Topographic survey of Datong city

Datong topography Datong is located at the junction of Shanxi platform anticline and Yinshan uplift of North China platform. Beikou uplift in the north, Datong-Jingle depression in the southwest, and Sanggan River new fault depression in the southeast. In this area, a series of structural relics have been formed during the multi-stage crustal structural changes, especially during the Yanshan movement and Himalayan movement, with the development of neotectonic movement and frequent seismic activity. In the east, Datong Volcano Group, a world-famous geological wonder, and Tengchong, Yunnan Province constitute two major volcanic groups. [3]

Geomorphology, Datong mountain area covers an area of 278 square kilometers, accounting for13.4% of the total area; Hilly area 1 177 square kilometers, accounting for 56.6% of the total area; Pingchuan covers an area of 626 square kilometers, accounting for only 30% of the total area. Among them, mountains and hills are mainly concentrated in the west, north and northeast, while Pingchuan District is located in the southeast. This constitutes the main characteristics of Datong, which is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, and the terrain inclines from northwest to southeast. [3]

Datong is located at the intersection of Yinshan Mountain in the south, Yanshan Mountain in the east, Luliang Mountain in the north and Taihang Mountain in the north, and it is the passage for birds headed by geese in the middle to migrate southward. The northwest mountains belong to the yinshan mountains and Luliang Mountains, mainly including Dengbai Mountain, Shuang Shan, Erlang Mountain, Yunmen Mountain and Cailiang Mountain. The mountains in the southeast belong to Taihang Mountain, mainly including Hengshan Mountain, Taibai Mountain and Liuling Mountain. The overall elevation of the city is between1000 ~1500m. The highest point is Huangyangjian in Liulingshan, Yanggao County (2420m above sea level), and the lowest point is the He Ran exit of Huata Village, Lingqiu County (558m above sea level). Sanggan River runs through the city from southwest to northeast, forming a trough basin with high periphery, low middle and two mountains and one river. Besides Sanggan River, the main rivers in China are Yu He, Nanyang River, Liu Hu, Tanghe River and Cangtou River, which belong to Haihe River system.

The terrain of England: from west to east, it is divided into four parts: the Midland Plain centered on the Severn River basin; Highlands about 200 meters above sea level; London basin; Wilder Hills.

Wales: The area is mountainous and rugged.

Scotland and many small islands around it: the whole area is mountainous, and only the middle part is relatively flat.

Northern Ireland: There are many lakes in Northern Ireland, and the largest lake in Britain, Neihu, is located in it. Plain along the lake

What is the topography of Sichuan? Basin.

Chengdu is a relatively central plain.

Most of them are above the surrounding cities.

Sichuan Basin (Bashu Basin and Envelope Basin) covers an area of more than 260,000 square kilometers, accounting for 46% of the area of Sichuan Province. Sichuan Basin is bounded by Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountains in the west, Qinling Mountains in the north, Loess Plateau in the east, mountainous areas in western Hunan and Hubei, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau in the south, Micang Mountain in the north, Dalou Mountain in the south, Wushan Mountain in the east, Qionglai Mountain in the west, Longmen Mountain in the northwest, Daba Mountain in the northeast, Liangshan Mountain in the southwest and Wuling Mountain in the southeast. The rocks here are mainly composed of purple sandstone and shale. These two kinds of rocks are easily weathered and develop into purple soil. Purple soil is rich in nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium, and it is the most fertile natural soil in China. Sichuan Basin is the most concentrated place of purple soil in China, and it has the reputation of "purple basin". The bottom area of Sichuan Basin is about 6.5438+0.6 million square kilometers. According to its geographical differences, it can be divided into three parts: western Sichuan plain, hills in central Sichuan and parallel mountains and valleys in eastern Sichuan.

Sichuan Basin can be divided into five parts: East Sichuan, West Sichuan, South Sichuan, North Sichuan and Middle Sichuan.

Geographically, there are Taihang Mountain in the west, Yanshan Mountain in the north, Bohai Sea in the east, northern plain in the south, high in the northwest and low in the southeast. Rivers and geographical locations have been called "bays" since ancient times. The plain area is a transportation hub connecting the Central Plains with the northeast and northwest regions.

Beijing is located at 39 56' north latitude and116 20' east longitude, occupying the northern end of the northern plain of China with a total area? 16800 square kilometers.

Beijing's western, northern, northeastern and surrounding mountains, continuous open plains, southeast group. The western mountainous area is called Xishan Mountain, and the northern mountainous area is called the intersection of Junshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Yanshan Mountain and Shanguangou Mountain. On the western edge of the entire orogenic belt in Pinggu, Northeast China, Yanshan Mountain and Jundu Mountain intersect in Chaobai River Basin. Various mountain ranges extending in the west, north and northeast form a semicircle and extend to the southeast bay. ? 104 18 square kilometers mountain area, accounting for about 62% of the total area? Dongling Mountain, the highest peak in the western world, is 2303 meters high.

The main rivers in Haihe River Basin are Yongding River, Chaobai River, North Canal, Juma River and Jijun River. These rivers all originate from the northwest mountainous areas and even the Mongolian plateau. He Ju River and Yongding River directly flow into the sea, while Chaobai New River, Yongding New River Juma River and North Canal flow into Haihe River and Bohai Sea.

"All four seasons are good news, and the new autumn is the best" belongs to the continental monsoon climate, with moderate rainfall, four distinct seasons and long frost-free period, and the annual average temperature is 8- 12 degrees Celsius. Winter is cold and dry, and when it is windy and dusty; Summer is wet and rainy. The average annual rainfall is 600 mm, and the seasonal distribution of rainfall is very uneven. 70% of the rainfall is concentrated in July, August and September. The best season is as early as late April and June, and the end of August-1 1.

The letter images of ancient men in China, surrounded by mountains and rivers, are better than "the mountains and rivers are washed away, and the Ahuan area is preserved", which is the main intersection of landscapes and "becoming an eternal imperial capital" Tianfu.

The topography of Hunan province belongs to the transition zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Jiangnan hills and from Nanling Mountains to Jianghan Plain.

There are Wuling Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain in Xiangxi, which are located between 1000- 1500 meters above sea level, and are the barriers to east-west traffic in Hunan Province. From Chengbu Miao Autonomous County to Xuefeng Mountain in Yiyang, it is the watershed between Zishui and Shui Yuan, and also the boundary between the natural conditions in the east and west of Hunan.

There are Nanling Mountains in southern Hunan, and the peaks are all above 1000 meters above sea level, extending from east to west. It is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Pearl River, and many mountain basins and valleys are the main traffic routes.

There are Mufu Mountain, Li Anyun Mountain, Jiuling Mountain, Wugong Mountain, Wanyang Mountain and Zhuguang Mountain in eastern Hunan, with an altitude of 500- 1000 meters, all of which run from northeast to southwest. Central Hunan is a hill below 500 meters above sea level, and the platforms are widely distributed. Most of these basins are connected by river valleys, and there are river alluvial plains.

The northern part of Hunan is Dongting Lake and the alluvial plain of rivers and lakes in Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Li, with an altitude of more than 50 meters.

The province is surrounded by mountains on the east, west and south, and gradually inclines to the middle and northeast, forming a horseshoe shape with asymmetric opening to the northeast. The distribution of points above 2000 meters above sea level in the whole province is basically consistent with the overall characteristics of the terrain, and they are all concentrated in the mountains on the east, south and west. Shennong Peak (Mao Feng) in Yanling County is the highest point in the province, with an altitude of 2 122.35 meters. There is Bamian Mountain in Guidong County in the southeast, with the highest peak at 2042 meters above sea level. There is a leek ridge in Daoxian County, southern Hunan, with the highest peak at an altitude of 2009 meters. There is Ding Erbao in Chengbu County in the southwest, with the highest peak at 2024 meters above sea level. There is Huping Mountain in the northwest of Shimen County, with the highest peak at 2099 meters above sea level. The lowest point in Hunan is the west bank of Huanggai Lake in Linxiang County, which is only 24 meters above sea level and about 2000 meters away from the highest point in the province.

What is the topographic profile of Xinbeichuan? Beichuan County was originally located in Zhicheng, where the three rivers meet in the upper reaches, and 1952 moved to qushan town. Qushan is located at a sharp turn of Tongkou River, surrounded by mountains on three sides and steep in the north slope. The northeast and south are narrow and deep canyons, and only the upstream flow direction in the west is slightly flat.

Foquan Mountain (also known as Fuquan Mountain), located in the southwest of Beichuan County, is the highest point of the mountains around the county, with an altitude of 2038 meters. Two small rivers originating from this mountain are from south to north, one is not far downstream of Xuanping Township (town) and the other is in Tangjiashan. In addition, there is a small river from the northern mountainous area near Tangjiashan.

Tangjiashan, located not far from the upstream of the county seat, is concave in the north-south direction and looks like a gourd. Once the mountain collapses, floods can easily form siltation here.

From the rough analysis of the terrain around Beichuan, we can see that the terrain of Beichuan County (qushan town) is actually not as good as that of the original municipality. However, after the earthquake, the position of the municipality is not satisfactory to a county government, and it is not much better. Relocation is inevitable. Of course, regardless of whether the population is crowded or not, it is also a policy to move the new location of the county to Tongkou Town, which is relatively flat in the southeast of the county, except Anxian County in the south.

The terrain of Henan Province is high in the west and low in the east. Taihang Mountain, Funiu Mountain, Tongbai Mountain and Dabie Mountain in the north, west and south are distributed in a semicircle along the provincial boundary. The central and eastern parts are the North China Plain; Nanyang basin is in the southwest.

Henan plain and basin covers an area of 93,000 square kilometers, accounting for 55.7% of the total area of the province; The hilly area is 74,000 square kilometers, accounting for 44.3% of the total area of the province. Laoya tea in lingbao city is the highest peak in the province, with an altitude of 2413.8m; The lowest is the exit of Huaihe River in Gushi County, with an altitude of 23.2 meters.

Topography of Portugal Portugal is located in the west of Iberian Peninsula in southwest Europe, the westernmost tip of the European continent, bordering Spain in the east and north, and Xipan in the west and south. It is an approximately rectangular zone that is long from north to south and narrow from east to west. It is also located in the Jadar Islands and Madeira Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. The total area is 9239 1 km2 (including Madeira and Jardat), of which the mainland area is 9 1, 95 1 km2 (including Jardat and Madeira), the water area is 440 km2, and the land border with Spain is 1, 214km.

Portugal's terrain is mainly plain, and it inclines from northeast to southwest. Meseta plateau in the north; The central part is mountainous, with an average elevation of 800 ~1000 m. The elevation of Estella is 199 1 m, which is the highest peak in China. The south is hilly; The western coastal areas are coastal plains.

Portugal has a pleasant climate, with warm and humid winters and relatively dry summers. The climate changes from time to time, which is roughly the transition from maritime climate to Mediterranean climate. There is more rain in northwest China, with the annual rainfall exceeding 1000mm, and some mountainous areas can reach 2000 ~ 2500 mm. In the northeast and south of Ruhe River, droughts occur from time to time. Madeira Islands has a Mediterranean climate, which is relatively humid, with high temperature and insufficient annual rainfall of 1 1,000mm. Jardal has a humid climate, with annual rainfall exceeding 65,438+0,000mm.

The topography of Luoyang is summarized in 20 words. Luoyang is high in the west and low in the east. The territory is crisscrossed by mountains and the terrain is complex and diverse. Mountain area accounts for 45.5 1%, hilly area accounts for 40.73%, and plain area accounts for 65,438+03.8%. There are many mountains around, such as Yushan, Mangshan, Qingyao Mountain, Jingzi Mountain, Zhoushan, Sakura Mountain, Longmen Mountain, Xiangshan, Wanan Mountain, shouyangshan and Songshan Mountain. There are many rivers and canals in China, which belong to the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River. More than 0/0 rivers such as Yellow River, Luohe River, Yihe River, Qinghe River, Cihe River, Tieluan River, Jianhe River and Chanhe River meander among them.