What are the fire hazards in the textile warehouse?

Hazard sources are potential unsafe factors that may lead to accidents. According to the role of hazards in the development of accidents, hazards are divided into two categories, namely, the first category and the second category. In production and life, in order to make use of energy and make it flow, transform and do work according to people's intention in the production process, shielding measures must be taken to restrain and limit energy, that is, hazards must be controlled. Shields that restrict and limit energy should be able to reliably control energy and prevent accidental release of energy. However, in the actual production process, absolutely reliable shielding measures do not exist. Under the complex action of many factors, shielding measures that restrict and limit energy may fail, or even be destroyed, resulting in accidents. All kinds of unsafe factors that lead to the failure or destruction of energy shielding measures are called the second kind of hazards, which mainly include people and things.

The second type of hazard source is mainly used as the main body to control fire accidents.

1, human factors

Accidents are mainly caused by unsafe behavior of people and unsafe state of things. Firstly, the possible fire caused by human factors is analyzed. Human factors are mainly analyzed from two aspects: inadequate management and workers' illegal operation. The main contents are as follows:

1. 1 Management is not in place.

(1) Managers' safety management concepts are relatively backward and lack professional safety knowledge. Whether the workers' behavior is safe or not depends largely on the management level of managers. If safety management is not strict, it will inevitably lead to weak safety awareness of workers. Accidents caused by physical factors are also determined by human factors, which is directly related to whether the safety management of managers is strict and whether their professional knowledge is sufficient.

(2) Managers do not pay enough attention to workers' safety training. Workers go to work without training. When a fire breaks out, people panic and lack emergency measures.

(3) Safety inspection measures and systems need to be further improved, and the emergency plan lacks practical targeted drills.

(4) Safety manpower, material resources and financial resources are insufficient. There is a phenomenon of "only paying attention to production and not paying attention to safety".

(5) More than 70% of China's cotton textile enterprises are still using the old factory buildings 70 years ago, with low fire resistance and great difficulty in fire rescue.

(6) Forcing employees to work overtime, regardless of the human body's endurance, exceeding the human physiological limit, leading to a decline in safety awareness and a fire.

1.2 illegal operation by workers

(1) Security check is not in place. The safety inspection is not standardized, the fire risk factors before and after the post are not found in place and are not comprehensive, and many safety dead angles are ignored. Take advantage of existing security risks.

(2) Workers neglected health inspection and failed to clean up dust and wool in time, resulting in electrostatic fire.

(3) Failure to observe safety operation procedures. The equipment itself has operating instructions, and workers do not operate the equipment according to the requirements in the operating instructions, resulting in accidents such as short circuit and fire.

(4) Workers do hot work without authorization. For example, workers smoke casually, probably because cigarette butts or sparks cause flowers and cotton wool to ignite when the machine is running.

2. Physical factors

Things here mainly refer to the unsafe state of machinery, cotton wool and the influence of fuel additives in the production process. The main machinery and equipment used in cotton spinning are: cotton picker, cotton mixer, cotton opener, sizing machine, winder, cloth tester, carding machine, roving machine, combing machine, spinning machine and so on.

2. 1 Unsafe state of machinery

According to the characteristics of cotton textile technology, such as many mechanical equipment, complex technology and huge working system, the possible fire risk factors are as follows:

(1) Electrical equipment caught fire due to high heat: if the equipment runs continuously, the bearings of rotating parts lack lubrication, resulting in high heat, which will cause flying flowers attached to the parts to catch fire; Under high load, the equipment is poorly ventilated, which is easy to produce sparks, arcs and dangerous temperatures.

(2) The impact of hard objects causes sparks to catch fire: In the process of high-speed operation, due to the looseness, slippage and deformation of hardware, it will cause collision with machinery, and it is easy to generate electric sparks and cause cotton to catch fire.

(3) The factory layout is unreasonable. Most cotton textile enterprises have such problems, such as too many machines, dense placement and narrow passages, which are easy to cause dust accumulation and electrostatic fire. The machine is too dense, which is not conducive to heat diffusion, resulting in a sudden increase in temperature in a small range.

(4) The equipment and facilities are in disrepair, resulting in the equipment being used under abnormal conditions. For example, when the double twister breaks down, the steel wire of the dye vat crane falls off and breaks, causing flying objects to hit the working machinery and equipment, causing sparks and even causing boiler explosion.

(5) The lightning protection and electricity prevention facilities at the top of the workshop are incomplete and defective. Thunderstorm weather, lightning strike ignites cotton wool, causing fire, which is easy to cause accidents such as electric leakage and short circuit.

2.2 The influence of absorbent cotton

(1) There are a lot of flammable and combustible substances: the textile raw materials are mainly chemical fiber and cotton and linen fiber, which belong to flammable and combustible substances. Cotton fiber is thin and fluffy, with large contact surface with air and low ignition point. When encountering low-energy sparks, it can cause combustion, which is faster than wood 16 ~ 25 times. Hemp fiber is in bundle shape and burns faster than cotton. The burning of textile raw materials will produce a lot of smoke, accompanied by the emission of toxic and harmful gases.

(2) Friction generates heat to make a fire in production: the amount of recycled flowers in cotton picker is too large, and the raw materials and recycled flowers contain recycled silk, cloth strips and rope heads. If the recycled articles are not torn as required, they will be put into the cotton picker for recycling, which will cause beaters and rollers. Be entangled, cause friction and heat and catch fire.

2.3 the influence of fuel additives

The fuel and additive warehouse is damp. The fuel is combustible, and there is some grease. The main component of sodium hydrosulfite is sodium dithionite, which decomposes and heats up when it is wet, which is easy to cause combustion. When the temperature reaches above 75℃, it will decompose violently and release a lot of heat. If the warehouse environment is not suitable, it will cause a fire.