What knowledge did graduate students learn during their study that will be helpful to their future careers?

Due to the continuous enrollment expansion of colleges and universities in recent years, the number of graduate students has increased rapidly, and the employment of graduate students has exceeded demand, and the employment pressure has gradually increased. At the same time, the severe employment situation has also changed the position of graduates in job fairs. Many units that did not consider graduate students in the past now require applicants to have a minimum master's degree. Competition between graduate students and undergraduates is also common when recruiting in units that do not restrict academic qualifications. "Postgraduates" lost their former aura and advantages, stood on the same starting line with undergraduates and began to compete under the same conditions. According to a survey of a university, 55.6% graduate students have confidence in employment, but 43.2% graduate students still have no confidence in employment.

Why is employment confidence insufficient? The key reason is that students have not made a systematic and complete plan for their future during their study at school. According to the survey, only 24% graduate students think they have a very clear plan; 76% didn't have a plan, of which 48.5% thought about it but didn't have a specific plan. 13.7% thought it was following the feeling and waiting for an opportunity to see the situation. It can be seen that the awareness of graduate students' career planning at this stage is still very vague.

Facing the rapidly changing society, the most distressing problems of graduate students at present are mainly employment pressure, study pressure, economic pressure, no future for majors, too many interference factors and so on. This makes many students fidgety and at a loss. Many students have no awareness of career planning, and don't know what the future direction is and where to go. When I was an undergraduate, I chose the postgraduate entrance examination in the face of employment pressure. However, some graduate students are not very clear about how to study, where their interests are and where their goals are. The simple and common three-year life mode of graduate students, that is, attending classes in the first year, doing research in the second year and looking for a job in the third year, can not make graduate students calmly face the employment pressure after three years. Graduate students trained in two-year system will face employment pressure directly after only one year of course study. Therefore, although graduate students avoid the peak of employment during their undergraduate years, they will face more severe employment pressure in the near future.

Effective career planning can help students realize their own personality characteristics, existing and potential resource advantages, make a comprehensive comparative analysis of their own advantages and disadvantages, focus on cultivating certain professional characteristics, set their own career development goals, so as to plan their own study and practice, actively create conditions, and make various preparations for obtaining their ideal career. By objectively evaluating the gap between personal goals and reality, constantly adjusting methods and taking practical steps and measures, we can enhance our professional competitive advantage and realize our professional goals.

First, the significance of career planning

Career planning (career

Career planning, referred to as career design, is based on measuring, analyzing and summarizing the subjective and objective conditions of personal career, comprehensively analyzing and weighing personal interests, hobbies, abilities and characteristics, combining with the characteristics of the times, determining the best career goal according to personal career tendency, and making effective arrangements for achieving this goal. The purpose of career design is not only to help individuals find suitable jobs according to their qualifications and achieve their personal goals, but more importantly, to help individuals truly understand themselves, make career plans for themselves, plan their future, draw up their own life development direction, and design reasonable and feasible career development directions according to subjective and objective conditions.

Therefore, career planning is of great significance.

First, career planning can explore self-potential and enhance personal strength. Guiding individuals to correctly understand their own personality characteristics, existing and potential resource advantages is conducive to positioning their own values and making them continue to increase in value; It is conducive to comparative analysis of their own comprehensive advantages and disadvantages, evaluation of the gap between personal goals and reality, and establishment of clear career development goals;

Second, career planning can enhance the purpose and planning of development and improve the chances of success.

Third, career planning can improve the ability to cope with competition.

At present, many students don't make their own career plans. They just run around with resumes when looking for a job, always trying to find a good job by luck. As a result, they wasted a lot of manpower, energy and financial resources. Finally, they lamented that the recruiting unit could not recognize the hero and lamented that their hero was useless. These students don't fully realize the significance and importance of career planning. They believe that finding an ideal job requires achievements, relationships, eloquence and other conditions. They think that career planning is an armchair strategist and a waste of time. This is a very wrong idea. Postgraduates should plan their career after entering school, so that they can have a clear understanding of the characteristics of their major and the employment situation of their major, define their development direction and personal career goals, turn short-term job-hunting activities into planned and step-by-step professional quality training during their postgraduate years, and enhance their professional competitiveness. Only in this way can they stand out from the fierce social competition and better achieve their personal development goals.

Second, the basic content of career planning

(1) Self-assessment

The purpose of self-assessment is to know yourself and know yourself. Including the analysis of personal needs, abilities, interests, personality and temperament, so as to determine what kind of career is more suitable for you and what potential you have.

1, understand your work values.

What do you value about work? "level of treatment", "promotion opportunities", "opportunities for further study" and "giving full consideration to family". Different occupations meet people's needs differently, and different occupations have different functions in meeting people's value demands. It is important to measure and examine your values and make them conform to your career choices.

Step 2 know your interests

Interest is the best teacher and plays a very good role in promoting people's development. If you are interested in a career, you will show a positive attitude towards this kind of professional activity. At work, it helps to arouse your enthusiasm, forge ahead and work hard. On the contrary, forcing yourself to do unwilling work is a waste of energy and talent. A wide range of interests can make people pay attention to and get in touch with many things, and create more favorable conditions for their choice of career. But it should be noted that what you like to do may not be completely suitable for you, because it depends largely on a person's ability.

Step 3 know your own abilities

Ability is widely concerned in career planning, and it is often used to evaluate the possibility of success more than other factors. Know what you can and can't do at present, which aspects are outstanding, which aspects are strong, and which aspects are weak in past or present homework. When choosing a career, don't aim too high or just start from personal interests, but realistically examine whether your knowledge level and professional ability are suitable for a job.

4. Know your own personality

Generally speaking, personality can be roughly divided into two types: introversion and extroversion, and one's own personality type can be judged mainly by characteristics such as attitude, emotion, will and realistic cognition. Many jobs have specific requirements for personality quality, and to choose a career, you must have the personality characteristics required by this career.

5, the method of self-assessment

Self-assessment is a comprehensive assessment of one's physical and mental quality on the basis of self-observation and self-analysis. The specific methods of self-evaluation mainly include introspection, listening to others' opinions, accepting others' opinions or conducting psychological tests on their own. We should not only pay attention to introspection, but also listen to other people's opinions; We should not only pay attention to the important reference function of psychological test results, but also avoid absolute superstition. No matter which method is adopted, we should pay attention to mutual reference and synthesis, so as to make an accurate and comprehensive self-evaluation. The result of self-assessment often determines one's own behavior and limits people's career choices. So we must find a true self-image, evaluate ourselves objectively, don't overestimate ourselves, and don't belittle ourselves; Know your strengths, weaknesses, uniqueness and development potential, so as to choose a career that suits you.

(2) Environmental assessment

After a comprehensive, perfect and correct self-assessment, you need to have a detailed understanding of your environment, your major and the professional status of your major, so as to help you determine the employment direction as soon as possible, understand the employment needs of your industry, conduct environmental assessment and make career choices.

In the EIA, we should first choose an industry or an industry activity as our own career direction to evaluate. As a graduate student in our school, we must understand that China Youshi University (Beijing), as a national key university directly under the Ministry of Education, is a multidisciplinary university with distinctive petroleum characteristics, industry-oriented and coordinated development of multiple disciplines, and is an institution of higher learning with a graduate school, which is focused on the "2 1 1 project" and the "innovation platform for advantageous disciplines" of the National 985 Project. The school encourages students to establish the employment concept of "looking for a job according to the needs of the country and making contributions to the grassroots" and the employment concept of "working hard, going deep into the grassroots and dedicating to the cause". Our graduates have always maintained a high employment rate. In 2006, 57% of the graduates were employed in the petroleum and petrochemical industry, serving the grassroots. In 2007, 69% of the graduates were employed in the petroleum and petrochemical industry, and in 2008, the proportion even reached 70%, among which the proportion of graduates in petroleum subjects was higher. It can be seen that the petroleum and petrochemical industry is the most important employment direction for our graduates. At the same time, about 10% graduate students go to the west every year, go to the grassroots and go to places needed by the motherland. Employment in the west has also become a very important employment direction for graduates of our school. In addition, our graduates are outstanding in industries other than petroleum and petrochemical, and employers are highly satisfied with their comprehensive quality and job adaptability.

After determining the employment direction, it is necessary to further understand the employment demand in this direction, investigate and analyze the development status of the industry, and make a prospect forecast; Understand the relevant policies and regulations of the state and schools on employment; We should also pay attention to other factors, such as family expectations and personal economic situation, and consider them comprehensively in order to reasonably determine the goal of employment or further study.

(3) career choice

Whether the career choice is correct or not is directly related to the success or failure of life and career. Whether to develop to the administrative route, or to the professional technical route, or to take the technical route first and then turn to the administrative route. Because different development routes have different requirements for career development, you must make a choice in career planning in order to make your study and work move in the predetermined direction.

Pay attention to the following points in the process of career choice:

First of all, we should correctly understand ourselves on the basis of self-evaluation, effectively grasp ourselves, and fully understand our attitude towards life, interests and ideals of success. Answer questions such as "What are my needs in life? What is the most important thing for me, how much money I earn, or the nature and work content of my career? " And other issues for in-depth thinking, fully understand their own outlook on life. At the same time, interest can make up for the lack of ability and knowledge. It is very important to link interest with career direction, and interest should not be stifled because of economic interests. Furthermore, the understanding of success is an important weight in determining a career. "Work with high salary, high taste, high degree of freedom and high personalization" is the traditional concept of success, and the self-contribution to society and the society's satisfaction and recognition of self are the essence of success.

Secondly, knowledge affects professional background, ability affects professional quality, interpersonal relationship affects development prospects, and specialty affects success. Although you are interested in a certain profession and have the corresponding knowledge, if your personality and ability show that you are not suitable for this profession, stubborn choice will only lead to a waste of talents.

Finally, we should consider the needs of society. It is reasonable to consider personal factors when choosing a job, but the premise is whether this choice meets the needs of society. It is the most reasonable choice to effectively combine personal expectations with social needs. Specifically, it is necessary to organically unify the objective requirements of national economic development, political situation, employment situation orientation, industry development prospects, professional nature, post requirements and personal subjective wishes, and straighten out the relationship between them, so as to make oneself a talent needed by society.

(D) Determine the objectives

The main purpose of career planning is to achieve certain career goals, and then get your ideal life, so goal selection is the core of career planning. The success or failure of a person's career depends to a great extent on whether there are correct and appropriate goals. A firm goal can be the motivation to pursue success. Without a goal, it is like a ship sailing into the sea, with no direction and no idea about the future. Only by setting a goal can we define the direction of struggle, just like a lighthouse in the ocean, guiding you to avoid dangerous beaches and lead you to success.

Goal setting is the choice of life goals after career choice and career route choice. This choice is based on a person's best talents, the most favorable environment and other information, usually including life goals, long-term goals, medium-term goals and short-term goals. Generally speaking, life goals and long-term goals can be established according to personal qualities and social environment conditions, and then they can be divided into medium-term goals and short-term goals that meet the needs through goal decomposition. In the process of making a decision, individuals need to "communicate" with the question to see where the real cause of the problem comes from: is their goal too high? Are long-term goals and short-term goals combined? Whether the career goals and family goals are coordinated. After understanding these problems, it is necessary to match personal conditions and career goals, and to maintain the consistent part of them in the career process, and the separated part is the focus of attention and the direction of efforts.

(five) to formulate and implement the action plan.

After determining the career goals, we should formulate corresponding action plans to achieve them, and turn the goals into specific programs and measures, as well as the implementation process of the programs. The process of formulating implementation measures is the process of self-discipline and conscious implementation of career planning. According to their overall goals and development plans, graduate students can take the chain decomposition method to decompose the overall goals into specific goals, so that they can have their own small goals in every school year, every semester or even every month. These goals can be the improvement of learning ability, the cultivation of scientific research ability, and even the enhancement of social interpersonal skills. Then, according to the specific small goals, take corresponding concrete measures, implement them step by step, realize them one by one, and finally complete the overall goal.

(six) according to the environmental changes in a timely manner to revise the plan.

Career planning is a long-term and continuous process. In order to make career planning effective, it is necessary to constantly evaluate and modify career planning. The revision mainly includes: career re-selection, career route selection, life goal revision, implementation measures and plan changes. Correcting career planning in time is to get better development, to better adapt to the needs of social development, and to find a truly suitable position for society. At the same time, the evaluation and feedback process of career planning is not only a process of continuous understanding of individuals themselves, but also a process of continuous understanding of society, which is a powerful means to make career planning more effective.

Three, career planning needs to pay attention to several issues

(1) Pay attention to practical experience and improve personal working ability.

1, the significance of practice

(1) can deepen the understanding of occupations and industries and confirm the occupations that you like or are good at.

During the internship, you can determine whether you like the job and whether you are competent. If you like it and are competent, you can take it as a target career. On the contrary, we need to find a new direction of work.

(2) Prepare for the transition from students to professionals.

There are huge differences between school and workplace, study and work, students and employees. In the process of role transformation, people's views, behaviors and psychology should be adjusted appropriately. Internship provides fresh graduates with opportunities to get in touch with the real workplace. With internship experience, it is possible to integrate into the new environment faster and better when you find a job after graduation, and complete the transformation from a student to a professional.

(3) Enhance the competitive advantage when looking for a job.

There is a survey on how employers choose fresh graduates. The companies involved are foreign companies, state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, and the scale is also large and small. One of the topics is to let them choose what they value, including school, major, grades, certificates, internship experience, social practice, household registration and so on. Results Companies of different natures and sizes have different emphases, and only one factor is important to all companies, that is, internship experience related to the position applied for. Therefore, if graduate students have relevant internship experience, they will have great advantages in finding a job. At the same time, many companies will choose excellent interns to stay and become formal employees of the company. This recruitment method is being adopted by more and more multinational companies and has become one of their strategies to tap "early talents".

2. How to better achieve the internship effect?

(1) Be close to the major, aim at the occupation and choose the internship position.

Internship is to lay the foundation for employment, and it is very important to choose internship positions in a targeted manner. When choosing a position, you should try to choose a position that is related to your major and you are interested in, so as to give full play to your knowledge and ability and increase your weight for future job hunting.

(2) Explore personal career goals and positioning in practice.

Internship is a good career exploration period before formal employment. Through practice, students begin to understand the responsibilities and work contents of the workplace and various positions. In this process, explore personal career goals and career orientation, that is, future development direction and personal orientation. In the process of internship, don't just bury yourself in your work, you should think positively and examine your personal interests, what you are good at, what you aspire to, and the career goals you hope to achieve in the future. If you can initially or basically define your personal career goals and positioning during the internship process, you will take fewer detours when choosing a job after graduation. When other students are still in the exploratory period, you have developed in depth on a selected channel.

(3) Investigate the unit in the internship and get familiar with the "ecological environment" of the workplace.

The process of internship is the process of mutual understanding and investigation between students and enterprises. During the internship, students can deeply integrate into the enterprise, get in touch with future colleagues and feel the culture of the enterprise. At the same time, we should also think deeply about whether we can adapt to the working environment here, whether we like this job, and whether we can communicate and cooperate well with others. If through practice, you find that you are really not suitable for this job, then you should consider your next choice as soon as possible. During the internship, we should pay attention to some basic work, because the most basic work can exercise some ability to bear hardships or communicate with others, which is often what graduates need to improve most.