What are the two kinds of porcelain in Europe?

European porcelain is also divided into hard porcelain and soft porcelain. Hard porcelain, like porcelain, is made of kaolin and has a high degree of firing. Soft porcelain is made of clay and glass, with low firing degree and white and translucent walls. The method of firing hard porcelain in Dresden was extremely confidential at that time. Although France has mastered the method of firing hard porcelain since 1769, soft porcelain was mainly used in France in18th century. Seville Porcelain Kiln in France is the most famous porcelain producing area. Madamedepompadour (1710 ~1774) is the pet of Louis XV (172 1 ~ 65438+). The decorative feature of Seifer porcelain is that rococo-style decorative patterns are painted in the center of both sides of the vessel, mostly with blue, green, yellow or rose as the bottom. From 1757 to 1764, the products of this kiln are mostly rose-colored backgrounds that Madame Pompadou likes, so it is also called "Rose Pompadou Style". The kettle and water bowl, now in the Burt Valle Museum in Paris, is a representative work. The shape of the vessel has a graceful curve in Rococo style. The two sides of the kettle and the four sides of the water bowl are decorated with golden plant patterns on a white background, and the rest are rosy. In addition, the white porcelain of Seifer Kiln is also quite exquisite, and many successful sculptors have also engaged in the design of porcelain, which is very different from the popular colored porcelain in Germany. Although the fountain of the Louvre in Paris is a colorful porcelain sculpture, its combination with the bronze base is very harmonious and it is a successful display.

In Britain, since18th century, famous ceramists such as Wilton and Josiah Wedgwood (1730 ~ 1795) have all appeared in Stoke-on-Steffech. Like Wedgwood, the father of British ceramics, josiah Spot and his son have made outstanding contributions to the development of modern British ceramics. Da Qiao Shia spot is famous for improving transfer decals; Josiah spot Jr. went down in history for finishing Hard Bone China.

1709 After the first successful firing of hard porcelain in Dresden, Germany, porcelain kilns appeared in Berlin, Austria, Vienna and Seville, France in 17 18. In contrast, the Danish Royal Copenhagen Kiln was built decades later (the kiln was built in 1775). Of course, in 1730, Denmark had recruited foreign chemists and technicians and fired porcelain with their help, but at this time the porcelain was only soft porcelain.

Founder and chemist F. H. of the Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Kiln. Miller has shown great enthusiasm for studying hard porcelain for a long time. Since the porcelain kiln was built in 177 1, hard porcelain has been continuously developed, and finally the earliest hard porcelain in Denmark was successfully fired in 1775.

Kettle and water bowl