The Development History of Dalian Shipyard

Lushun Shipyard, built by the Qing government at a cost of 1890 in 1 393,500, was the largest military factory in northern China at that time, with 9 production workshops, including large and small docks1seat, stone berthing, railway branch lines, crane racks, iron docks, warehouses and hydropower facilities, with nearly 650 employees. At that time, its wharf was called East Asia 1 Wharf, and the tap water pipeline was the earliest tap water facility in China.

1 At the end of 902,1the cost of Dalian Shipyard that completed the construction project and put it into operation 1987000 rubles. The factory covers an area of 3 1 1,000 Lu Ping, with 3,000-ton wharf and trestle wharf 1 seat, 28 buildings such as workshops and warehouses, and complete hydropower facilities. There are 4 production workshops and 495 long-term employees. While repairing the shipyard and putting it into production, its supporting project, the Central Power Station (now the predecessor of Dalian Shipyard's main substation), has also been put into production. The Central Power Station was the only power station in Dalian at that time, with a total installed capacity of 750 kW/h for three units, which supplied power not only to the shipyard, but also to the official hall, port area and street lighting.

From 65438 to 0908, Kawasaki Shipyard leased Dalian Shipyard from "Manchuria Railway" and immediately began to expand and rebuild. First of all, some hydraulic facilities were rebuilt and built, which expanded the capacity of ship repair and shipbuilding. 19 13 In March, the 3,000-ton dock was expanded into a 5,000-ton dock, a new 1 small mooring dock and a "lifting dock" (dry dock) were built, the production workshop was increased to 10, and the equipment needed for shipbuilding, machine building, office vehicles and vehicle manufacturing was gradually equipped. 1922, the factory covers an area of 30,600 ping, with 500.35 horsepower for electrical equipment, 39 horsepower for steam equipment and 4 working boats. The ship repairing capacity mainly includes the replacement of some mechanical equipment and parts, minor hull repairs and bottom painting, and the manufacture and repair of small land and ship mechanical equipment. During this period, small steel ships have been built by riveting technology.

1in April, 923, after "Man Tie" operated Dalian Shipyard and Lushun Shipyard, Lushun Shipyard was built 13000-ton shipyard. In order to meet the needs of expanding Dalian Port, Mantie built 1 caisson wharf at Dalian Shipyard, which was completed on 1926, and was specially used to make cement caissons for port construction. If the interior is slightly tidied up, it can be repaired as a 6000-ton dock.

1937 after the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese government made a wartime shipbuilding plan to speed up the development of Dalian shipbuilding industry. 1945 Before Japan surrendered in August, Dalian Shipyard was expanded three times. The 1 expansion began in April 1938. The capital of Dalian Shipyard increased from 2 million yen of Manchuria Railway to 4.5 million yen. The main project is to expand the "sunken dock" into an 8000-ton dock for repair, build a 1 4000-ton dock and extend the trestle pier150m. At the end of 1939, 8,000-ton wharf and 4,000-ton slipway were completed and put into use. The expansion project was completed on 194 1. The expansion has increased the capacity of Dalian Shipyard by 70%.

1941February, when the Pacific War broke out, the Japanese government gave Dalian Shipyard the task of building two 7500-ton transport ships before 1943. At this time, Dalian Shipyard has signed a contract to build six 3,000-ton cargo ships, and only 1 shipyard and corresponding production capacity can not complete the new tasks. The Planning Institute of the Japanese government decided to use the original 4,000-ton shipyard of Dalian Shipyard as a 7,500-ton (6,000-ton) shipyard, build a13,000-ton shipyard, and increase all kinds of machinery and equipment needed. And increased the capital to 6,543,803,600 yen (including 8,300,000 yen added later). The second expansion project started in April 1942 and is scheduled to be completed by the end of 1943.

Due to the damage of a large number of Japanese ships, the Japanese government revised its wartime shipbuilding plan. Based on the principle of building 9 2D standard ships every year in wartime, Man Tie put forward the third expansion plan of Dalian Shipyard in August 1943. The main projects include: building five assembly lines in the shipyard; Rebuild the 3000-ton berth; Newly-built 1 2000-ton slipway; The annual output of the maintenance workshop is 14 boilers and 12 main engines; The electrical workshop and vehicle factory have also been expanded accordingly. The whole project is scheduled to be completed in September 1945. 1945 When Japan surrendered in August, most of the plans had been completed.

1August 1945, on the eve of Japan's surrender, the scale of Dalian Shipyard was: covering an area of 44,300 ping, the whole factory was equipped with 5 departments, 12 shifts, 5 firms, 12 workshops, more than 50 workshops or departments with more than 5,000 employees; 3 shipyards under 4,000 tons, 5,000-ton and 8,000-ton docks 1 seat, "lifting dock" and trestle dock 1 seat; Factory buildings and other buildings * * *142; More than 680 sets of mechanical and electrical equipment such as mechanical lifting, transportation, forging and metallurgy. The total capital is 4,654,380+0.55 million yen. The annual shipbuilding capacity is 20,000 tons, the ship repair is more than 654.38+10,000 tons, and nearly 654.38+10,000 vehicles are manufactured. The annual GDP is about 20 million yen.

1In August, 945, Soviet troops took over Dalian Shipyard and Lushun Shipyard. At this time, the factory has stopped production and the workers are scattered. When Dalian Shipyard resumed production in June+10/October of the same year, only more than 2,090 people returned to the factory. The factory buildings and equipment were seriously damaged, the wharf was flooded and there was a lack of fuel and tools. More difficult is the lack of technical personnel. During the Japanese occupation, all the technical and management positions in the factory were basically occupied by the Japanese, and the highest positions in China were only a few section chiefs and some production captains promoted the night before liberation. Under extremely difficult conditions, the ship repair production was resumed at first. 100-ton barge was built in 0/947, using Japanese riveting technology. In order to solve the shortage of technology and management personnel, the shipyard decided to stand on its own feet. 1April, 948, Dalian Chuanqu Young Technical School was established, and held four sessions to train hundreds of production technical backbones. Later, with the improvement of the national situation, some outstanding workers and cadres were sent to the Soviet Union for training and study. Recruit technicians and accept graduates from southern universities. At the beginning of 1952, Dalian Shipyard Construction Committee was merged into Dalian Shipyard. The site and equipment of the construction committee, especially the presence of a large number of technicians, have strengthened the technical strength of Dalian Shipyard and played an important role in the technical progress and production development of the factory. With the strengthening of technical force (the number of Soviet experts is gradually increasing, and the number of foreigners and talents trained by themselves is increasing) and the needs of production development, Dalian Shipyard began to learn and apply new Soviet technologies at 1948. At that time, the ship was built by "parallel flow sectional construction method" and electric welding technology, and then the semi-automatic and automatic welding technology was gradually mastered. By the mid-1950s, various barges, small tugboats and small military vessels had been built. Ship repair has also rapidly surpassed the pre-war level, and the tonnage of the repaired ship is getting bigger and bigger, and the level and complexity are getting higher and higher. The transportation capacity has reached the recovery repair level higher than the overhaul level, and it can be docked into two 10,000-ton free wheels, which can repair steam engines and internal combustion engines at various levels.

The CPC Central Committee and state leading organs are very concerned about and attach great importance to the development of Dalian's shipbuilding industry. As early as1February, 950, the preparation plan of Dalian Shipyard approved by the Ministry of Heavy Industry was a magnificent plan. On the eve of the establishment of Sino-Soviet Shipbuilding Company, the Ministry of Heavy Industry drew up the five-year development plan of Sino-Soviet Shipbuilding Company, demanding to expand the production area of the factory area, gradually develop to shipbuilding, actively build the ship internal combustion engine production plant, and determine that we will build it alone when the Soviet side does not agree. Other work has also been arranged in detail. This development plan was approved by Li Fuchun, deputy director of the Central Financial and Economic Committee, and approved by Premier Zhou Enlai. According to this plan, China and the Soviet Union reached an agreement in 1954, and formulated a five-year construction and renovation plan for China-Soviet Shipbuilding Company.

195565438+ 10, after China independently operated Dalian Shipyard, it was required to quickly change the situation of ship repair and build China North Shipbuilding Industry Base as soon as possible. In February of 65438+, the State Council approved the plan to expand Dalian Shipbuilding Company into an ocean-going shipyard with document (55) Guo Zi 137, and included it in the national key construction projects during the First Five-Year Plan period. In order to solve the inspection problems of ships, ship accessories and non-ship products, and improve the product quality, Dalian Shipyard, with the approval of the Shipping Bureau of No.1 Machinery Department, set up a central laboratory at 1955 to meet the physical and chemical quality inspection of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products and parts, as well as the quality analysis, detection and identification and acceptance of key projects, non-production processes, improvement and innovation, large-scale precision equipment and products. 1957, the State Construction Committee finalized the factory expansion and transformation scheme of 1955- 1960 with document No.5708024, which is the 1 technical transformation scheme after China independently operated Dalian Shipyard. Its design scheme is: the annual shipbuilding capacity is 50,000 tons, the ship repair is 200,000 tons, and the cast steel anchor chain is produced 1500-2000 tons, with an initial investment of 70.92 million yuan. At the end of 1960, 1 the technical transformation project was basically completed, and the factory area was expanded through land reclamation. The main construction projects include: 2 255m× 270m 10,000-ton berths, 3 75t bridge cranes, 662m outfitting dock, hull carpool room, machinery, electricians, turbines, tool workshops, oxygen stations and tools. After 1 technical transformation, Dalian shipbuilding industry has the capacity of building 10,000-ton ships, and started to build large and medium-sized ships in batches, realizing the transformation from ship repair to shipbuilding, and becoming an important shipbuilding base in northern China.

1962, the completion of the "567" 10,000-ton ocean-going freighter Yuejin, which was transferred and manufactured by the Soviet Union, marked a major breakthrough in Dalian's shipbuilding industry technology. The ship adopted the "three islands" construction technology, creating an advanced record of 58 days of slipway cycle. Before handover, it was inspected by the National Acceptance Committee, which proved that the hull structure was assembled accurately, the appearance was smooth and beautiful, the welding quality was excellent, the main dimensions were accurate, and the installation of the main engine and shafting met the specification requirements.