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The Waste Land, a long poem, is the masterpiece of Eliot, a famous British writer. It has epoch-making significance in the history of modern European and American literature and poetry art, and it is also the masterpiece of symbolism literature. From the perspective of appreciation of literary and artistic works, its artistic value and artistic beauty are mainly reflected in the abstract symbolism beauty, outstanding realism beauty, unique artistic conception beauty and the perfect combination of structure and myth. This paper uses the aesthetic characteristics of the poem The Waste Land to show a beautiful direction [1]. At the same time, through the analysis of Eliot's poems, we can understand the characteristics of foreign culture and thought.

[Keywords:] wasteland; Aesthetics; Poetry; surname

1, Introduction

Thomas storm Eliot 1888 was born in St. Louis, Missouri, USA. He is descended from a noble family in New England. My father is in business and my mother likes to write poems. As a teenager, Eliot spent his summer vacation with his parents from St. Louis to the seaside in Massachusetts. The Mississippi River in the Midwest of the United States and the sea in New England left a deep memory in his childhood, which had a great influence on his later poetry creation. 1906, Eliot entered Harvard University to specialize in philosophy and was influenced by the philosopher George? Santayana and the new humanist Owen? The influence of babbitt. He has a wide range of interests, studied Sanskrit and Pali, and is also interested in Indian religion. Although he majored in philosophy at Harvard University, there is no philosopher, but his philosophical accomplishment is outstanding among writers. His poetry creation partly benefited from his philosophical accomplishment, and he edited and wrote for Harvard Advocates. The greatest feature of Eliot's view of literature and art lies in his theory of "objective counterpart". He believes that the only way to express emotions in the form of art is to find an "objective counterpart", and the "inevitability" of art lies in the complete appropriateness of emotional forms [2]. For example, in Shakespeare's Macbeth, what Macbeth said when he heard the news of his wife's death was conveyed to the readers through some kind of "objective counterpart", while in Hamlet, it was "just right missing". Eliot believes that things that can act as "objective counterparts" include anecdotes, images, quotations, events, situations and so on. In this way, the only way for poets to express their feelings in their works is to find and describe these "objective counterparts". He finished his doctoral thesis on the British philosopher F.H. Bradley, but failed to return to Harvard University to get his doctorate. From 1909 to 19 10, all his early poems published in Harvard Initiator have traces of Lafarge's poems. Eliot met Ezra at 19 14? Pound, and established a close literary and personal relationship with him. He studied philosophy and literature in France and Germany, and Bergson's philosophy, French symbolism poetry, especially Lafarge's poetry all influenced him. 19 17 Eliot's famous paper "Tradition and Personal Talent" put forward the theory of "depersonalization" from the perspective of opposing romanticism. In view of romanticism, poetry is the expression of the poet's feelings, and he thinks that subjective feelings are only material. If you want to enter the work, you must first go through a process of transforming personal feelings into universal and artistic feelings and transforming experience into artistic impersonality. In Hamlet, Eliot believes that "the only way to express emotions in artistic form is to find an objective counterpart", that is, "a group of things, a situation and a series of events are all formulas of special emotions you want to express"; As soon as this happens ... that emotion is triggered. This is a creative method of symbolism implying feelings with concrete things, which has a great influence on new criticism's attention to discovering the hidden and ambiguous things in the text. Therefore, poetry has become a symbol, and people need to master the symbolic meaning of things in order to understand the meaning of works.

2. The artistic features of The Waste Land

Eliot is one of the greatest modernist literary masters in the last century. Even if we watch Eliot today, he still looks like everyone else. His temperament is American, which is undeniable and hard to hide. Many of his works are deeply integrated with American culture. This double memory led to the historical origin of his poems; It did not break away from the homeland of American culture, but it was an irresistible surge that baptized the poet. He embodies the global consciousness and advanced consciousness of world-class literary masters, the wit and wisdom of critics, and the emotional temperament of poets. On the road of poetry creation, he ran like a runaway wild horse in the "wasteland" of the 20th century, showing a strong sense of modernity and rebellious spirit. His poem "The Wasteland" expresses the "wasteland consciousness" of modern people in a sad and sad style, reaching the peak of modernist poetry. The Waste Land is an obscure modern classic text. Eliot doesn't like to express his thoughts directly and heartily, but he combines wit, irony and implication, tells the past and present, and projects reality by deepening legends. In addition, there is no complete narrative, but through a roundabout metaphor, alluding to the decline of modern western civilization and the decline of the spiritual world [3]. So when it was first published, almost no one understood it, but everyone was fascinated by it. Allen, a famous contemporary poet and critic? Tate said that when he first read The Waste Land, he couldn't guess its meaning, but he realized that it was a great poem. Edmund? Edmund wilson believes that there is a complete symbolic framework behind the fragments of The Waste Land. The poet used history to set off the realistic feelings and wrote about the emptiness, boredom and soul's desire for redemption of modern people. Condra? Aiken believes that the incoherence in the narrative of The Waste Land has become an advantage, and the poem belongs to a "symbolic level". Similarly, Richards (me? A Richards) thinks that it is futile for critics to try to reconstruct the "thinking clue" of The Waste Land, because the logic of this poem is not the unity of thoughts, but the unity of emotions. The effects of irrelevant paragraphs are combined into a harmonious emotional whole, which leads to the liberation of will [4]. These views are very reasonable.

In the author's opinion, in the long poem The Waste Land, Eliot wrote the disillusionment of a whole generation in his unique way, concisely summarized the general mental state after the war, reflected the declining mood of western intellectuals at that time, expressed the desire to seek a spiritual outlet from religion, and called on people to wake up quickly to "save this waste land" and rejuvenate modern people emotionally, spiritually and intellectually. The Waste Land mainly reflects the general pessimism and disappointment, spiritual poverty and the decline of western civilization caused by the indifference of religious belief in the West after the First World War. The poet's "wasteland" is full of desolation: the land is open and barren, and the trees are yellow and cold. People in the wasteland are mentally dead, as if there were piles of bones everywhere. This is an unopened loss. There is no way out for carving culture, and there is no connection between God and people and between people. They are the same individuals, but they are so strange, and the emotional communication has fallen to the bottom of only the primitive desires of animals [3]. It is so difficult to live in a barren place outside and empty inside. How to save people and highlight the silent atmosphere requires spiritual reclamation and continuous supply, so that people can be saved, escape from the wasteland and rush to the new world. In his poems, Eliot quoted at least 35 works of different writers and popular songs, and inserted six foreign languages including Sanskrit. Eliot imitated Beethoven's five-movement sonata, and divided the long poem into five chapters, namely, the funeral of the dead, the game, the fire commandment, the death in the water and the thunder. On the surface, the parts are not connected with each other in structure. Therefore, some people say that The Waste Land is a fragment of Eliot's "broken ideological system". In fact, an invisible emotional thread runs through all parts of this poem, making it an organic whole. Each part serves the theme of the whole poem from different aspects and is indispensable. The first chapter "The Funeral of the Dead" describes the desolation of the wasteland and the state that modern people are still alive. The second chapter "Game" describes the empty, boring and filthy life and mental state of the upper class and ordinary people, and further expounds the spiritual crisis that modern people are caught in; The third chapter, The Fire Commandment, explains the reasons for the existence of the wasteland with the picture of human desire shaking; The fourth chapter "Death in Water" discusses the materialistic reasons of modern people's sinking. The fifth chapter "Lei Yu" shows the poet's positive attitude to save the wasteland, and discusses the ways to save the wasteland. All parts are centered on saving the wasteland, and the form and content of the poem are unified from different angles. If any part of it is removed, it will destroy the overall perfection of the whole poem. For this reason, the obscurity of The Waste Land stems in part from Eliot's intuitive epistemology and pessimistic agnosticism. The Waste Land does have unique connotation and profound meaning, which attracts every generation of scholars and critics of every school to interpret it from different angles. This is the eternal charm and artistic value of The Waste Land as a multiple interpretation of the text [5].

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