Construction site safety measures

Safety management measures in construction site

Safety management is a management activity to realize the safety production of construction projects. The focus of safety management on the construction site is to control the unsafe behavior of people and the unsafe state of things, and to implement safety management decisions and objectives. The purpose of management is to eliminate all accidents, avoid accident injuries and reduce accident losses.

Control is the restriction and restriction of a specific factor and an important part of management scope.

Safety management measures are the methods and means of safety management, and the focus of management is to restrict and control the state of various factors in production. According to the characteristics of construction production, safety management measures have distinct industry characteristics.

First, the implementation of safety responsibilities, the implementation of responsibility management.

The construction project management department is responsible for the control and management of construction production schedule, cost, quality and safety. Therefore, we must bear the responsibility of safety management and safety production at the same time.

1. Establish and improve the leading organization for safety production headed by the project manager, and carry out safety management activities in an organized and leading manner. Responsible for organizing and leading safety production.

2, the establishment of personnel at all levels of production safety responsibility system, clear the safety responsibility of personnel at all levels. Pay attention to the implementation of systems and responsibilities, regularly check the implementation of safety responsibilities and report in time.

(1) The project manager is the first person responsible for the safety management of construction projects.

(2) Functional departments and personnel at all levels are responsible for the requirements of safety production within their respective business scope.

(3) All staff shall take the responsibility for production safety, and establish the responsibility system for production safety, so that the production system can run vertically from the manager to the workers without missing a link. The responsibility for production safety of all functional departments and personnel should be horizontal to the edge, and everyone is responsible.

3. The construction project shall pass the safety production qualification examination of the regulatory authorities and be recognized.

All personnel engaged in production management and operation, according to the production content they are engaged in, respectively passed the safety review of enterprises and construction projects, obtained the safety operation approval certificate, and took up their posts with certificates.

Special operations personnel, in addition to the safety review of enterprises, also need to participate in the safety operation assessment according to regulations; Obtain the safety operation certificate issued by the Ministry of Supervision, and adhere to the "certificate". When there is unlicensed operation for special operations on the construction site, the construction project must bear the management responsibility.

4, the construction project intends to be responsible for the national inspection and approval of construction production, undertake the management responsibility of missed inspection and out of control, and accept the resulting economic losses.

5, all management, operation personnel are required to sign a safety agreement with the construction project intends to make safety guarantee to the construction project intends to.

6, the inspection of the implementation of the responsibility for production safety, should be carefully recorded in detail, as one of the original data of distribution and compensation.

Second, safety education and training

Carrying out safety education and training can enhance people's awareness of safety in production, improve people's knowledge of safety in production, effectively prevent people's unsafe behaviors and reduce people's mistakes. Safety education and training are important methods and means to control people's behavior. Therefore, safety education and training should be timely, pleasant, reasonable in content, diverse in ways and systematic. Organize safety education and training to be serious, strict, rigorous, rigorous and pragmatic.

1, all managers and operators should have basic conditions and high quality.

(1) has legal labor procedures. Temporary personnel must formally sign a labor contract and receive admission education before they can enter the construction site and work.

② No dementia, forgetfulness, mental disorder, epilepsy, sequelae of brain trauma, cardiovascular diseases, dizziness and diseases unsuitable for operation.

(3) no sensory defects, feel good. Good ability to receive, process and feedback information.

④ Have the necessary culture suitable for different levels of operation.

⑤ Imported labor services must have the basic quality of safe operation. After formal training and examination, the input procedure is perfect.

2, the purpose and method of safety education and training. Safety education and training includes three stages of education: knowledge, skills and awareness. To carry out safety education and training, it is necessary not only to make the operators master the knowledge of safety production, but also to show the safety behavior correctly and seriously in the operation process.

Safety knowledge education. Make the operator know and master the potential risk factors and preventive measures in the process of production and operation.

Safety skills training. So that operators can gradually master the skills of safe production, obtain perfect and automatic behavior and reduce mistakes in operation.

Safety awareness education. Is to encourage operators to consciously adhere to the implementation of safety skills.

3. The content of safety education is determined according to actual needs.

(1) New workers should complete the three-level safety education before entering the site. The three-level safety education for apprentices and interns focuses on general safety knowledge, production organization principles, production environment and production discipline. Emphasize the non-independence of operation. Three-level safety education for seasonal workers and migrant workers focuses on production organization principles, environment, discipline and operating standards. If the safety skills are not up to the hot work training within two months, the labor contract shall be terminated in time and the labor qualification shall be cancelled.

(2) Carry out safety knowledge education in time in combination with the changes in construction and production. Generally, it is more appropriate to organize once every 10 day.

(3) Organize safety skills training, thousand-post training, repeated training and step-by-step acceptance in combination with production. In order to achieve a perfect and automated behavior, it is divided into a training stage.

④ The content of safety awareness education is not easy to determine, and the content of stage education should be determined with the change of safety production situation. Can be combined with accidents, enhance safety awareness, firmly grasp the confidence of safety knowledge and skills, and accept the education of accident lessons.

⑤ Under the influence of seasonal and natural changes, the purpose of educating the changes in production environment and working conditions caused by such changes is to enhance safety awareness, control people's behavior, adapt to changes as soon as possible and reduce people's mistakes.

⑥ Before adopting new technology, using new equipment, new materials and implementing new technology, relevant personnel should be given comprehensive safety education on safety knowledge, skills and awareness, so as to encourage operators to implement safety skill awareness.

4. Strengthen education management and enhance the effect of safety education.

(1) The content of education is comprehensive, centralized and systematic, and the key is repeated education.

② Practice repeatedly. Develop the habit of consciously adopting safe operation methods.

(3) Let everyone who is educated know their learning achievements. Encourage the educated to establish confidence in adhering to safe operation methods and develop good habits of safe operation.

④ Tell the trainees what to do to ensure safety, not what not to do.

⑤ Reward promotion and consolidate learning achievements.

5. When carrying out various forms of safety education with different contents, the time and content of education should be clearly recorded in the safety education record book or record card.

Third, the safety inspection

Safety inspection is an important means to discover unsafe behaviors and unsafe states. It is an important method to eliminate hidden dangers of accidents, implement rectification measures, prevent accidents and improve working conditions.

The forms of safety inspection include general inspection, professional inspection and seasonal inspection.

1, the content of safety inspection is mainly to check the idea, management, system, site, hidden dangers and accident treatment.

(1) The safety inspection of construction projects is mainly based on self-inspection, which is an all-round comprehensive safety inspection from the project manager to the whole process of operation and production. The inspection focuses on working conditions, production equipment, site management, safety and health facilities and the behavior of production personnel. When factors that endanger people's safety are found, they must be resolutely eliminated.

(2) Production organizers at all levels should check the gap of their own understanding of safety production through the state and hidden dangers of the working environment and the principles and policies of safety production in the safety inspection.

(3) The inspection of safety management mainly includes:

Whether safety in production is put on the agenda, and whether safety leaders at all levels adhere to the "five simultaneities".

Whether the business functional departments and personnel have fulfilled the responsibility for production safety within their respective business scope. Whether there are full-time security personnel on duty.

Whether the safety education is implemented and whether the education is in place.

Whether engineering technology and safety technology are combined into a unity.

Implement standardization of work.

Whether the safety control measures are strong, whether the control is in place, and what measures are taken to eliminate the management gap.

Whether the accident treatment is in line with the regulations and whether the principle of "four don't let go" is adhered to.

2. Organization of safety inspection

(1) Establish a safety inspection system and fully implement the scale, time, principles, treatment and rewards required by the system.

② Establish a safety inspection organization headed by the first responsible person and attended by business departments and personnel.

③ Safety inspection must be planned, purposeful, prepared, rectified, summarized and handled.

3. Preparations for safety inspection

① psychological preparation. Mobilize all staff to carry out self-inspection, and combine self-inspection with system inspection to form a situation of self-inspection and self-reform, while checking and reforming. So that all employees can be improved in finding dangerous factors, educated in eliminating dangerous factors and trained in safety inspection.

② Business preparation. Determine the purpose, steps and methods of safety inspection. Set up an inspection team and arrange the inspection schedule. Analyze the accident data, determine the inspection focus, and focus on the accident-prone parts and types of work. Standardize the inspection record, so that the safety inspection will be gradually brought into a scientific and standardized track.

4. Safety inspection method. Commonly used are general inspection method and safety checklist method.

① General method. The commonly used methods are watching, listening, smelling, reading, testing, trying and analyzing.

Look: look at the site environment and working conditions, look at the physical objects and actual operations, and look at records and materials.

Listen: listen to reports, introductions, reflections, opinions or criticisms, and listen to the noise of mechanical equipment operation or the faint sound of load-bearing objects.

Smell: identify volatile, corrosive and toxic gases.

Q: Evaluate the problems that affect safety, ask in detail and get to the bottom of it.

Check: check the problem, check the data, check the reason, and pursue the responsibility.

Measurement: measurement, testing and monitoring.

Test: To carry out necessary tests or inspections.

Analysis: Analyze the hidden dangers and causes of safety accidents.

② Safety checklist method. It is an original and preliminary qualitative analysis method, which makes a preliminary diagnosis and control of safety production through a detailed list or safety inspection list drawn up in advance.

Safety checklist usually includes inspection items, contents, answers to questions, existing problems, improvement measures, inspection measures, inspectors, etc.

5, the form of safety inspection

① Regular safety inspection. Refers to the safety inspection with consistent time interval included in the safety management activity plan. The period of regular safety inspection and the self-inspection time of construction projects should be controlled in 10 ~ 15 days. The team must insist on daily inspection. Seasonal and professional safety inspection, and determine the schedule according to the specified requirements.

② Assault safety inspection. Refers to the safety inspection of special departments, special equipment and small areas without fixed inspection cycle, which belongs to surprise safety inspection.

③ Special inspection. For newly installed equipment, newly adopted technology, and new construction or reconstruction projects that are expected to bring new risk factors, the safety inspection focusing on "discovering" risk factors is called special safety inspection before it is put into use.

The special safety inspection also includes the safety inspection of hand-held power tools, electrical, lighting equipment, ventilation equipment and toxic and harmful substances storage and transportation equipment with special safety requirements.

6, the key to eliminate risk factors. The purpose of safety inspection is to find, deal with and eliminate dangerous factors, avoid accidents and realize safe production. The key to eliminating risk factors lies in serious rectification and truly eliminating risk factors. For some dangerous factors that cannot be eliminated for various reasons, it is necessary to analyze them one by one, seek solutions, arrange rectification plans, and eliminate them as soon as possible.

The rectification after safety inspection must adhere to the principles of "three decisions" and "no push and no delay", so as not to make dangerous factors exist for a long time and endanger people's safety.

"Three decisions" refers to the attitude of eliminating the risk factors found after inspection. The specific person responsible for rectification will be determined after three decisions are made; Determine the specific measures to solve and correct, limit the rectification time, and eliminate risk factors. When solving specific risk factors, we will resolutely organize rectification if we can solve them by our own strength, without procrastination. When you have difficulty in solving problems yourself, you should actively seek solutions and strive for external support to rectify as soon as possible. Don't push the responsibility for rectification to the superior, and don't delay the rectification time, and eliminate the risk factors as soon as possible.

Fourth, standardization of work.

In the unsafe behavior of operators, the reasons such as not knowing the correct operation method, omitting necessary operation steps in order to work faster, and insisting on their own operation habits account for a large proportion. Standardizing people's behavior according to scientific work standards is conducive to controlling people's unsafe behavior and reducing people's mistakes.

1. Making work standards is the first condition for implementing work standardization.

(1) adopt the method of combining technical personnel, management personnel and operators to formulate operation standards according to the specific conditions of the operation. Adhere to the principle of repeated practice and revision.

② Operation procedures and steps should be clearly specified in the operation standard. How to operate, the quality standard of the operation, the stage purpose of the operation, the state of the object after the operation is completed, etc. , must be specified.

(3) Simplify and specialize the operation as much as possible, and minimize the times of using tools and fixtures, so as to reduce the requirements for the operator's skilled skills or attention. Make the operating standard reduce the mental burden of the operator as much as possible.

(4) The operation standard must conform to the actual situation of the production and operation environment and cannot be generalized. The operating standards under different operating conditions should be different.

2. The operation standard must consider the characteristics and laws of human movement, and the layout of the operation site, the use of tools and equipment, and the scope of operation should meet the requirements of ergonomics.

① When people are exercising, they should try to avoid unnatural posture and frequent movement of the center of gravity, and their movements should be coherent and have a strong sense of natural rhythm. For example, there is no sharp change in the direction of movement; Unlimited movement; Minimize the number of operations with hands and eyes; Keep your body movements as small as possible.

(2) The layout of the workplace must consider the reasonable distribution of roads, lighting and ventilation, and the location of machines and materials is fixed for easy operation. Requirements:

A. Move the object manually and try to limit it to horizontal movement;

B. Arrange the operating part of the machine within the normal operating range to prevent increasing the mental and physical burden of the operator;

C. try to use gravity to move objects;

D. The heights of the operating table and seats should match the operation requirements and human conditions.

③ Use tools and equipment.

A. Use special tools instead of bare-handed operation as much as possible;

B. When operating the operating lever or handle, try not to move too much, and the contact area with the hand should be suitable for the natural state when holding it.

3, repeated training, standard reward.

(1) Training should emphasize methods and procedures, and should be explained and demonstrated first, which meets the requirements of focused and thorough explanation.

(2) Training and homework, patrol to correct deviation.

(3) first standard, first evaluation, first reward, don't insist on consistency. If the deviation is corrected many times, but habitual operation and irregular operation cannot be overcome, negative compensation should be obtained.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) Unity of production technology and safety technology.

Production technology work is to ensure the smooth progress of production by perfecting production technology, improving production equipment, standardizing process operation and giving full play to the role of technology. It contains all the functions and functions of safety technology in ensuring the smooth progress of production. Although the implementation objectives of the two have their own emphases, the purpose of work is completely unified on the same basic point of ensuring smooth production and realizing benefits. The unity of production technology and safety technology embodies the implementation of the responsibility system for production safety and the management principle of "production and safety simultaneously". Specific performance in:

1 Before construction and production, product characteristics, scale, quality, production environment and natural conditions shall be considered. Find out the flow law of production personnel, energy supply, configuration of mechanical equipment, scale of temporary facilities needed, material supply and storage and transportation conditions. Complete the reasonable matching calculation of production factors, complete the construction design and site layout.

Construction design and site layout, after examination and approval, become the only basis for the flow and dynamic control of production factors on the construction site.

2. Before the construction, the division and subdivisional work of the construction project shall complete the operation or operation plan according to the specific conditions of the project and the flow characteristics of the production factors. This will provide specific operation or operation specifications for the implementation of partial projects. After the scheme is completed, in order to make the operators fully understand all the contents of the scheme, reduce the mistakes in actual operation and avoid accidents in the operation process. The design ideas, contents and requirements of the scheme shall be fully disclosed to the operators.

Disclosure is not only the process of safety knowledge education, but also the opportunity and goal of safety skill training.

3, from the control of unsafe behavior, unsafe state of things, prevent injury accidents, ensure the smooth implementation of the production process, production technology work should include the following safety management responsibilities:

(1) Education of safety knowledge and skills, standardizing human behavior, enabling operators to obtain perfect and automatic operation behavior and reducing human errors in operation.

(2) Participate in safety inspection and accident investigation to fully understand the production process; The link and position, occurrence and development, nature and harm degree of unsafe state of things. Explore the laws and methods of controlling the unsafe state of the object. Improve the ability to control unsafe state of things.

(3) Strictly check the equipment and facilities before use, to prevent dangerous equipment and facilities from being put into operation blindly, and to prevent the man-machine trajectory from crossing and causing injury accidents.

Six, the correct treatment of accident investigation and handling

An accident is an accident against people's will. Once an accident happens, you can't deny it on the grounds of going against people's wishes. The key is to have a correct understanding of the occurrence of accidents, and to deal with the accidents that have occurred with a serious, earnest, scientific and positive attitude to minimize the losses. Take effective measures to avoid the recurrence of similar accidents.

1. After the accident, understand the accident with a serious and scientific attitude, and report it in accordance with the regulations and requirements in a realistic manner. Don't hide, don't lie, don't avoid the importance, is the embodiment of the serious attitude towards accident science.

2, actively rescue the injured, at the same time protect the scene of the accident, in order to investigate the cause of the accident, from the accident to find the gap in the control of production factors.

3, analyze the accident, find out the process, find out the cause of the accident, people, things and environmental conditions. Distinguish the safety responsibility that caused the accident, and summarize the lessons of production factor management.

4. Take an accident as an example and hold an accident analysis meeting for safety education. All operators in the production site and process can see the harm caused by the accident and stimulate their motivation for safe production. So as to consciously conduct safe behavior in operation and actively eliminate the unsafe state of things.

5. Take measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again, and organize thorough rectification; Fully implement the preventive measures taken. After acceptance, it is proved that the risk factors have been completely eliminated; Then resume construction.

6. Accidents that do not cause injuries are usually called near misses. Near-miss accident refers to an event that happened against people's wishes, but did not cause personal injury or economic loss. But its dangerous consequence is a serious psychological trauma hidden in people's hearts, and its influence lasts longer.

The near-miss accident also exposed the defects of safety management and the weak state control of production factors. Therefore, the near-miss accident should be investigated, analyzed and properly handled like the accident that has already happened.

Seven, the main causes of production safety accidents

1, indifference to safety production awareness is the biggest hidden danger.

Whether you are a college graduate, a vocational school graduate, or the person in charge and operator of a cooperative construction unit, when you step into the door of an enterprise and enter the construction site, you should know that to do a good job in engineering construction, there must be iron discipline, and both managers and operators must abide by the law and must constantly improve their awareness of safety production and self-protection. Especially among construction workers, managers are relatively young, lack of work practice and have a poor understanding of safety in production. They think that the most important thing is to learn technology. Mastering production technology is a hard skill, but little attention is paid to learning safety production technology. Among the construction workers, their cultural quality is not high, they lack systematic safety education and training, and their awareness of safety production and self-protection is relatively poor. Some people always take chances and think that casualties are far away from themselves and will not fall on their heads, but the lesson of blood tells us that the lack of awareness of safety in production is the biggest hidden danger.

Without training, ignorance leads to tragedy. Some production and business units do not carry out the necessary three-level safety education after recruiting employees. Workers have not been trained in safety production and labor protection, lack the most basic common sense of safety production, take risks and work illegally. Once an accident happens, they panic, are in a hurry, don't know what measures to take, and their minds are blank, which often leads to tragedy.

3. Violation of safety production rules and regulations leads to accidents.

(1) The enterprise's safety production rules and regulations are an integral part of the enterprise's rules and regulations and an important part of establishing a modern enterprise system. All employees of the enterprise, from the manager to every worker and cooperative construction unit, must abide by it, especially the new workers. The enterprise's safety production rules and regulations should be relatively complete, but often the publicity, implementation and implementation are not enough, and the personnel's implementation is not effective, which often leads to industrial accidents, hurting themselves, hurting others or hurting others.

(2) The enterprise's safety production rules and regulations must be implemented in departments, work areas and teams, and must be implemented in the job site and every job post. If the safety production rules and regulations are not implemented, the following unsafe conditions will exist in the working environment:

1) devices such as protection, safety and signal are missing or defective.

2) The equipment, facilities, tools and accessories are defective and the structure does not meet the safety requirements.

3) the intensity is not enough. The mechanical strength and insulation strength are not enough, and the rope for lifting heavy objects does not meet the safety requirements.

4) The equipment runs under abnormal conditions, with illness or overload.

5) Improper maintenance and adjustment, disrepair of equipment, uneven ground, improper maintenance and equipment failure.

6) Personal protective equipment is lacking or defective.

7) The production (construction) site environment is harsh. (1) Bad lighting environment, insufficient illumination, smoke and dust in the workplace, unclear vision or excessive light; ② Poor ventilation; ③ The workplace is narrow and messy, and tools, products and materials are not safely stacked.

4. Lessons of blood caused by violation of labor discipline.

A team without iron discipline is a team without fighting capacity. An enterprise that does not require strict discipline for its employees is an enterprise that lacks market competitiveness. The lesson of blood has repeatedly told us that an employee who does not abide by labor discipline is often the person responsible for major casualties. The main manifestations of violating labor discipline are as follows:

(1) Drink before going to work and drink at work.

(2) Being late for work for no reason, leaving early and sneaking out.

(3) Joking and frolicking during working hours.

(4) Failing to wear work clothes and personal protective equipment as required.

(5) Smoking and littering cigarette butts at will in the no-smoking area.

(6) Don't stick to your post and chat at will.

(7) Irregular amateur life and listless work.

(8) work is not focused and the mind is distracted.

(9) Sleeping secretly during the night shift.

(10) disobeyed the correct scheduling orders of superiors and changed the procedures without authorization.

(1 1) Ignoring discipline, rambling freely, fooling around during working hours.

It is very dangerous to violate the safety operation rules.

Safety operating rules are scientific experience gained by people at the cost of blood in long-term production and labor practice, and are technical rules for safety production that workers must not violate in production and operation. If employees do not follow the safety operation rules in production and labor, the consequences will be very dangerous, ranging from injury to death. In this regard, every employee must not take it lightly.