot recruit the subject teachers we need. The existing employment system is not flexible enough, which leads to the delay in teacher recruitment, which makes many rural school teachers have to take classes across disciplines and academic years, with many class hours and heavy tasks, which affects the teaching quality and directly leads to? School choice fever? , resulting in some cities and towns central schools over-scale, over-class phenomenon. Third, I can't stay. Most rural schools are located in remote areas, with underdeveloped transportation, limited cultural and recreational facilities and poor medical conditions. Backbone teachers, especially young teachers, flow to cities through various relationships and channels, which makes rural teachers, who are already weak, even less talented.

4. The structural deficiency of teachers is prominent. There is a strange phenomenon in the whole state of teachers. With the decrease of school-age population, the merger of rural primary and secondary schools, the local ownership of enterprise schools, the state of the whole education system is overstaffed. However, there are many vacancies in the education system of some counties and cities, and some have as many as 200 to 300 people. The recruitment plan has not been fully approved, and there are vacancies in many schools, especially in rural schools in South Korea, where there is a serious shortage of professional teachers in the fields of music, sports, beauty, English, psychology and computer. The reason is, first of all, that no one can be recruited. Due to the underdeveloped economy in our state as a whole, grassroots teachers have low wages and poor treatment, and some college graduates are reluctant to teach in rural areas. Secondly, I can't pass the exam. According to the relevant provisions of the Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), all candidates who take part in the open recruitment of teachers must obtain the teacher qualification certificate, and to obtain the teacher qualification certificate, they must pass the general examination, which is precisely the shortcoming of music, physical education and facial make-up graduates. It is difficult for them to pass the written examination, which leads to the lack of teachers in individual disciplines such as music, physical education, beauty, English and psychology, resulting in a serious structural shortage of teachers.

5. The problem of job title evaluation and employment is outstanding. Professional title evaluation is an important measure to arouse teachers' enthusiasm. However, due to the limitation of school posts, the problems and disadvantages brought by evaluation and employment are gradually exposed, mainly in two aspects: First, there are few indicators of senior professional titles. At present, the evaluation and employment of teachers' professional titles are combined, and they can enjoy the corresponding salary only when the employment period is up. However, in the past, the separation of evaluation and employment led to a large backlog of unemployed teachers. A considerable number of them can't hire senior titles until they retire, and they can't enjoy the corresponding salary. The second is the new problems brought about by delayed retirement. This year, the Central Organization Department issued a document stipulating that female senior teachers should retire at the age of 60 in principle. The introduction of this regulation has caused new contradictions in the evaluation and employment of professional titles in the education system. The delayed retirement of female senior teachers makes the flow frequency of a small number of senior professional titles slower, and many teachers who have long been rooted in the front line of rural areas are nearing retirement and have not enjoyed the treatment of first-class teachers. It has seriously dampened the enthusiasm of teachers and affected the stability of teachers and the improvement of teaching quality.

Three, promote the balanced development of compulsory education in our state.

In order to improve the overall level of balanced development of compulsory education in our state, in view of the above problems, the following suggestions are put forward:

1. Strengthen government responsibility, increase investment and ensure the balanced development of compulsory education. First, seriously implement the rural teacher support program (20 15? 2020). The state and county (city) governments should formulate implementation measures as soon as possible according to the actual situation, and put forward support policies and effective measures that are in line with the actual situation in rural areas of our state. The second is to ensure the balanced development of compulsory education according to law. Some autonomous prefectures with advanced education in China have promulgated and implemented relevant regulations, plans and implementation opinions, which have provided a strong guarantee for the balanced development of compulsory education from the aspects of regulations and policies. Our country has also introduced such related policies. What is important is how to strengthen implementation and constantly enrich and improve the contents of relevant policies. In particular, it is necessary to ensure that urban education surcharge, local education surcharge, education funds accrued by land transfer fees and rural education transfer payments are in place on time and in full; Should it be guaranteed according to law? Three growth? ; According to local conditions, special funds will be set up separately for rural education, and at the same time, project funds will be actively sought to strengthen the transformation of weak schools in rural areas and the construction of education and teaching facilities. The third is to establish? Is the province (state) dominant? Funding guarantee system. The basic salary standard for rural teachers in the compulsory education stage is approved on the basis of provincial and state financial co-ordination, and the provincial and state finances are adopted. Sub-project and proportion? Methods: Construct a long-term guarantee mechanism for rural teachers' salary growth, and effectively improve the salary of rural teachers in economically underdeveloped counties (cities); Appropriately improve teachers' performance pay and formulate a unified standard method for paying performance pay; Implement various benefits such as insurance and housing that rural teachers should enjoy.

2, adjust measures to local conditions, a variety of school modes, and promote the balanced development of compulsory education quality. First, earnestly implement it? University district management? The education department of the school-running county (city) takes the lead, and on the basis of careful investigation and study, according to the goals of strong school guidance, resource sharing, inter-school linkage and balanced development, formulate and improve the implementation plan of university district management, scientifically plan the school district, realize regional sharing of educational resources, and gradually narrow the inter-school gap. The second is to implement centralized education. The number of rural students in our state is decreasing year by year. There are 164 schools (including teaching points) with less than 100 students in the whole state. Some schools have only a few students, and even more teachers than students. For example, there are 12 students in Helong Dongcheng School and 42 teachers in the editing; There are 7 students and 9 teachers in the new teaching point of Liangbing Town, Antu County. In view of the fact that the number of rural students in our state is decreasing year by year, under the premise of ensuring that all school-age children and adolescents can receive compulsory education, according to the actual situation of each township, we should adopt centralized school-running modes such as township concentration, district concentration and boarding primary and secondary schools, integrate superior resources, and effectively improve the quality of education and teaching in rural primary and secondary schools. The third is to speed up the construction and integration of schools. Yanji city, Dunhua city and Hunchun city plan to build new schools as soon as possible according to the actual situation of super-large classes and schools, and expand educational resources in combination with the layout of this city to effectively alleviate the problems? Two super? At the same time, encourage and support the development of high-end and high-quality private schools to meet the needs of students at different levels.

3. Straighten out the construction mechanism of teachers, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural teachers. The first is to reform the management system of teachers' establishment. The existing school-based organization and management model is not flexible enough, which restricts the flow of teachers between schools. It is recommended to establish. Is the county management bureau employed by the school? Management system, breaking teachers? People from school? Identity bondage makes teachers become? System man? , unified deployment by the Education Bureau, reasonable flow according to the actual situation of the school, and realize the * * * enjoyment and balanced allocation of teachers' high-quality resources. The second is to reform the evaluation and employment methods of teachers' professional titles. The Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and the Education Bureau jointly issued the dynamic management method of professional titles, which further clarified the management rules of evaluation and employment, strengthened the supervision over the evaluation and employment of school professional titles, and changed the practice of tenure of professional titles. The third is to reform the selection, appointment and management system of primary and secondary school principals. Establish and implement? Principal's two-way selection system? , select backbone teachers to serve as principals in weak rural schools and as district heads in colleges and universities, establish a platform for the training, use and exchange of outstanding principals and professional backbone teachers, give play to the radiation-driven role of high-quality resources, and promote the integrated development of educational resources and educational concepts.

4. Broaden the supplementary channels for teachers and constantly optimize the structure of teachers. The first is innovative recruitment methods. Drawing lessons from the practices of other places, examiners for candidates' written examinations and interviews are mainly composed of school teachers and education department personnel. We should increase the right to speak in schools that employ teachers, so as to ensure the entrance of recruiting high-quality teachers and make them more professional and practical. At the same time, coordinate the relevant departments at higher levels, change the annual teacher recruitment to twice a year, adjust the recruitment time, and avoid the gap between new and old teachers; Appropriately set the threshold for graduates from institutions such as Beth and Timei to apply for teacher qualification certificates, scientifically set the recruitment content, increase the proportion of professional courses, and make plans to supplement the shortage of teachers with reference to general education results; Actively strive for policies to abolish the mandatory requirement that Korean candidates must use Chinese in their spoken and written languages, so as to provide more fair and equal employment opportunities for Korean candidates. The second is to expand the scale of free normal students' application. Actively coordinate Yanbian University, according to the post requirements of rural teachers in our state, appropriately reduce the admission scores of free normal students in the state, especially in rural areas, and conduct targeted training? Multifunctional? Rural teachers supplement the shortage of rural teachers. Third, continuously expand the implementation scale of the special post plan for rural teachers, raise the wage subsidy standard for special post teachers in a timely manner, and constantly innovate the incentive mechanism for rural teachers to let outstanding teachers? Can you come down and stay? . It is suggested that the Measures of Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture to Encourage Teachers to Teach for Life be formulated and promulgated. In line with the principle of focusing on grassroots, performance, sustainability and constructing incentive mechanism. For teachers who have long adhered to the front line of teaching, rural grass-roots schools and outstanding work performance, raise standards in medical care, work rewards, holiday solatium and other aspects; Teachers who have been teaching for 30 years should be given a one-time reward when they retire, so as to create a strong atmosphere of caring for and supporting teacher education in the whole society.

5. Strengthen the implementation of policies and measures to ensure the all-round and healthy development of students. The first is to further deepen the curriculum reform. Optimize the teaching process, establish a combined transport mechanism among schools, families and communities, effectively reduce students' academic burden, pay attention to students' independent development, free development and personality development, and strive to realize students' compulsory education? Reduce burdens and increase efficiency? . The second is to strengthen basic services. Strengthen the basic role of related courses and do a good job in the research, development, utilization and enrichment of school-based courses? The second category? Content, strengthen the effectiveness of social practice activities, play? Combination of sports and education? 、? Combination of medicine and education? And other advantages, continue to strengthen the school sports health work, and promote the healthy development of students' body and mind. Cooperation? University district? Management, centralized education, etc. , according to the need to build and manage student dormitories, canteens, complete sets of commuter cars, etc. To provide convenient conditions for rural students to go to school. The third is to strengthen services for special groups. Education, civil affairs, disabled persons' federations, women's federations, Communist Youth League committees, working committees, communities and other departments should strengthen coordination and cooperation, regularly do a good job in census and data statistics of migrant children, left-behind children, disabled children and students with difficulties, establish a file management system, ensure that students from vulnerable groups enjoy fair education, and ensure that all funding policies are put in place. Efforts should be made to improve the running conditions of special education schools so that students with severe disabilities can receive school education as much as possible; Make full use of social resources to provide family services for disabled children who cannot go to school.