What is the current situation of logistics e-commerce in China?

Logistics is one of the elements of e-commerce. With the further development of e-commerce, logistics plays an increasingly prominent role in e-commerce. In developed countries in Europe and America, the development of logistics has gone through decades. In the United States, its logistics development has been nearly 90 years since 19 15. In the era of e-commerce based on network communication, its e-commerce logistics should also be very developed. In China, logistics started late and its level was low. In today's e-commerce era, there are still many problems in the development of modern logistics that can support e-commerce activities. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the current situation and existing problems of e-commerce logistics in China and find out the countermeasures to solve the problems.

The current situation of e-commerce logistics in China: the current situation of e-commerce logistics enterprises

According to the different ownership nature and management mode of logistics enterprises in China at present, logistics enterprises can be divided into two categories: one is holding logistics enterprises. Such enterprises refer to state-owned or collective enterprises under the administrative control of the central government or local governments, which have the characteristics of industry, region and tradition. For example, grain and oil storage enterprises in China, local material storage and transportation companies, and sinotrans companies. This kind of enterprise only carries on the traditional cargo transportation, and belongs to the traditional logistics enterprise or the transportation enterprise with single business. But they have played a very important role in the history of China's economic construction. With the development of e-commerce logistics, this traditional single enterprise has begun to show the trend of not adapting to the development of market economy and reform and opening up, and many holding logistics enterprises have begun to carry out joint-stock reform or other forms of restructuring.

The other is an uncontrolled logistics enterprise. This kind of enterprise refers to all kinds of private enterprises, joint ventures, foreign-funded enterprises and new logistics enterprises directly established in the form of joint-stock system, which are cultivated by the market and operate according to market rules. They are characterized by strong professionalism, high degree of automation and informatization, and small scale. Such enterprises not only manage the transportation of goods, but also carry out value-added services such as logistics planning, distribution center planning, warehousing management and information exchange, and distribute products and services to all parts of the world through roads, railways, sea transportation, air transportation and the Internet. It is a model enterprise of modern e-commerce logistics.

At present, the number of e-commerce logistics enterprises in China has reached a certain scale. Among more than 700 chain enterprises in China, some large chain enterprises have established their own distribution centers. There are also nearly 40 listed companies in China involved in the logistics industry. At the same time, many foreign logistics enterprises and express delivery giants have flocked to China, because they are optimistic about the logistics market of China after its entry into WTO. Japan Post, a wholly-owned Japanese logistics company, continued to set up branches in China and Shanghai, and then successively set up logistics branches in Tianjin, Qingdao, Guangzhou and Dalian. At present, there are more than 1000 distribution centers in China, which participate in the fierce competition in China logistics market together with foreign logistics enterprises.

Current situation of logistics infrastructure

Logistics infrastructure mainly includes roads, railways, ports, airports and network communication infrastructure. By the end of 2002, China's highway mileage reached1765,200 km, of which expressway's mileage reached 25 1000 km, ranking second in the world. The construction progress of "five vertical and seven horizontal" national trunk lines has also been greatly accelerated. The national railway operating mileage is 7 1.90 million kilometers, ranking third in the world. Among them, the electrification mileage of double-track railway reaches 42,000 kilometers, and the annual cargo turnover is/kloc-0 1.54768 billion tons kilometers. There are *** 14 1 civil airports in China, with an annual air cargo turnover of 565,438+600 million tons kilometers and a cargo transportation volume of 202 1 10,000 tons. The number of scheduled flights reached 1 176. Among them, domestic routes 10 15, cities 130, international routes 16 1, 33 countries and 62 cities. Air transport capacity has been significantly enhanced. There are 33,450 productive berths and 822 deep-water berths in the coastal and inland rivers of China. The container throughput exceeds 27 million TEUs, and the cargo throughput is 2.68 billion tons. Seven ports exceed 654.38 billion tons, among which Shanghai and Shenzhen are among the top ten container ports in the world.

Network information and communication facilities have developed rapidly. As of July 2003, there were 68 million Internet users in China. The total number of computers accessing the Internet reached 25.72 million; Number of domain names registered under. Cn is 250651; Www website (excluding. Edu sites) reached 47,900; The total international export bandwidth is18599 MB; ; The total number of IP addresses is 3208480. The total number of optical cable lines in China is 2.25 million kilometers; Digital microwave lines are more than 60,000 kilometers. In the fields of program-controlled switching and optical fiber communication, China has also reached the advanced level in the world. A number of international submarine optical cables have been built and opened in China, Japan, Asia, Europe, China and the United States, greatly enhancing China's international communication capability.

Current situation of management ability and service level of logistics enterprises

Although the number of logistics enterprises in China has reached a certain scale, the number of logistics enterprises that can adapt to modern e-commerce is still small, and their service awareness and quality are not satisfactory. Except for a few enterprises, most logistics enterprises are still relatively backward in technical equipment and management means, and the service network and information system are still not perfect, which greatly affects the accuracy and timeliness of logistics services. Most logistics enterprises only passively engage in single-function transportation, warehousing and distribution according to users' instructions and requirements, and rarely provide logistics planning, organization and in-depth management of the whole process of supply chain in the production field of enterprises, with little added value of logistics. Lack of logistics professionals in logistics enterprises is an important reason for the low service level of logistics enterprises. More importantly, enterprises lack compound talents who are familiar with modern logistics operation and logistics management. At present, the domestic senior logistics talents are mainly those who have returned from studying abroad. The shortage of talents is mainly due to the immature and imperfect training system. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Education, in the enrollment catalogue of colleges and universities in 2002, only 9 colleges and universities have set up logistics management majors for the record, and only more than 20 colleges and universities are running logistics majors.

Present situation of government legal environment

At present, the main logistics laws, regulations and policies have been promulgated: Several Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Modern Logistics in China issued by the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Communications, the Ministry of Information Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Cooperation and the Civil Aviation Administration of China in March 2006, and Several Opinions on Promoting the Comprehensive Logistics Development of Transport Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Communications. Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-invested Road Transportation issued by the Ministry of Communications and the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in 2006 10, and Measures for the Administration of Foreign-invested International Freight Forwarders issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in 2002.

In addition, in recent years, China has successively promulgated some logistics laws and regulations, such as the Regulations on Maritime Transport in People's Republic of China (PRC) issued by the State Council, the Customs Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) revised by the National People's Congress, the Regulations on the Administration of Foreign-invested Modern Logistics Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the Regulations on the Administration of Railway Freight Transportation issued by the Ministry of Railways, the Detailed Rules on Domestic Land and Water Freight Transportation issued by the Ministry of Communications, and China.

The published national modern logistics standard is a logistics term. In addition, related documents such as Overall Dimensions and Tolerances of General Pallets for Multimodal Transport in China, Technical Requirements for General Pallets for Multimodal Transport in China and Test Methods for General Pallets for Multimodal Transport in China have been issued.

These laws, regulations and standards are of great significance to standardize China's e-commerce logistics market and promote the healthy development of China's e-commerce logistics industry.

Problems in Logistics Development in China

After more than 20 years of reform and opening up, China logistics has developed from the traditional planned economy system to modern e-commerce logistics. There are still several problems in its development.

Logistics enterprises are "small, small, weak and scattered"

Logistics enterprises developed from traditional state-owned transportation enterprises occupy a large proportion in China's logistics enterprises. Influenced by traditional management consciousness and management system, it is difficult to give full play to the advantages of intensive management, scale operation and scale benefit, and the utilization rate of facilities is low. However, emerging logistics enterprises are small in scale, lack of funds and lack of planning and management experience. According to relevant data, in the past eight years, about 70% of the newly-built logistics parks in China are idle.

There are few truly superior and competitive logistics enterprises in China. The vast majority of logistics enterprises have the characteristics of "small, few, weak and scattered". Namely: small business scale, small market share, few service functions, few high-quality talents, weak competitiveness, weak financing ability, single structure, lack or dispersion of networks, irregular management order and so on.

There are obstacles in the logistics management system and mechanism

The development of logistics industry involves infrastructure, logistics technology and equipment, industrial policy, investment and financing, taxation and transportation standards. And managed by different government functional departments. However, various functional departments lack understanding of modern logistics and unified and coordinated strategic thinking. At present, the Ministry of Commerce and the Ministry of Communications each have a series of policies and regulations on qualification certification. Government functional departments are a multi-head management system for logistics enterprises.

Local protectionism is also prominent. In order to protect the interests of local logistics enterprises, some local governments set obstacles in transportation, taxation, industry and commerce, and restrict the business activities of non-local logistics enterprises. This has also hindered the rapid development of the logistics industry.

The legal environment of logistics is not perfect.

The existing laws and regulations related to logistics are mostly departmental and regional, lacking national unified special legal documents. This makes domestic logistics enterprises lack effective legal norms. So far, there is no complete technical standard of e-commerce logistics in China, and only some industry standards and logistics terms can not meet the needs of e-commerce logistics development. At the same time, due to the lack of correct understanding and reasonable definition of logistics enterprises, there is no place for logistics enterprises in the enterprise registration catalogue of the industrial and commercial departments. Various restrictions on logistics enterprises and the legal status of professional logistics organizations and enterprises have not been recognized by law, which is not conducive to the healthy development of logistics industry.

Logistics talents are scarce

The shortage of logistics talents has become a common sense. In Shanghai, individual logistics companies even offer an annual salary of up to 300,000 yuan to recruit senior logistics talents. According to relevant statistics, among the logistics talents in China, logistics planners, logistics managers, logistics researchers and logistics teachers are in short supply. By 20 10, the demand for logistics talents with college education or above will reach 300,000 ~ 400,000. At present, the most sought-after logistics talents are those who master the theories and skills of modern economy and trade, transportation and logistics, English, international trade, transportation and logistics management. At present, there are three main types of logistics talents that are most in short supply.

The first category is macro management talents. For example, the talents who make policies and plans in government agencies include the corresponding talents in teaching, scientific research and training, among which logistics teachers are the most scarce.

The second category is the logistics management talents of various enterprises. In addition to logistics enterprises, many non-logistics enterprises also need such talents to engage in logistics work. This is the biggest demand among logistics talents.

The third is the management talents of logistics enterprises. This is the actual operator of logistics enterprises, including management talents such as warehousing enterprises and transportation enterprises.

Countermeasures of Logistics Development

Countermeasure 1: Accelerate the improvement of logistics laws and regulations and open the logistics market.

Adjust the laws and regulations of departments, regions and departments, formulate and pass a national logistics law, which will be implemented by the Ministry of Commerce of the State Council, and establish a coordination mechanism with transportation, communications, customs and other relevant departments to unify the national logistics market, so that logistics enterprises can compete on an equal footing, operate in an orderly manner and standardize management under the legal environment. At the same time, open the logistics market, introduce the capital, technology and management experience of foreign logistics enterprises, and accelerate the integration with the international logistics market.

Countermeasure 2: Vigorously cultivate logistics professionals.

Talent is the key to logistics in China. The cultivation of logistics talents can be achieved through the joint efforts of the government, universities and enterprises. The government can formulate relevant policies to encourage and support universities and scientific research institutions to train teachers for the whole country, hire domestic and foreign experts to teach and go abroad for field trips; Colleges and universities can set up logistics majors according to their own actual conditions, and cultivate talents at junior college, undergraduate and even graduate level to meet the long-term demand for logistics talents in China.

At the same time, strengthen the short-term training of logistics talents. Short-term training for personnel with relevant professional knowledge is organized by the national labor department and personnel department to meet the recent demand for logistics talents in China.

Countermeasure 3: Strengthen the construction and rational distribution of logistics infrastructure.

In addition to speeding up the construction of infrastructure such as roads, railways, ports and airports, logistics enterprises should also strengthen the construction and scientific layout of logistics centers. Local governments should make overall plans, correctly guide the layout of logistics enterprises, and build logistics centers, including logistics warehouses, distribution centers, and communication network foundations. Only by scientifically and reasonably arranging logistics centers can we improve the speed and efficiency of logistics. For example, China Storage Logistics, a large logistics enterprise in China, has established 26 major large warehouses and logistics distribution centers in Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Nanjing, Luoyang, Wuxi, Tianjin, Shenyang, Shijiazhuang, Jiaozhou, Wuhan, xi, Chongqing, Xianyang, Chengdu, Dalian and other transportation centers and economically developed areas. This is one of the typical examples of China's logistics enterprises inheriting the original infrastructure and rationally relocating it.

Countermeasure 4: Improve the scientific level of logistics management.

First, the relevant state departments have accelerated the formulation and improvement of logistics industry standards. The formulation of industry standards should be based on domestic reality and in line with international standards. The formulation and promotion of industry standards will be beneficial to the scientific management, rapid distribution, internal and external coordinated transport, settlement, inquiry and monitoring of logistics enterprises across the country.

The second is to improve the management level of logistics enterprises. Logistics enterprises need high-level logistics professional managers to improve their management level. Logistics enterprises should always select and train their own managers, so that they can update their management theoretical knowledge in real time, learn new management experience and create greater benefits for enterprises. At the same time, logistics enterprises can also strengthen cooperation and exchanges with foreign enterprises with advanced logistics management experience and improve their own logistics management level.

Promoting the development of e-commerce requires efficient modern logistics. With the deepening of China's reform and opening-up, China's logistics industry has developed and strengthened through self-awareness, finding out the gap, continuous learning and continuous improvement. This will definitely have a positive impact on the development of e-commerce in China and push China's economy into a new era.