How many years does it take for bamboo to grow into a forest? 500 to 1000 mu.

You can learn from it. Almost all of them are bamboo. I took this from a place where plagiarism is forbidden. In some places, some letters in the source file have not been deleted (1+0 is annoying to delete ...) Please see the quantity.

Dendrocalamus latiflorus is a giant dual-purpose bamboo, which is mainly produced in subtropical areas and has a long cultivation history. It is one of the important economic bamboo species in the Yangtze River basin and its south area. Dendrocalamus latiflorus, also known as Phyllostachys pubescens, can weigh more than 5 kg, the diameter of adult bamboo can reach 20 ~ 25 cm, and the height of bamboo can reach 25 meters. The growth of Dendrocalamus latiflorus was slow in the first two years, and it entered the rapid growth period from the third year, and the amount of bamboo shoots and the diameter of bamboo poles increased rapidly. It is not only an economic plant, but also an ideal plant for greening barren hills and preventing soil erosion. At the temperature of -7℃ to 42℃,

Riverbanks, barren beaches, barren slopes, front and back houses, ridges and corners with PH value of 4.5 ~ 8 can grow well, with extensive cultivation management, few pests and diseases, low investment cost and high economic value, and one-time investment can benefit for a long time. Generally, it is planted per mu11plant (2× 3m) or 222 plants (1.5× 2m). In the year of planting, each plant can generally produce 3 ~ 5 bamboo shoots, and the yield per mu is about 600 kg. In the second year, 2000 ~ 3000 kilograms of fresh bamboo shoots were produced per mu, and in the fourth year, high yield was achieved. May to 165438+ 10 every year is the production period of bamboo shoots, which lasts for more than half a year. & ltbr & gt

As a new type of food, bamboo shoots are becoming a best-selling commodity in the international and domestic markets, with great market potential. As far as the domestic market is concerned, with a population of 65.438+0.2 billion, if each person eats 654.38+0 kg of fresh bamboo shoots, it is necessary to cultivate a million mu of high-yield bamboo shoot forest to meet the needs. At present, the consumption of bamboo shoots and dried bamboo shoots in the international market is more than 5 million tons, but the market is far from saturated, which shows that the market prospect is broad. & ltbr & gt

In addition to bamboo shoots, Dendrocalamus latiflorus has thick stems and straight stems, which can be used as building materials, bamboo rafts, water pipes and transportation. The wall of Dendrocalamus latiflorus is thick, but the bamboo is soft. It can be processed into boards by technology, and the economic benefit is high. The bamboo leaves of Dendrocalamus latiflorus are huge, with a length of 15 ~ 35cm and a width of 4 ~ 8cm, which can be used to make hats, awnings, coconut shells and packaging products. In recent years, flavonoids, leaf proteins and some anti-aging substances have been extracted from bamboo leaves to make bamboo leaf green wine and bamboo juice drinks.

1. "Four sides" forest soil preparation and hole digging method

& lt2. The method of land preparation for creating a piece of forest land includes three processes: clearing forest land, comprehensive reclamation and digging holes. The quality of afforestation and soil preparation not only affects the survival rate, but also directly affects the speed of forest formation and bamboo shoot yield. In mountainous areas and hilly slopes, horizontal zonal soil preparation is usually adopted, and the bandwidth is1~1.5m. The zonal spacing mainly depends on the designed afforestation density, the layout of planting points and the slope of afforestation land. Generally, in places with steep slopes, sparse vegetation and serious soil erosion, in order to maintain soil and water, the width of belt spacing can be larger. The width of the belt to be plowed is also related to the slope. Generally, for slopes with slopes above 10 ~ 20 degrees, 2 1 ~ 30 degrees and 3 1 ~ 45 degrees, the width of plow belt should be 2 ~ 3m, 2 ~ 2.5m and 1 ~ 65438+. For the gently sloping farmland, the overall depth can be 30 ~ 40 cm, and for the steep sloping farmland, planting holes can be dug first (the specifications are the same as above), but weeds and shrubs in the farmland need to be removed, and the space should be plowed year by year within 3 ~ 5 years after planting bamboo. Where the slope is large, the vegetation (grass) in the belt can only be mowed in the first year, but not dug, and only planting holes can be dug to avoid soil erosion. After the bamboo seedlings survive and grow, they are supported and cultivated in the second to third years and dug up year by year. If it is in the gentle slope of the valley or the alluvial zone of the river bank, block soil preparation can be used. Similarly, you can dig deep or dig planting pits first. Soil preparation, excavation and filling should be completed before the first year of soil freezing.

1. Planting time of Dendrocalamus latiflorus seedlings

2. Selection and treatment of bamboo seedlings

Before planting, smooth the wound of the bamboo head with a sharp knife, remove the shell of the bamboo head, and plant it with thick mud (it is best to add rooting powder with appropriate concentration to the mud, and the instructions for use are on the packaging bag of rooting powder according to the instructions).

3. Planting method

Three, Dendrocalamus latiflorus 1 tending management technology. irrigate

Step 2 loosen the soil and weed

Step 3 apply fertilizer

Step 4 raise the soil

Step 5 bask in the sun. Digging is to expose the bamboo shoots on the bamboo shoots to the soil surface and sunlight, so as to increase the temperature, stimulate and promote the germination of bamboo shoots, and at the same time facilitate fertilization. Generally, at the end of February or the beginning of March, the soil around the bamboo bush is dug from the outside to the inside with a hoe, so that the bamboo shoots are exposed out of the soil, but care should be taken not to damage the bamboo shoots. Then combined with fertilization, covering soil and backfilling.

Step 6 cut bamboo shoots

When cutting bamboo shoots, first dig out the soil around the bamboo shoots and cut them off from the upper part with a bamboo cutter. Don't damage the nearby bamboo shoots when cutting. After cutting, cut bamboo shoots must be covered with soil. If there is enough fertilizer and water, bamboo shoots will sprout from the bamboo shoots above. Combine cutting bamboo shoots to cover the soil and loosen the soil to remove weeds around the bamboo forest.

7. Keep bamboo shoots and raise bamboo. Picking bamboo shoots and keeping mother bamboo are important technical keys, because the age of bamboo forests is different, and a reasonable age structure and a reasonable number of standing bamboos per cluster are very important, which can be regarded as the internal cause of the formation of bamboo forest yield. There are two ways to keep the mother bamboo.

7. 1 the first cultivation method of bamboo

In the first year, after planting and afforestation of bamboo seedlings, 1 ~ 2 strong bamboo shoots were selected from the first batch of unearthed bamboo shoots to breed bamboo (the offspring born from the mother bamboo for the first time are called one branch and two families). When Hsinchu grows up, before the arrival of winter, 1/5 ~ 1/4 bamboo shoots can be cut off to reduce transpiration, improve cold resistance and promote more bamboo shoots in the coming year. This is called "mother-watching". The key is not to "leave the mother" in the middle and late stages of bamboo shoots, which means that all bamboo shoots in the middle and late stages can be dug and eaten.

In the next year, all the unearthed bamboo shoots will be dug up and eaten. This year, each cluster can produce 5 ~ 10 kg of bamboo shoots.

In the third year, all the early and late bamboo shoots were dug up, and only 2-3 mother plants were selected from the first and second bamboo shoots. If there are too many mother bamboos selected in the early stage, it will consume too many nutrients in the bamboo bush and affect the output of bamboo shoots in that year; However, the quality of late bamboo shoots is often poor, and at this time, the selected mother bamboo has not aged to the winter tip, which is easy to suffer from freezing injury.

In the fourth year, as in the third year, 7-8 mother bamboos (1-4-year-old bamboos) will be retained in each cluster by the end of the year. At this time, bamboo forests have begun to close hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and each cluster produces about 20 kilograms of bamboo shoots.

In the fifth year, all unearthed bamboo shoots can be dug up for consumption.

By the sixth year, all bamboo shoots except the first two can be dug up for food, and the remaining mother bamboo and the mother bamboo planted in the first year can be cut down by the end of the year. Then do it every five years.

In the seventh, eighth and ninth years, only bamboo shoots are picked, leaving no mother bamboo.

In the tenth year, except for bamboo shoots, 3 ~ 4 new mother bamboos are selected from each cluster, and the mother bamboos left in the third year are cut down in winter.

In short, the management of Dendrocalamus latiflorus should be maintained at about 7 ~ 8 plants per cluster. Leave mother bamboo after afforestation and take bamboo shoots every year. Thinning once every 4 ~ 5 years, and thinning once that year. It is best to dig old bamboo piles once every 8 ~ 10 years to relax the underground space and benefit the sustainable utilization of forest land.

7.2 The second method of preserving mother bamboo

1 ~ 2 years, the first batch of bamboo shoots was selected in the first year, leaving 2 ~ 3 plants.

In the second year, new bamboo shoots were grown on the new bamboo left in the first year, and 1 ~ 2 strains were selected to cultivate new bamboo. In this way, there are 7-8 new bamboos in each bamboo cluster.

In the third, fourth and fifth years, only bamboo shoots are cut, leaving no mother bamboo.

In the sixth year, in addition to cutting bamboo shoots, 3 ~ 4 new mother bamboos are selected from each cluster, and 3 ~ 4 old mother bamboos are cut in winter.

The seventh, eighth and ninth years are the same as the third, fourth and fifth years.

The tenth year, like the sixth year, will dig out the old bamboo piles that left their mothers in the first and second years.

This cycle goes back and forth. Because bamboo shoots are collected from woodland every year and take away a lot of organic matter, in order to ensure stable and high yield, nutrients must be supplemented. It is required to topdressing 37,500 kilograms of organic fertilizer per hectare every year; Combined with the application of chemical fertilizer, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer, 225 kg per hectare per year, can be applied by stages. & ltbr & gt

Dendrocalamus latiflorus is likely to be harmed by various pests and diseases during the period from bamboo shoots to bamboo cutting and utilization. Therefore, pest control is an important work in bamboo forest production. The main pest control technologies are introduced as follows.

1. The larvae of the bamboo weevil eat bamboo shoots, causing them to die of mildew. Every year 1 generation, adults overwinter in the earth room, and excavation activities begin in May of the following year, and activities are in full swing from June to July. Adults have suspended animation. They are not good at Yu Feixiang. They chew the bamboo fiber on the bamboo shoots and block the gap. After about 1 week, the eggs hatch into larvae and eat bamboo shoots, and the young bamboo shoots gradually die.

Prevention and control methods: ① Combined with forest land reclamation and soil turning in winter, the soil chamber of bamboo elephant is destroyed. (2) In the early morning or dusk, the adults of the insect are captured artificially and killed immediately. (3) Kill the larvae. When bamboo shoots are found to be yellow and soft, there is a great possibility that they will be attacked by pests and can be cut and killed with a sharp knife.

2. Bamboo Insects Bamboo insects are also called bamboo bracts and leaf rollers. Larvae spin silk and roll leaves to feed, bamboo leaves can be eaten up when mildew occurs, which affects photosynthesis and produces less bamboo shoots in the coming year. Adults are one generation a year and have phototaxis. Before mating and spawning, it is necessary to suck honey to supplement nutrition. It feeds on bamboo leaves in the middle and late June, matures in the middle and late July, and overwinters in loose soil near bamboo piles in winter.

(1) Eliminate overwintering larvae by reclamation and loosening soil in winter. (2) When the larvae are found to roll their leaves in late June, they can be poisoned by spraying 500 times of 90% trichlorfon or 50% dichlorvos 1000 times. ③ During the emergence of adults at the end of May, black light can be used for trapping and killing. ④ When the population density is high, "72 1" aerosol can be put into the forest to kill it.

3. Bamboo aphid mainly harms bamboo leaves on bamboo stalks. Bamboo aphids are small in size, with sharp mouthparts and dark brown, covered with a small amount of white powder, and densely grow on bamboo leaves or bamboo poles to suck juice. This is a very common pest in bamboo forest, especially in the case of excessive density, poor ventilation and high humidity. & ltbr & gt

Prevention and control methods: ① Strengthen tending management, pay attention to clearing forest land, reasonably adjust density and improve ventilation transparency. ② Spray 800 times of 50% dimethoate emulsion.

4. Bamboo coal disease Bamboo coal disease is more common, and various bamboos can occur. It mainly harms bamboo leaves and shoots, seriously affects photosynthesis and makes bamboo grow weak.

Bamboo coal disease is caused by aphids or scale insects. Because the secretion of aphids and scale insects is the nutritional source of bamboo coal disease. Therefore, the main control method is to eliminate aphids and scale insects. Sulfur mixture can also be used to kill coal disease germs. In addition, proper cutting can improve the ventilation and light transmittance of bamboo forests, and also greatly reduce the incidence of diseases.

5. Brief introduction of processing technology of hemp bamboo shoots

1. The processing flow of boiled bamboo shoots is as follows

Bamboo shoots of hemp → cleaning → water boiling for inactivation → renovation and classification → cooling and rinsing → sorting and canning → water injection → exhaust → sealing → sterilization → cooling → storage of canned bamboo shoots;

Usually, bamboo shoots are washed and boiled in water in time. Generally, large bamboo shoots are boiled at 100℃ for about 90 minutes, and medium bamboo shoots are boiled for 80 minutes. After taking it out, wash it with clear water, remove the shell and trim it evenly according to the size; Then the bamboo shoots are put into a barrel (can), filled with water, exhausted, sealed and sterilized, cooled, and then stored.

The requirement of the finished product specification of hemp bamboo shoots is that the ratio of bamboo shoot length to incision diameter is 2.5: 1. Generally speaking, every 100 kg of raw bamboo shoots can be made into 44 ~ 45 kg of boiled bamboo shoots.

2. The technological process of seasoning bamboo shoots is fresh bamboo shoots or boiled bamboo shoots → slicing → seasoning → bagging → sealing → sterilization → storage.

According to the different tastes of local consumers, the products can be made into spicy bamboo shoots, sweet sauce bamboo shoots and so on. , ready to eat, convenient to eat.

3. The processing flow of fermented dried bamboo shoots is as follows

Bamboo shoots of hemp → selecting materials → peeling → cutting bamboo shoots → cooking → fermentation → drying → graded packaging → fermented dried bamboo shoots.

Cut the shelled bamboo shoots into strips with a length of 6 cm and a width of 1 cm, that is, shredded bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots are required to be 30 cm long and 12 cm wide, and each bamboo shoot weighs about 0. 1 kg. The cooking time is about 1 hour. Put boiled bamboo shoots or shredded bamboo shoots into a fermentation tank, fill them layer by layer, seal the surface with plastic film, or cover them tightly with washed banana leaves, then cover them with straw mats, and then compact them with stones or fine sandbags. The fermentation time is at least 10 day, and some of them have been left for half a year. Take out the fermented bamboo shoots on sunny days, spread them on bamboo drying mats, and expose them to the sun to evaporate water, usually for 4-5 days, and then store them when the color turns yellow-brown and slightly transparent.

In the process of exposure, in case of rainy days, dried bamboo shoots can be moved into indoor ventilated places to air dry or baked with charcoal fire.