What is industrial modularization of steel structure?

According to the different load-bearing materials, the structure can be divided into reinforced concrete structure, steel structure, wood structure and masonry structure.

Structure, steel-concrete composite structure, etc. Steel structure has the advantages of light weight, high strength, good seismic performance and easy industrialization.

Production, energy saving, environmental protection and recycling. Steel structure buildings mainly use H-beam and cold-formed steel.

The material is skeleton, which is bolted (welded) with special bolts, and the color-coated plate may have heat insulation and protection function.

Other materials with waterproof and sound insulation functions are used as the envelope structure of roofs, floors and walls, and the factory is modular.

All right. Steel structure buildings can be roughly divided into high-rise and heavy steel structures, long-span spatial steel structures, light steel structures,

Steel-concrete composite structure, residential steel structure and other structural systems.

Steel structure has basic performance requirements for steel, such as strength, plasticity, toughness and weldability. More important structure

Thickness performance is also required for key nodes; From the seismic point of view, a certain yield ratio (≤

0.85); In order to prolong the service life of buildings and improve the fire resistance of buildings, steel can also be required to have corrosion resistance and fire resistance.

First, the foreign steel structure market and technical status quo

At the beginning of the 20th century, light steel structure houses were born. During World War II, due to the need of high construction speed, light steel houses were obtained.

Rapid development; The portal frame structure appeared in the 1940s. In 1950s, a highly industrialized steel structure appeared.

House, forming a factory steel structure residential building system and continuing to this day; The climax of residential building industrialization in 1960s.

All over Europe and developed to developed countries such as the United States, Canada and Japan, color plates and cold-formed thin-walled purlins are lightweight.

The enclosure system began to be widely used. Light steel structure is the main building structure form in developed countries.

The main reasons for the rapid development of foreign steel structure industry;

First of all, the iron and steel industry provides a rich material base for construction steel.

Second, the steel structure has the advantages of convenient installation, short construction period, good seismic performance, quick investment recovery and no environmental pollution.

Small dyeing and the like.

Third, strict environmental protection requirements and full utilization of resources urge owners, architects and structural engineers to choose steel.

Structure.

Fourthly, mature supporting technologies and products have promoted the development of steel structure industry.

The advanced iron and steel industry in developed countries makes the variety and quality of steel products fully meet the needs of steel structures.

Abundant steel resources provide material guarantee, and the continuous development of new steel materials promotes the technical progress of steel structures.

It has created the popularization of steel structure industry and promoted the development of modern construction industry. In recent years, foreign construction steel accounts for about the total steel consumption.

30% of consumption, and still shows a clear upward trend.

Some new products of construction steel developed by JFE company in Japan;

1, ultra-thick H-beam, flange thickness can reach100 ~120mm;

2, composite stainless steel plate, SS400 or SM400 substrate composite SUS304；;

3. High strength steel with low yield ratio, high strength steel with 600MPa grade or even 800MPa grade, with yield ratio less than 0.8;

4, bridge materials, 800MPa grade high strength steel is widely used, low preheating type 800MPa grade high strength steel is enough.

The preheating temperature is lower than 50 DEG C;

5. New color-coated board, such as high corrosion resistance (for outdoor equipment) and high processability (good formability, use

Material used for build roofs) and "skull color" color plates used for interior decoration (color sense, corrosion resistance and chemical property

Corrosion and lubricity are greatly improved).

Second, the domestic steel structure market and technical status quo

High-rise steel structure building: From the early 1980s to March 2003, high-rise steel structures have been built and under construction in China.

59 buildings, high-rise steel structures have entered the international ranks and achieved great success. Representative works are: Shanghai Jinmao Tower with a height of 420.5 m; Shenzhen SEG Building, with a height of 29 1m, is full of concrete-filled steel tubular columns, reaching the international leading level; Dalian World Trade Center is made of domestic steel and designed, manufactured and built by China, with a height of 200 meters. At first, the main steel products of steel structure high-rise buildings in China were imported profiles or plates such as A572 and SM490B. In recent years, the variety of domestic steel products has increased, with satisfactory performance and low price, which has been widely used. However, Q420 and Q460 plates are still imported for key projects with high requirements. Heavy industry workshop: in recent years, the construction has increased rapidly and the steel structure is large. Mainly used in steel, thermal power, shipbuilding, electronics, automobiles, machinery manufacturing and water conservancy construction industries. Especially the steel enterprises in recent years.

Industry builds a large steel-making and rolling mill. In 2005, the completed area of heavy industry workshops such as metallurgical workshops was about 8 million.

M2, the steel consumption reaches 800,000 tons, and its steel technical requirements are the same as those of high-rise steel structures.

Spatial structure: in recent years, spatial structures represented by grids and reticulated shells are not only used in civil buildings, but also in smoke.

Grass industrial workshop, automobile assembly workshop and other industrial workshops, hangars, terminals, gymnasiums, exhibition centers, large-scale

Theatre, museum, etc. Terminal building, exhibition center, gymnasium, grand theatre and music built in recent years.

Large-span spatial structures such as halls are made of circular steel tubes and rectangular steel tubes for spatial trusses, arches and cable-stayed grid nodes.

The structure, together with the wavy roof, has become a novel and modern landmark building in various places. Suspended cable membrane structure

At present, the consumption is not large, and it is in the development stage, but such as the National Stadium (Bird's Nest) and the National Swimming Center (Water)

Cube) and other venues for the 2008 Olympic Games have chosen ETFE and PTFE membrane materials as roofs and walls.

Light steel structure: The steel consumption of light steel structure is generally around 40kg/m2 (excluding steel bars), which belongs to the structural category.

There are portal rigid frames and arched corrugated steel roof structures. In recent years, it has been rapidly developed and widely used in China. primary

Used in light industry workshops, cotton and grain warehouses, docks and bonded warehouses, agricultural products, building materials, furniture and other types.

Trading markets, stadiums, exhibition halls, mobile homes, storey-adding buildings, etc.

Steel-concrete composite structure: fully and reasonably combines the advantages of steel and concrete, and has excellent

Static and dynamic performance, and save a lot of steel, reduce the project cost, speed up the construction progress. In different

In this case, it can replace reinforced concrete structure and steel structure, and has little environmental pollution.

The development direction of China building structure, a relatively novel structure, can be widely promoted. Since the 1980s.

At first, it has been widely used in metallurgy, shipbuilding, electric power, transportation and other departments, and has entered bridge engineering and high-rise buildings.

And super high-rise buildings.

Steel structure residence: construction industrialization, steel structure residence is in the primary stage of development in China. A large number of low-rise buildings have been built all over the country.

The pilot demonstration project of multi-storey and high-rise steel structure residence reflects the good momentum of the development of steel structure residence. In recent years,

In 2008, the pilot project of steel structure residence has been completed with an area of nearly 3 million m2, and the steel consumption is about 1.5 million tons.

Statistics of steel quantity for various steel structures in China (2005);

Special structural steel structure 6.1%; Hydropower construction 2.3%; Boiler steel structure 4.6%; Tower mast structure

1 1.4%; Offshore platform1.5%; Railway and highway bridges 3.8%; Formwork and scaffolding19.8%;

Heavy industry workshop 6.1%; Grid and reticulated shell 0.8%; Grid 0.5%; Longmen rigid frame and lighting factory

Room 3.4%; Arch corrugated steel and roof structure 0.3%; Residential steel structure1.1%; Steel for urban construction

38. 1%。

Proportion of steel consumed by domestic steel structures:

High frequency welding H-beam 0.3%; Hot rolled H-beam16.6%; Extra thick plate 2.2%; Colored steel plate 1 1.8

%; Galvanized steel plate1.5%; Seamless and straight seam steel pipe 3.7%; Cold-formed steel 6.3%; Others (section steel, etc.). )

13.3%; Medium plate 44.3%.

In 2004, the steel for steel structure in China was about13.5 million tons, accounting for 4.6% of the total steel output of 292.66 million tons.

Domestic steel can basically meet the needs of steel structure processing, but it is comparable to foreign countries in specific varieties, specifications and performance.

There are gaps, such as high-strength and super-thick H-beam, high-strength and super-thick plate, etc. There is still a big gap with high-end products.

Third, the current situation of domestic steel structure enterprises

China's steel structure industry has developed very rapidly, and a number of large-scale steel structure processing enterprises have emerged.

The total number of steel structure enterprises has grown to thousands. Among them, there are more than 10 with an annual production capacity of 50,000 ~10. equipment

There are also 10 companies whose level, production technology and management ability are close to the international level. These enterprises design, manufacture.

Drawing and lofting are basically completed by computer with various professional software, which can undertake the steel bar joints of domestic national projects.

Construction manufacturing industry, such as: long-span bridges, giant dams, high-rise long-span housing structures, etc. In the market machine

Under the system, a large number of small and medium-sized processing enterprises came into being. Although the annual production capacity is insufficient 10000 t, these enterprises

The industry has its own advantages and specialties, which can make up for the shortcomings of large enterprises. In addition, with the establishment of foreign capital and technology

After entering China, there have been many Sino-foreign joint ventures, sole proprietorships, private enterprises and joint-stock enterprises.

The development of steel structure industry in China has formed a diversified trend in system, scale and processing direction. In 2005

The output of steel structure in China has reached150,000 t, and the output value is about12 billion yuan. However, at present, the steel structure industry is faced with steel structure.

The production capacity is far greater than the actual output, and many enterprises have insufficient tasks, so the production capacity cannot be exerted, and the gap between supply and demand is getting bigger and bigger.

Leading to vicious competition, mutual price suppression and other chaos.

Important domestic steel structure enterprises (2005):

Zhong Tieshan Bridge Group; China No.22 Metallurgical Company; Shanghai Baoye Construction Co., Ltd.; Biography of Zhongyuan

Qi Heavy Industry Steel Structure Co., Ltd.; Shanghai Guandaer Steel Structure Co., Ltd.; Jiangsu Huning Iron and Steel Machinery Co., Ltd.

Company; Zhejiang Southeast Power Grid Group; China Railway Baoqiao Company Limited; Yangtze river precision work steel structure (group) stock

Limited company; Shandong Laigang Construction Co., Ltd.; Hangzhou dida net rack manufacturing co., ltd

The gap between China steel structure industry and foreign countries: First, the concept is backward, which is in line with the sustainable development of steel structure industry.

Understanding needs to be improved; Second, the design concept is backward and cannot meet the market demand; Third, steel prices change too fast.

The ups and downs are too large, the market competition is disorderly, and the profits of enterprises fluctuate greatly; Fourth, insufficient investment in scientific research, steel structure

The editing cycle of standards and specifications is long; Fifth, steel structure processing and manufacturing, construction and installation equipment are relatively backward, and labor productivity is relatively high.

Need to be further improved.

Fourth, the analysis of the operation mode of domestic steel structure enterprises

Foreign-funded steel structure companies: wholly foreign-owned steel structure companies have high reputation, abundant funds and advanced technology.

These enterprises (such as Shanghai Meijian Steel Structure Company and Shanghai)

Butler steel structure company has a lot of accumulation in steel structure technology, comprehensive advantages and unique enterprises.

Our business and design software support system covers the whole country.

Business model: integration of design, processing and construction, in which Chongqing Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. mainly focuses on design and general contracting.

Market positioning: special buildings such as large factory buildings, multi-storey projects and large exhibition halls.

Large private steel structure company: well-funded, well-known brand, strong design, production and construction strength, high quality.

Yes, the market covers the whole country, and branches are generally set up in various regions, most of which have specific steel structures.

System advantages (such as Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Seiko, Zhejiang in high-rise steel structure, and southeast grid in grid structure).

Business model: integration of design, processing and construction.

Market positioning: all kinds of workshops, multi-storey projects, exhibition halls and other special buildings.

Small and medium-sized private steel structure companies: flexible operation, weak overall strength, average quality and wide market scope.

Focus on specific areas, relying on enterprises that have certain business relations with the owners of surrounding areas to intervene in the market, health

The production and operation cost is low. There are three types of business models:

One of the business models: mainly providing materials and processing. Market positioning: parts processing.

The second business model: integration of design, processing and construction. Market positioning: factory buildings and multi-storey projects.

The third business model: general contracting and design. Market positioning: various workshops, multi-storey projects, etc.

State-owned steel structure companies: generally large and medium-sized steel structure enterprises with wide market coverage (such as Baoye,

China Construction System, etc. )

Business model: mainly providing materials, processing and engineering construction, with a large proportion of internal engineering.

Market positioning: heavy steel is the main industry, and there are many kinds of workshops and building structures.

Five, the domestic steel structure enterprise development factors:

First, it must be market-oriented and efficient. In the field of steel structure, a good brand, the establishment of a certain owner, design

The hospital network is the source of the project. At the same time, enterprises must have strong design ability and quick response ability.

Quoting ability, accurate cost estimation and profitability (familiar with parts processing, material supply, construction and installation,

Be able to master the cost and time limit for a project).

Second, it has advantages in technology and product quality. Excellent talents, excellent software and hardware equipment, all belong to steel structure enterprises.

Core technical advantages, relying on technical advantages to ensure the quality of scheme design, component production, construction and installation is a steel structure enterprise.

The foundation of survival and development (taking Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province as an example, the R&D Center Building was specially established to solve the problem of backward talents in other places.

Worry-free, with advanced special processing equipment for heavy steel; Foreign steel structure companies have unique business software.

Support system).

Third, we should pay attention to the control of capital flow. At present, China's steel structure enterprises are generally serious, and engineering

The final withdrawal of funds is a difficult problem, and the actual operation of capital flow is prone to problems. Contribution of state-owned steel structure enterprises to existing assets

There are both institutional and procedural problems.

Fourth, we should establish a good company operating mechanism. The management mechanism and property rights of most state-owned steel structure enterprises are inflexible.

The single structure, extensive management and numerous employees have greatly restricted the survival and development of enterprises. Only truth.

State-owned enterprises with rigid management and slow development can only get out of the predicament if they implement a market-oriented operation system.

The development of steel structure industry is related to the level and speed of economic development in China. New technologies and materials of steel are not

Discontinuity has laid a material and technical foundation for the rapid development of steel structure industry. The national policy is oriented towards saving.

The transformation from rational use of steel to encouraging use of steel has provided a strong guarantee for the development of steel structure industry. Steel structure industry

Gradually become an important industry of the national economy. In 2004, the total steel structure in China was120,000 t, from now until 2020.

In 2008, the steel structure in China will grow at a rate of 6% ~ 7% every year. The steel structure industry is in the stage of development and growth, which belongs to the process.

Long-term sunrise industry has broad development prospects.

It is common for large foreign companies to deeply process steel products, extend the industrial chain and increase the added value of products.

practice For example, Thyssen uses its own raw materials to develop the auto parts industry; The new company has set up a building systems division.

Production of shell parts; Posco is mainly made of steel, and also involves civil buildings, electronics, communications and semiconductors.

Wafer manufacturing, factory automation, energy and environmental protection. Nippon Steel's participation has been extended to electronic and engineering systems.

Manufacturing, information, etc. Its engineering construction business is widely recognized in the world. Therefore, domestic steel

It is necessary for factories to develop steel structure industry by taking advantage of their own building materials products.