Use classical Chinese

1. The ancient meaning of "employment" in classical Chinese

verb

(1) (pictophonetic characters. From the ear, from the chin (p and p Ο ng), the chin also sounds. The word "qi" is from beginning to end. "You" means "sliding" and "transition"; It means "pain" and "torture". The combination of "you" and ""means "the test of transition period". Therefore, the meaning of "the test of transition period" and "the test before formal appointment". The combination of "ear" and "chin" means "I invite you to listen", "The employer asks all kinds of difficult questions, and the candidates are all ears" and "interview before employment".

(2) The original meaning is the same

Rent, visit also. -"Shuo Wen"

Hire a question. -"Erya"

I intend to hire you. -Poetic Xiaoya Cai Wei

Ji Dong hired Wang Meng. -"Li Zhou Zhan Meng"

Hire uncle Shen Weichen. -"Were Feng Yanchuan"

The bannerman asked the doctor to ask the bannerman to hire him. -"Book of Rites Quli"

Every vassal asked at the age of five for diplomatic relations and was hired. -"Zhou Li's Adult Tour"

(3) Another example is the employment bow (the bow used for employment in ancient times); Salute (salute); Rent and enjoy (request and provide); Hire an ambassador (as required by the order)

(4) employment. Such as: courtesy (employed in a respectful way); Recruitment (through advertising); Hire a gentleman (that is, hire a scholar or recruit people with money or heavy money); Recruitment (recruiting talents with courtesy); Employment (marriage by ceremony); Money (a gift ordered by someone or an engagement gift)

(5) In the old society, it was called engagement and marriage ceremony.

If you are hired, you will be a wife. -The Book of Rites

(6) Another example: engagement (Jude's engagement)

(7) preach "constant". A woman is engaged or married.

The mother of sound is not attractive. -"Zuo zhuan, eleven years of success"

2. There are too many original texts and translations of classical Chinese 60: 65438+21:271October 7th. Let me show you one first: this is Mencius' life born of worry and death of happiness.

Translation is at the end! ! Shun Fa Yu Mu (2), Fu Shuo Yu Ban Lou (3), Jiao Yu Yu Yan (4), Guan Yi Wu Yu Shu Ren (5), Sun Shuai Yu Hai (6) and Baili Yu Shi (7). Therefore, heaven will descend to a great post (8), and so will man (9). We must first suffer their minds (10), work their bones and muscles (1 1), starve their skins (12) and empty their bodies (13).

People will pass (18) and then change (20); Trapped in the heart (2 1), balanced by consideration (22), and then made (23); Mark with color (24), sound (25), and then metaphor (26). If you go in, you can't get rid of the doctor (27), but if you go out, you will be invincible against foreign invasion (28) and your country will die (29).

Then knowledge is born of worry (30) and dies of happiness (3 1). (1) from Mencius? Xia, a native and surnamed Gao, is a student of Mencius and a scholar of Confucianism and Mohism.

Some excerpts here are entitled "Shunfa Fishes". The title was added by the editor.

(2) Shun (shùn) was born in an acre (Qu n): Shun rose from the field. Shun used to farm in Lishan. At the age of 30, he was used by Yao, and later succeeded him as the king of Yao.

From, from, refers to being appointed. Yu, preposition, cong.

A ditch in the field, a ditch in the field. Mu, field ridge.

"Mu" refers to the field. (3) Fu Shuo was lifted between buildings: Fu Shuo was lifted to the plasterer who built the wall.

Fu Shuo used to be a plasterer in Yan Fu, building walls for people. Wu Ding, the king of Yin, paid him a visit and took him as a photograph. Promote, be used, be chosen.

Board building, when building a wall, put the soil between two plywood and tamp it with a pestle. A pestle used to build and tamp soil.

(4) gé was lifted in fish salt: gé was lifted from a vendor selling fish salt. Jiao Wei originally sold fish and salt, which was recommended by Zhou Wenwang.

Later, he assisted Zhou Wuwang. Yu, preposition, cong.

(5) Guan Yiwu was promoted to a scholar: Guan Yiwu was released from the prison officer and was hired. Guan Zhong (Yi Wu) was originally a minister of Qi Gong Zi Jiu. Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu competed for the position of the group, but the rectification failed. Guan Zhong was sent back to China as a sinner, and Qi Huangong knew that he was talented, that is, he was a prime minister.

Being promoted to a scholar means getting rid of prison officials and getting a job. Sergeant, prison officer.

(6) Sun Shuai rose to the sea: Sun Shuai rose to the court from the quiet seaside. Sun Shao, a native of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, lived in seclusion by the sea. Chu Zhuangwang knew he was talented and took him as his wife.

(7) Bailixi held in the city: Bailixi was held in the city and boarded the photo. Bai Xixi, a doctor in the Spring and Autumn Period, went from the State of Jin to the State of Qin, and then fled to the State of Chu. Later, Qin Mugong redeemed him with five sheepskins and made him a doctor.

(8) great responsibility: great responsibility or the responsibility of governing the country. Responsibility, responsibility, burden.

(9) So people also: (give great responsibility) to this person. Yes, demonstrative pronoun, this.

Also, it is used at the end of the first half sentence to indicate a pause, and the second half sentence will explain. (10) You have to suffer his heart first: you have to suffer his heart first.

Suffer, the adjective is used to make ... (1 1) strain the bones and muscles: make them tired. Making ... hard work.

Its pronoun, his. (12) starve his body and skin: it means to make him suffer from hunger and make his skin thinner.

(13) Being empty means making him poor. Lack of resources.

These are verbs. (14) Do something wrong: What he did was upside down.

What you did, what you did. (15) So: use (by the way ...).

(16) Endurance: Arouse his heart and temper his temperament. (17) Ceng Yi can't do it: increase what he can't do and let him grow his talents.

Once, through "increase", increase. Therefore, auxiliary words and "can't" constitute noun phrases, which refer to unreachable objects.

(18) constant: constant. (19) Guo: This means making mistakes.

(20) Only then can it be changed: only in this way can it be changed later. (2 1) trapped in the heart: inner troubles.

Sleepy, anxious. Yu, preposition, in.

(22) Consideration balance: Thinking about congestion. Hengtong "horizontal", infarction, means not smooth.

(23) Later: Then you can act. Do, stand up, and intend to do something.

(24) Color signature: color signature. It means haggard and haggard, which is reflected in color.

(25) from the sound: it means that the sigh comes from the sound. (26) After metaphor: (See his face and smell his voice) Then people know him.

(27) if you enter, you can't go home: at home, if you can't assist the judges and wise men of the monarch. Into, inside, refers to the domestic.

Legalists, officials with statutes. A wise man enough to assist the monarch.

Brush, pass "finish" and assist in finishing. (28) Foreign patients are invincible: in a foreign country, if there is no hostile country or foreign disaster.

Get out, get out. Refers to foreign countries.

Enemy country, hostile country Foreign invasion, foreign invasion, mostly foreign invasion.

Person, mood particle, pause. (29) Countries always perish: countries often perish.

No change, no change. (30) Then knowledge is born of worry: only after this can we understand that we live and develop because of worry.

Then, after that. Yu, preposition, because, indicates the reason.

Live, make ... live. (3 1) Died of happiness: comfortable enjoyment makes people languish and die.

Causing death. Obedience rose in the field, rose from the plasterer who built the wall, the glue was lifted from the vendor who sold fish and salt, Guan Yiwu (sent back to China as a sinner and locked up) was released from the prison officer and hired as the photo, Sun Shuai was taken to the court from the secluded seaside, and Prissy was taken to the photo from the street.

Therefore, God wants to give this man an important mission. He must first make his heart ache, make his bones tired, make his stomach hungry, make his skin emaciated, make his body poor, make his actions go wrong, and turn things upside down. He was shocked, his character became tough, and he increased what he could not do, thus increasing his talents.

People often make mistakes in order to correct them later; This bothers him and hinders his thoughts, and then he can make a difference. Haggard and haggard are expressed in the face, and chanting and sighing are expressed in the voice. (Seeing his face and hearing his voice) Then people will understand him.

If there are no ministers who can uphold the statutes and wise men who assist the monarch, if there are no hostile countries and foreign countries outside.

3. Lv Congyuan is willing to translate classical Chinese; Lu Huaishen is a native of Slippery State, about a noble family in john young. His grandfather, Lu Zun, was appointed as the magistrate of Lingchang County, so he became a native of Lingchang County. Lu Huaishen was already extraordinary when he was a child. His father's good friend Han Siyan lamented: "This child's talent is not * * *!" When he grew up, he became a scholar and served as a consultant. During the dragon period, he was promoted to counselor. Zhongzong went to Shang Yang Palace to meet Wuhou, and Wuhou wrote him a letter. Lu Huaishen remonstrated: "In the past, Emperor Gaozu was an emperor and went to Liyang Palace once every five days to meet the squire. Because he ascended the throne from Buyi, he owned the world and attributed the honor to his father, so he did so." What's more, yingtianmen is only two miles away from Xiangmen. You can't ride in a row, and you can't ride in parallel. It often comes out from here. If a fool invades the driver, it's too late to blame him. I think we should honor the queen mother in the inner court to avoid the trouble of going in and out. "Zhong zong didn't listen. He was promoted to Zhong Cheng in the right censorate. The last chapter states the politics at that time, saying, "I heard that good people continue to govern the country. "You can overcome cruelty and avoid being killed." Confucius said, "I am in charge of state affairs. One year is almost enough, and three years will be very fruitful." So Shangshu said: "Assess your political achievements every three years, and then decide to promote, commend or dismiss after three assessments." In the past, Zichan was the prime minister of the State of Zheng, reformed the law, and issued a punishment book. In the first year, everyone was angry and wanted to kill him. Recently, the state secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Gyeonggi moved officials in one or two years, or three or five months, regardless of their political achievements. In this way, people who don't move the official listened attentively, stood on tiptoe and rushed forward without shame. How can they declare corruption and pensions for your majesty? Etiquette can't be implemented, the registered permanent residence is more dispersed, the warehouse is more and more scarce, and the people are getting worse and worse, all of which are the reasons. People know that they haven't been an official for a long time, so they don't listen to his teachings. Officials know that the day of transfer is not far away, so they don't try their best. The title and stealing security are used to develop their qualifications and reputation. Although Mingjun has the ambition to rule the world diligently, the road of luck has been opened, and the upper and lower sides are deceiving each other. How can we be as open as possible? This is a national disease. What Jia Yi said about varus soles is a minor problem. The disease can't be cured, even if there are famous doctors. Xuan Di, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, assessed birthright and made great efforts to manage birthright, which led to the trend of ethos. Ba Huang was an excellent satrap. Xuan Di gave him gold to increase his rank and praised his achievements on the spot, but he finally refused to move him to an official position. Therefore, he was an official in ancient times. In this way, it can continue to future generations. I request the viceroy, the secretariat, the long history Sima, and the county magistrate of Jixian County to serve for less than four years, and they cannot move their posts. If the governance is particularly excellent, you can add the rank of salary officer to the horses and chariots, send envoys to express condolences, and write letters to encourage them. You can only be promoted when there are open vacancies to encourage those who are talented and capable. For those who are incompetent or greedy and tyrannical, they can avoid officials and return home. Only 100 officials. The number of officials in Xia and Shang dynasties doubled, and talents can still be appointed. " This means reducing the number of officials. Therefore, it is said that "officials don't have to be all, only talents." Don't neglect the official position, food is the first thing for the people. "I'm talking about the selection of talents here. Now there are dozens of times more foreign officials in various lawsuits in the capital, which is unprecedented in modern times. If a person can do his duty on his behalf, he will probably do nothing. However, hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on wages every year, which exhausts the national treasury in vain. Is this the original intention of seeking treatment? At present, the people's strength is extremely weak, and the expansion of the Yellow River Weishui water transport is not enough to supply the capital. The private losses of public officials are countless, and the border is still not calm. If there is a flood and drought, the tax revenue is reduced, the enemy is on alert at the border, and the grain reserve for relief is less than one year, what will your majesty use to solve the crisis? " Don't use the people's power easily, which will put people in danger; Don't stand still, because it's dangerous. " This means being cautious. Looking at these foreign officials, they are all talented and good officials in the world. Is it true that since ancient times, talents have been promoted but failed to play their role, respected by fame but failed to do their best? I request that talented foreign officials who can serve as local governors or spin doctor be promoted together, so that they can contribute to the local government and their achievements can be assessed by the imperial court. If the old, the weak, the sick and the disabled can't serve, everything will stop and the sages will be completely separated from the shameless. This is the urgent task at present. Fighting for power and profit, accepting bribes, bullying the weak and fearing the hard are the evils in political affairs. I saw officials inside and outside the court. And officials who killed civilians were exiled and demoted, but they were soon promoted back and still served as local governors. They were appointed in Jianghuai, Lingbiao and desert areas just to give a rough expression of punishment and condemnation. They give up on themselves, so that they are greedy for money, regardless of their health and have no intention of changing. A wise monarch should share the benefits equally with all things, and govern distant places with guilty officials, which is tantamount to giving a traitor a favor and abandoning the people far away. Ethnic minorities and China people live together in border areas. They are far away from danger, easily disturbed and difficult to settle down. If the Chief Executive is incompetent, civilians will be exiled and become thieves. From this perspective, ordinary people do not have it, let alone cunning officials. I request that those who have been suspended for taking bribes should be dismissed in less than a few decades, so they should not be given employment. The history books say that "distinguish between good and evil" is the truth. The children didn't answer. He was promoted to assistant minister of Huangmen, awarded uncle of Yuyang County, and Wei Zhigu was in charge of election affairs in Du Dong respectively. In the first year of Kaiyuan, they were appointed as both Wei Zihuang Men Pingzhang. Three years later, they were replaced. At this time, another imperial edict ordered Zihui and Huangmen provinces to verify the facts. Lu Huaishen and Yao Chong said: "Wang Xiantong's crime is very clear. If all the suggestions can be doubted, how can others believe them? "So the case is settled. Lu Huaishen thought he was not as talented as Yao Chong, so he went to work.

4. Write an explanation that officials and servants write books to support their families: the family is poor and is often hired by the government to copy books to support their families.

face

Ann can stay between pen and ink for a long time: how can she stay between pen and ink for a long time?

Ye Fan's Biography of Ban Chao in the Southern Song Dynasty: "I am poor and often write books for bureaucrats to support me. Thanks for your hard work. After resigning, he threw a pen and sighed, "A gentleman has no ambition. He should still make contributions to Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian in the Western Regions to win the championship. Ann has been studying for a long time? "After meritorious service in the western regions, he was appointed as a distant Hou.

Because of his poor family, Ban Chaochang copied books for the government to earn money to support his family. He copied for a long time and worked hard. On one occasion, he stopped his work, threw a pen and sighed: "If a gentleman doesn't have better ambition and strategy, he should make great achievements in a foreign land like Fu Jiezi in Zhao Di and Zhang Qian in Liang Wudi, so as to get a seal. How can he be busy between pens and inkstones for a long time? " Later, he made meritorious service in the western regions and was named Dingyuan Hou.

5. Read the original text of Guan Bao's Turn in Classical Chinese:

Pass 1, Ying Shang 2 also. I often travel with Bao Shu's teeth, and Bao Shu knows his talent. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao finally satisfied him well and didn't take it for granted. Bao Shu worked for the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong worked for Gong Zijiu. Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, the son died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Uncle Bao then went into Guanzhong. Guan Zhong is in use and Ren Zheng is in order. Qi Huangong wants to establish hegemony, nine governors (4), and has plans of Kuangtian and Guanzhong.

Guan Zhong said, "I tasted Bao Shujia when I was in trouble and shared wealth with him. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as greedy and knew I was poor. I tried to find a job for Uncle Bao, and I was poorer. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows when it's good or bad. I have tasted three officials and three people, and I am driven by you. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm evil, but he knows I'm not in trouble. I have tasted three wars and three walks, and Uncle Bao is not afraid of me, knowing that I have an old mother. Miyako died in defeat for a long time, and my prisoner was humiliated. Bao Shu didn't treat me as * * *, knowing that I am not ashamed, but my shame and reputation are not obvious to the world. My parents know buns. " (Selected from Biography of Historical Records and Yan Guan)

Translation:

Guan Zhong, also known as Yi Wu, is a clever man. When he was young, he often interacted with Bao and knew that he was talented. Guan Zhong was born in a poor family and often cheated Bao Shu, but Bao Shu always treated him well and kept his secret. Later, he served the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served Gong Zijiu. When Xiaobai was made Duke Huan, Gong Zijiu was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After Guan Zhong was hired, he was in charge of Qi State, which led to Qi Huangong's hegemony, meeting with governors and saving the world for many times. All these were Guan Zhong's strategies.

Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao, and I often got more money by myself. Uncle Bao didn't treat me like a greedy man, but he knew I was poor. I used to work for Uncle Bao, but then things got even more embarrassing and got out of hand. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows that the timing is favorable and unfavorable. I've been an official three times, and I've been driven away three times by the monarch. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like an incompetent person. He knew that I had no luck. I fought three wars and retired three times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am a coward. He knows that I have an old mother at home. After Miyako failed to compete for the throne for a long time, my colleague Zhao suddenly committed suicide, and I was locked in a deep prison to drag out an ignoble existence. Uncle Bao didn't think I was * * *. He knows that I will not be ashamed of losing my part, but I am ashamed that my reputation has never been shown off in the world. My parents gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao knows me! "

6. Sun Quan's classical Chinese translation of Reusing the Prince of Wu Lv Fan received Lv Fan, a herdsman from Yangzhou, and died before the letter was printed. At the beginning, Sun Ce made Fan Dian's financial plan. When the prince of Wu was young, he wanted something from himself, but Fan would turn a blind eye and dare not be ambitious. He was looking forward to it. The prince of Wu kept his admiration for Yang and took it for himself, making plans or materials to hide it. Zhou Gu, a meritorious minister, wrote a book for Fu, which made Wang happy for a while. After reunification, Fan Zhizhong won the trust, and Gu can dominate many books and do everything.

The prince of Wu made Yangzhou a priest, and died before the seal was issued. At first, Sun Ce put Lv Fan in charge of finance and economy. At that time, Sun Quan, the prince of Wu, was young and privately borrowed money from Lv Fan. Lv Fan insisted on telling him that he was afraid to grant permission at will. So Sun Quan was disgusted with him at that time. Later, Sun Quan represented yang xian for private use. Sun Ce sometimes conducted audit reviews, and Miyako Valley made false accounts for Sun Quan, so that he was not accused. Sun Quan was very satisfied with him at that time. But after Sun Quan ruled the country, he thought Lv Fan was loyal and trusted, while Zhou Gu was good at cheating and forging books and documents, so he was not hired.