How does "Made in China" move towards "Created in China"?

At the end of p>29, when president Hu Jintao visited Guangdong Province, he emphasized that enterprises should make greater contributions to the transformation from "Made in China" to "Created in China". Previously, China's business department did not hesitate to spend a lot of money to advertise China manufacturing on CNN TV in the United States; In the 29 annual people's selection of Time magazine, the mainstream media in the United States, "China workers" was listed as the only group, which made "Made in China" once again become the focus of international public opinion.

"Made in China" has made great contributions to the rapid economic development of China after 3 years of hardships. However, with the constant changes in the market environment, the past development model of low cost, thin profit, high consumption and high pollution has been unsustainable. Structural upgrading and transformation is an inevitable choice for China manufacturing.

at a time when the financial crisis is not completely out of the trough, what obstacles need to be overcome from "Made in China" to "Created in China"? What are the opportunities of "Made in China" in the post-crisis era? Long Yongtu, Secretary-General of Boao Forum for Asia, was a guest in 22 Degrees Observation, commenting on Made in China for us.

Moderator: Hello, audience and friends. This is "22-degree Observation" of Shenzhen Satellite TV. Welcome to watch it. As we all know, when Hu Jintao visited Guangdong at the end of 29, he proposed to promote the transformation of China enterprises from "Made in China" to "Created in China", which once again aroused our concern about the concept of "Created in China". Under the background of the global financial crisis, what is the connotation of "China Creation"? What new historical opportunities does the financial crisis bring us? Today, we have invited Mr. Long Yongtu, Secretary-General of Boao Forum for Asia, to answer these questions. Let's give a warm applause.

Guest introduction

Long Yongtu, Secretary-General of Boao Forum for Asia, Adjunct Professor of Renmin University of China and Chief Negotiator of China's WTO Entry.

Moderator: Mr. Long, today we will start with "Made in China". First of all, there is a small question. Have you seen the blockbuster Farewell Atlantis that was particularly hot some time ago?

Long Yongtu: I haven't seen it.

Moderator: There is a plot that I will tell you. It is very simple. When it comes to the end of the human world, the final task of saving mankind is undertaken by Noah's Ark. This huge Noah's Ark was made in China, and the mark made in China is written everywhere on this Ark. What do you think when you hear the details in such a movie?

Long Yongtu: There is a certain truth, but it is a little exaggerated, because in fact, in an era of globalization, any product, if it is a product with relatively high technology content, can hardly be made in one country. So it is made all over the world, just like a Boeing plane, it is not made in the United States, but parts produced in dozens of countries around the world are assembled in the United States. Including a very simple China shirt, it can be said that it was processed in China, but its fabric, its buttons or its design may all be abroad, so in the era of globalization, it is hard to say which product is made in China.

Moderator: But in the movie, American scientists especially emphasized that such a big guy can only be made in China. Is this a compliment to us?

Long Yongtu: There may be people who sometimes give too much explanation to Made in China, thinking that everything in the world seems to be made in China now, but I don't think it can be said that Made in China is invincible all over the world.

Moderator: You have a particularly clear understanding of Made in China. Let's look at the China workers behind Made in China. You must know that Time magazine selected the people of the year in 29, and China workers were the only group on the list, and they were the runner-up. The reason for the selection is that China's economy can be guaranteed to be successful, and the tens of thousands of ordinary workers in China in Qian Qian have contributed. Is it also affirming or praising China's manufacturing to evaluate China's workers in such a high-profile way?

Long Yongtu: Actually, it reflects a characteristic of China's economic development. We in China have occupied a commanding position in the global competition all over the world with the advantage of labor force. Therefore, in the case of the global financial crisis, the decline of our entire exports has been very low in general, and some of our traditional labor-intensive products have been very low. Therefore, ordinary workers in China have supported China's economic ship, and China's economic ship has played a very important leading role in the global economic recovery.

Moderator: The domestic media also have different views on the results of Time magazine, and some people think it is a satire on China's manufacturing industry.

Long Yongtu: I've read Time magazine for decades, but I don't think much of its articles. I think its comments this time are more objective. In the 3 years since China's reform and opening up, the biggest contributors have been the migrant workers in China, from 15 million to 2 million migrant workers in China. They have engaged in the manufacturing industry along the coast of China, which has enabled us to get the first bucket of gold in the whole economic development.

Moderator: You have been talking about migrant workers, but we know that the workers in China should include more than migrant workers.

Long Yongtu: But migrant workers are a new group of workers who have emerged in the 3 years since our reform and opening up. They are part of the workers in China and have made great contributions. They leave their homes, they often leave their wives and children alone in the countryside, and they can't go home to reunite with their families all the year round, so they get a little meager salary. They have no labor insurance, social insurance and social security. Until recently, we began to pay attention to such a problem, and we owe them a lot.

Moderator: They paid a lot of money. Do you think they didn't get a corresponding return?

Long Yongtu: I think the reward for them is unfair, so now we have to compensate them for their losses in the past few years. That's why we need to establish a social security system, and the social security system should make them universal throughout the country. If our generation of China people can't compensate migrant workers, we are sorry for them, and we are sorry for their next generation. Their next generation has now settled in the city, including you in Shenzhen. They have never stayed in the countryside, and it is impossible for them to go back to the countryside. Therefore, we must fully accept them and accept them as Shenzhen people.

Moderator: When you mentioned this, I think you really talked about the hearts of many migrant workers, but I also noticed that some people were criticizing your point on the Internet recently. I wonder if they misunderstood your meaning? You mentioned in some TV programs that the road of sweatshops is probably the only way for economically backward countries or regions to seek development because of the limitations of national conditions.

Long Yongtu: I think this sentence is too bloody. In China, we can't allow sweatshops to exist. But we should understand the price they paid. I personally visited toy factories and sewing factories in cities in many coastal areas. At the hottest time, I saw our farmers sweating profusely, with no air conditioning and few electric fans. Once, after my visit, the boss of the joint venture factory invited me to dinner. I insisted on not eating. I said I couldn't eat this meal. I would vomit after eating this meal. I said you should improve your working conditions, really.

Moderator: But you just said that such a labor-intensive industry or labor-intensive factory will probably exist for a long time.

Long Yongtu: For a long time, it will be impossible for China to leave the manufacturing industry, including labor-intensive manufacturing. Because of China's basic national conditions, we are still a developing country. Although our economic aggregate may soon surpass that of Japan and become the second in the world, our per capita GDP is still behind the 1th in the world, which determines that the industrialization process of China will be very long. In addition, a major task facing China is the challenge of urbanization. The challenge of urbanization is that we transfer almost 1 million farmers to cities every year, and we will create thousands of jobs for these transferred migrant workers. Most of these migrant workers have a junior high school education or a high school education level, or even lower, so what they can do is basically labor-intensive work. This is the reality in China. So I think we should always keep in mind the basic national conditions of China. If we forget this basic national conditions, I think it will be divorced from reality, including Shenzhen, where you are very developed. But if you don't have migrant workers, you may get up the next day and the whole street will be rubbish. I wonder where you Shenzhen people are proud of.

Small Piece: Made in China Shouts Out Its Voice

On November 23rd, 29, a 3-second advertisement with the theme of "Made in China" appeared on CNN. As soon as the advertisement was broadcast, it caused a lot of discussion in the western media. The Wall Street Journal believed that this move was an offensive of the China administration aimed at enhancing the image of "Made in China". The British "Daily Telegraph" pointed out that after the Beijing Olympic Games, the China government sought to improve the status of China's manufacturing industry, and paid attention to the development of high-tech and innovative industries. The China administration needs the world to trust its brand more. The Australian reported that this attractive and offensive advertisement reflected the attitude of China companies and their desire to strengthen cooperation with overseas companies.

Made in China, while providing the world with good quality and low price, is often deeply involved in the whirlpool of various public opinions and encounters many obstacles such as anti-dumping, technical barriers and green barriers. In the past 1 years, China has been the country with the most anti-dumping investigations. In 29, with the slowdown and recession of the world economy, the trade protection and disputes against China were further intensified. Last year, the "tire special protection case" caused great concern among the top officials of the Chinese and American governments. Soon after, in just 1 days from November 2 to 12, 29, the US Department of Commerce filed 2 trade remedy cases against China. Recently, the United States imposed a punitive tariff of up to 16% on steel pipes exported from China.

It is predicted that the trade friction faced by China manufacturing will continue to increase this year. Then, in the coming post-crisis era, how should we develop Made in China? How effective can China's commercial departments make advertisements in China of CNN?

Moderator: Now, we see that China manufacturing has faced many problems recently, such as anti-dumping. The European Union continues to impose anti-dumping tariffs on our shoes, and many countries, such as the United States, restrict the export of our products with technical barriers, green barriers, food safety, etc. So how many problems are China manufacturing facing now?

Long Yongtu: I think this problem is a problem, but it's not a big problem. They impose such a high tariff on our shoes, which shows that he is afraid of our shoes, and that our shoes are cheap and good. He has no choice but to deal with us in this way that violates the rules of the World Trade Organization. Therefore, we can only take a contemptuous approach to their words or sue them to the WTO. We said, then you have the ability. You make the same shoes at the same price in China. Do you have the ability? They don't have this ability, so they have to solve this problem through administrative intervention and government tax increase.

Moderator: But we can't just have the method of spiritual victory.

Long Yongtu: The issue of anti-dumping should be viewed from both sides. Sometimes it is true that China has violated the laws of the market economy and pushed down the price desperately through vicious competition within us, thus pushing it to an incredible position.

host: that's the case.

Long Yongtu: We have overcapacity in many industries in China, so we naturally have vicious competition. Therefore, many anti-dumping problems are caused by foreign countries and rooted at home. Therefore, I have always said that to solve the anti-dumping problem, on the one hand, we should negotiate with foreign countries and point out their tendency of trade protectionism, on the other hand, we should ask ourselves whether there is vicious competition in the whole production process and whether we have deliberately lowered the price and defeated my opponent. So when I went to Wenzhou, I visited some shoe factories and some lighter factories. They said that we were not afraid of foreign countries, but we were afraid of our neighbors. Therefore, on this issue, I think we should do a good introspection. We should be rational on these issues, and don't think that foreigners are messing with us when we engage in anti-dumping. In addition, we should see that foreign protectionist measures against us have not hurt our bones and muscles. In the first three quarters of this year, China exported more than US$ 86 billion, and really suffered from anti-dumping or other trade measures of US$ 1.2 billion, which is just over 1%, so it is not the mainstream thing for our entire trade export, but we can't say that we don't attach importance to it because it accounts for only 1% and 2%. That's not what I mean. But also remind everyone that we also have dumping against others, but our newspaper is not reported by your media.

Moderator: Then we can see that the Ministry of Commerce pushed four China chambers of commerce to put an advertisement made in China on CNN at the end of 29. Do you agree with this form of advertising? Or how effective do you think this effect is?

Long Yongtu: I think the idea of this advertisement is very good. It is not made in China, not in China, but made with China. A few years ago, when I met the global president of Boeing Aircraft in the United States, he told me that he said that we were very proud. Of the more than 5, Boeing aircraft flying over the world, more than 4,6 have parts made in China, which is also an advertisement. Don't think that I built the Boeing aircraft. I made a lot of money selling Boeing aircraft, and you have also made great contributions. He used a global vision to mobilize the world to buy his Boeing aircraft. We also used this kind of advertisement to say that you bought our shirts, not China people made money, maybe 8% of the money was earned by you Americans.

Moderator: Yes, this is the problem. I especially want to discuss this with you. For example, your shirts are made in China, but they may cost $1 to $2 in western shopping malls, but our enterprises in China that actually produce these shirts only get $1 or even less. Isn't this a sad problem?

Long Yongtu: This problem was serious in the past few years, and now it is gradually being solved. In the past, China products suffered losses. Now, many of our famous shirt factories in China and garment factories in China set up stores abroad, trying to control the profits of sales links in their own hands. Some people set up R&D centers abroad, so the design is also in our own hands, so most of the industrial chain is in our own hands.

Of course, we can't master all the links. In some links, the world's rice has to be cooked for everyone, and all China people have cooked it. What will others eat? There must be an international division of labor, and we will use others if some links are done well. For example, if you do a program in Beijing, it is impossible for Shenzhen to bring everyone here. That cost is too high. This does not mean that Shenzhen TV Station has no core competitiveness, but that it is cheaper to use their photographers in Beijing. We should integrate global resources.