Reading Chen Tuan in Classical Chinese

1. Chen Tuan, a classical Chinese, was born in Zhenyuan, Bozhou. He is only four or five years old. What article is it? It comes from the history of the Song Dynasty. Volume 457 of "Records of Seclusion (I)" lists Chen Tuan's life story: Chen Tuan, a native of Zhenyuan, Bozhou, was four or five years old, playing by the water vortex. So I don't want to learn, but take pleasure in mountains and rivers. I said that when I met Sun and Pi, I said, "Jiufangyan in Wudang Mountain can live in seclusion." I stayed in this building for more than 20 years, but after a few drinks every day, I moved to Yungu Temple in Huashan and stopped at Hua Shao Shishi. I can't sleep anywhere for more than a hundred days. Sejong was irresponsible for this, so he was appointed as a doctor of advice, and he refused to accept his resignation. Knowing that there was no other way, he sent it back to the office. In five years, Governor Numamoto resigned, and Sejong ordered fifty silks and thirty kilograms of tea. Emperor Taizong was very thick when he came to Korea in peace and prosperity. In the past nine years, he has benefited from it and paid more attention to it. He was called the Prime Minister Song Guan and so on. Yes, he said: "At that time, people who fanned were useless and knew nothing about the yellow and white of the gods. There is no magical theory of spreading breathing and raising thread. If the sky is soaring, what good is it for the world? " Today, the Great Sage has a long face, showing the nature of man and nature. He has learned a lot from ancient times to the present and studied chaos thoroughly. There is really a way to be a benevolent master. It is precisely because of this that the monarch and ministers cooperated with each other and turned Dexing into the autumn of governing the country. They were diligent in practice. "Qi and others say they are good, but it's no use talking. They are more favorable, in the next imperial edict gave them the title of Mr. Yi Xi, gave them purple clothes, and stayed, so as to order. I will know. " In the autumn and July of the following year, the stone chamber was built with hundreds of words in calligraphy. Simply said: "I didn't have a large number of ministers in the end, and it was difficult for the holy dynasty to fall in love. This dagger was formed in Zhangchaogu under Lotus Peak on the 22nd of this month. " He died as scheduled, and seven days later, his support was still warm, with five-color clouds blocking the hole and the moon sticking. Prime Minister Wang Pu also wrote eighty-one chapters to point to it. There are more than 600 poems such as Fables of Three Peaks, Collected Works of Lai and Yutang Collection. He can know people's wishes, and there is a big floating object on the wall of lent. Taoist Jia wanted it and knew what it meant, saying, "There is no such thing as a child."

2. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions 1. A 2。 A 3。 (1)(4 points) (Qian Ruoshui) and go to the court to state the matter in person. The emperor appreciated it and adopted his advice, so he stopped recruiting.

("Yi" and "Na" each got 1, and the general idea went smoothly. 2) (2)(4) It took several months (Qian Ruoshui) to visit the DPRK, so I had dinner with my current friends at the monk's house, took a nap with my clothes, and died. (1 point "Ye" and "Fake Sleep", 2 points is fluent.

"Fake sleep" translates as "nap", and "temporary sleep" can be added points. 4.(5 points) Smart, educated, fair in judging cases, filial to mother, sympathetic to people's feelings, profound in knowledge, and familiar with military science (every point 1 point, 5 points for any answer) 1. Analysis: This question examines the content words of classical Chinese in the text. Answering such questions depends on the accumulation of knowledge about the text in peacetime. When reading classical Chinese after class, we should distinguish whether the meanings of important words are correct or not, and sometimes infer their meanings according to specific contexts. The explanation of item A is wrong, which can be known from the general content of the upper and lower sentences in the original text.

So choose a. test center: understand the meaning of common content words in classical Chinese.

The ability level is to understand B.2. Analysis: Generally, this kind of function words in classical Chinese should be combined with specific context to determine the specific usage and meaning of a function word.

Item a, preposition, by virtue of. B. conjunctions, in addition to/conjunctions, or; C. preposition, in/ preposition, thand. preposition, quilt/preposition, substitution.

So choose a. test center: understand the meaning and usage of function words commonly used in classical Chinese.

The ability level is to understand B.3. Analysis: on the basis of accurately grasping the meaning of the text, this topic focuses on literal translation, supplemented by free translation, and understands some key sentences in the text, such as key notional words, function words, judgments, passive sentences, prepositional objects, component ellipsis, flexible use of parts of speech, etc., and expresses them in standardized modern Chinese.

The key words to be paid attention to in the translation of this topic are: Yi, Na, fake sleep, fake sleep, nap and temporary sleep. Test center: Understand and translate the sentences in the text.

The ability level is to understand B.4. Analysis: This question examines the analytical ability of characters.

The answer to this question can be summarized according to Qian Ruoshui's words and deeds and the argumentative and evaluative statements in the article. For example, "If Shui is young and smart, he can be a writer at the age of ten" can be summarized as smart and literate, and so on.

Test center: appreciate the image, language and expression skills of literary works. The ability level is appreciation evaluation D.

3. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions: Zong Bing, there are not many words, and foreigners in Nanyang also make a fuss: D: B: C: (1) After Roche's death, Zong Bing was very sad. Later, he stopped crying and sent himself away with Buddhism, and his sad mood was relieved immediately.

(5 points, pay attention to the translation of "no, no, no, no") (2) I am old and ill. I am afraid it is rare to see all the famous mountains and rivers. I want to calm myself down and improve my self-cultivation, and then sleep in bed and visit these great rivers and mountains. (5 points, pay attention to the translation of "old illness, it's all over at once") Small problem: (The "table" in item D means the emperor of the last dynasty; The explanations of items A, B and C are all correct. )

Small problem: (sentence ② refers to the teacher of a foreign brother in Zong Bing, so the options C and D including sentence ② are excluded, leaving two items A and B. The sentence ⑤ was written by Yang Guan, a Taizu musician, who studied music with Zong Bing and had nothing to do with hermit thought, and should be excluded.

(c) The root cause is that he is a little paranoid. It can be seen from the last paragraph that if they are allowed to meet a trustworthy monarch and meet a peaceful and prosperous time, they will not indulge in lakes and seas and wander among mountains and forests. ) Small problem: Zong Bing is from Nieyang, Nanyang.

Grandfather Zongcheng is a prefect of Yidu. His father is an official in Xiangxiang.

My mother is a teacher and comes from the same county as my father. She is very clever, eloquent, knowledgeable and disciplined, and educates all the children by herself. Song Gaozong opened the gate of the yamen, openly recruited talents and scholars, and wrote a letter saying, "I inherited the throne and humiliated the title of the son of heaven. I want to invite and recruit intelligent people.

It can make Nanyang people and Yanmen people recruit them, treat them with courtesy, and be an official. "So they were recruited as Qiu Yi together, and neither of them wrote back.

After Jin came to power in Song Dynasty, Zong Bing was recruited as the Prince's Scheeren. In the early years of Yuanjia, he was recruited as Tongzhilang; After the Prince of the East Palace came to power, he was recruited as the son of the Prince's mistress and princess, but neither of them was called. His wife Roche also has noble feelings, much like Zong Bing.

After Roche's death, Zong Bing was very sad. Later, he stopped crying, and Buddhism sent himself, and his sad mood was immediately relieved. He said to monk Hui Jian, "The difference between life and death is not easy to understand. Only think twice before you act can you dispel the sadness in your heart. "

When Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, was in Jingzhou, he personally went to Zong Bing's home to get together with him and appointed Zong Bing as a consultant to join the army. Zong Bing still hasn't accepted.

Zong Bing loves mountains and rivers and likes hiking. He has been to Jason Wu in the west, climbed Mount Hengshan in the south and built a house on Mount Hengshan.

Equal the seclusion ambition of the predecessors with children. Later, he returned to Jiangling due to illness and sighed, "I am old and ill. I'm afraid it's rare to see all the famous mountains and rivers. Only by calming myself down and further improving my self-cultivation can I sleep in bed and visit these great rivers and mountains. "

Everywhere he travels, he draws some pictures and sticks them on the indoor wall, saying to people, "I play the piano to make the mountains echo." In ancient times, there was a song called Jin Shi Nong, which was highly valued by Huan family. After the decline of the Huan family, this piece of music was lost, and only one can play it.

Taizu musician Yang Guanzeng studied this song under his tutelage. Zong Bing's cousin, Shi Jueshou, also has an extraordinary personality and entertains himself with piano books.

Liu Yiqing, king of Linchuan, appointed him as a drink offering and a master book, but he didn't go to his post, so Liu Yiqing recommended him to the emperor, but at this time, he fell ill and died. In the twentieth year of Yuanjia, Zong Bing died at the age of sixty-nine.

Liu Yiji, the king of Hengyang, wrote to Stuart and Liu, the kings of Jiangxia, saying, "Zongjushi will not change his dissatisfaction. His behavior is extraordinary, and his life is worthy of praise. I am deeply saddened by his death and can hardly control my grief. " Mitchell said: "those lonely people are a little paranoid and honest, so we can't deprive them of their ideals and make them succumb to their own will."

We need to recruit talents to build our prestige, and we must convince them. If they are allowed to meet a trustworthy monarch and meet peace and prosperity, how can they indulge in lakes and seas and swim among mountains and forests? They may do it because they have to. "

4. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the following questions (1). He wants to go back to the north and borrow it from here. False: borrow. (2) Item C, "Liu Bei hated him from the beginning" error, Liu Bei did not hate Liu Ba at the beginning, but felt sorry for him. He made mistakes when he wanted to, so he was far from home, and his former master hated it. Lonely, me; Liu Ba said to Cao Cao, "Liu Bei got Jingzhou, which is no good. Cao Gong said, "If Liu Bei is up to no good, I will lead six armies to come later. "Never, more than; For example, compliance; No, disobedience. Liu Ba is brilliant and obeys me. He can be appointed, but he doesn't obey me, so it's hard for me to attach great importance to him. (4) Grasp the key sentences in the text. When the first master arrived in the south of the Yangtze River, Jing and Chu followed him like a cloud, while Ba/Ba Jian said, "If you are prepared, you will be a man. If you enter, you will be harmful. You cannot enter. "When a man is a man, he should be a hero in the world. How can he talk to a soldier (noble and proud)? Liang also said, "I'm not that far away! ""(intelligence); Do your best and die (honest and frugal); From then on, I also joined the ranks, timid, respectful, quietly, retreating without moving, saying nothing except business (respectful and cautious). Answer: (1)C(2)C(3)① Liu Ba said to Cao Cao, "It is impossible for Liu Bei to occupy Jingzhou." Cao Gong said, "If Liu Bei is plotting, I will lead six armies.

5. Read the classical Chinese, read the following classical Chinese, and complete the following questions (1) C. Sentence translation: The public uses the book Moon Order, which consists of fresh articles and sacrifices that should be offered at any time. It is also said that "ancestors should now stand upright and stand sideways, not to show respect and majesty." "Book" excludes the short sentences before and after the conjunction "and" in BD. "Take the new things of the four seasons and those who should be recommended". There is no need to break this sentence in the middle. Therefore, a. (2) C. "The ancients" should be "ancient emperors, princes, civil servants, generals, queens and other people with certain status." (3) B. "He" and "Geng", change. The woman (posthumous title) (should) live in posthumous title with her husband, posthumous title, but the queen posthumous title is "Zhuang", which is not in line with etiquette, so she requests to change it to "Zhang". Lv Gong is clever and talented. When his father was in power, he accepted many demands from others, and those who pursued fame and fortune and were keen on promotion followed suit. Answer: (1)C (2)C(3)B(4)① posthumous title, a woman (posthumous title) (should) follow her husband and is a true disciple of posthumous title. When my father was in power, he accepted many demands from others, and people eager for fame and promotion followed suit. Word, because of his father's shadow, was appointed as supervisor Cheng and Chen of Liuzhi County. During the holy year, he was appointed as a straight bachelor of Jixian College, refused, changed the management of the school, and moved to Prince Zhongyun. He was dismissed as prime minister and was appointed as a straight person in Jixian Academy. The old man said: "The government registered the property of the people and estimated that the taxes were too heavy to raise more cattle, so the fields were abandoned for a long time." Since then, cattle have no longer been included in official records. After returning to North Korea, they were judged to be ministers of Cao Nan's official department, and were successively promoted to doctor Taichang, and at the same time they were judged to be the satrap of Taichang Temple. They sent prosecutors to prisons in Beijing. Liu Qing, a pawn of Tiger Wings, denounced the rebellion and handed it over to officials for inspection. However, Liu Qing was the first to resist, and everyone refused. The morale of the army will be shaken. "He beheaded Liu Qing. He was promoted to Yuan Wailang of Shangshu Ministry of Industry and became the editor-in-chief of the History Museum. At that time, although Yi Jian resigned, he still led the compilation of national history, and Gong Chuo also resigned. Yi Jian died, returned to North Korea as a foreign minister of the Ministry of War, and was re-appointed. After the mourning period, he was also sentenced to Taichang Temple to hold sacrificial vessels. Gong Chuo violated the etiquette because the sacrificial vessels in suburban temples were incomplete. Some are out of date and rotten. Gong Chuo used Yue Ling's books and combined them with fresh goods and sacrifices that should be provided by the four seasons. He also said: "ancestors should stand upright when offering sacrifices, and now they stand sideways, not to show respect and majesty." "At the beginning, posthumous title who gave it to future generations was related to his ancestor posthumous title, while Zhenzong V was called" Zhuang "alone. Gong Zhuo said. I hope to change it to' chapter'. " Most of the things he suggested have come true. At the beginning, Gong Chuo was in Kaifeng, and Taoist Zhao, a relative of Prime Minister Pang Ji's in-laws, took bribes and Zhang Ling died on the road. At this point, the Imperial Palace Chuo received the will of Pang Ji, insisted on killing Zuo Qing, and was demoted to Longtuge and Xuzhou Bachelor. When the staff cleared the scene, Gong Zhuo said: "If a case is not decided for a long time, there will be grievances, so there will be many droughts." The emperor personally asked about the prisoner's situation, and soon it rained heavily. He was promoted to the right department doctor, but he died before he was given a lecture. Lv Gong Chuotoda is smart and talented. When his father was in power, he asked him for help many times, and people who pursued fame and fortune and were keen on promotion followed suit. People compared him to a sinus at that time.

6.( 18) Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements: (1) Geographical indications of Hexi Corridor (1) Rivers in mountainous areas carry a lot of sediment and gravel because of their steep terrain and rapid flow.

(2) When the river flows out of the mountain pass, the terrain tends to be flat, the river surface widens, and the water flow speed slows down. (2) The carrying capacity of the river is reduced, and the materials carried by the river accumulate in the foothills, forming a fan-shaped accumulation landform. (2 points) (2) Both the north and the south are mountainous areas, where the terrain is relatively flat; (2) Northwest China has a dry climate, with glacial meltwater in the foothills and abundant water resources; (2 points) Hexi Corridor is a densely populated area with a large traffic demand.

(2 points) (3) Planting grass (2 points) The climate in this area is dry and water resources are scarce, and the water consumption of trees is much higher than that of grasslands. There are two consequences of afforestation: trees are extremely difficult to survive; Aggravate the local drought. The zonal vegetation in this area is desert or grassland, and planting grass is more in line with the natural geographical characteristics of this area.

(4 points) Test analysis: (1) Figure B shows the alluvial fan at the foot of the mountain. In mountainous rivers, because of the steep terrain, fast-flowing water and strong carrying capacity, it carries a lot of sediment and gravel. When the river flows out of the mountain pass, the terrain tends to be flat, the river surface becomes wider, the water flow speed slows down, and the carrying capacity of the river decreases. The material carried by the river accumulates at the foot of the mountain, forming a fan-shaped accumulation landform, which is thicker at the mountain pass, and the farther away from the mountain pass, the smaller the thickness.

(2) Looking at the map, from the topographical point of view, the southern and northern parts of Hexi Corridor are mountainous, and the terrain that Hexi Corridor passes through is relatively flat. Northwest China has a dry climate, meltwater from glaciers, abundant water resources in the foothills and good agricultural conditions, which can supplement food and fresh water.

Hexi Corridor is densely populated and has a large traffic demand. (3) This area is located in the northwest inland of China, with arid climate and poor water resources.

The water consumption of trees is much greater than that of grasslands. The first consequence of afforestation is that trees are extremely difficult to survive because of lack of water. Second, because of the large water consumption, it aggravated the local drought.

The zonal vegetation in this area is desert or grassland, and planting grass is more in line with the natural geographical characteristics of this area.

7. Look at the following classical Chinese, Yan Shu, whose word is the same as uncle. Linchuan people in Fuzhou have a small problem1:bSmall problem 2: bSmall problem 3: cSmall problem 4:( 1) Ministers who work for the Empress Dowager, but the Empress Dowager can't see it.

(2) Last week, I criticized Yan Shu for letting officers and men build rental houses for profit. Therefore, Yan Shu was reduced to the post of Minister of Industry and magistrate of Yingzhou.

I'm used to it, and I'll get better soon. It is not worth worrying about your majesty. Yan Shu, with the same name as his uncle, is from Linchuan, Fuzhou.

You can write articles at the age of seven. In the early years of Jingdezhen, Zhang sent an envoy to Jiangnan and recommended Yan Shu to the court as a child prodigy.

The emperor ordered Yan Shu and more than 1000 Jinshi to go to the imperial court to take the exam. Yan Shu was not afraid at all. She picked up a pen and finished it in a short time. The emperor appreciated it very much and gave him a scholar's background.

Two days later, I took another test on poetry, fu and theory. Yan Shu said, "I once practiced writing this composition by myself, so please take the exam again."

The emperor liked it and didn't hide it. When it was finished, the emperor repeatedly called it good. Injong acceded to the throne, and Empress Xianming Zhang obeyed the testamentary edict and temporarily resigned.

Ding Wei, Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, and Cao Liyong, Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty, both wanted to see the Empress Dowager alone. No one in North Korea dares to decide this proposal. Yan Shu made a suggestion: "Tell the queen mother's minister that the queen mother can't see (the queen mother) after listening."

The plan has been decided. Because he followed the emperor to visit Zhao Ying Palace in Qing Yu, his entourage came late with a water board. Yan Shu was very angry and hit the man with a water board and broke his teeth. The suggestion impeached Yan Shu, who was dismissed from office and became the magistrate of Xuanzhou.

A few months later, he was transferred to Yingtianfu and asked Fan Zhongyan to teach students. Since the Five Dynasties, all schools in the world have been abandoned, and the (re-) establishment of schools began with Yan Shu.

Empress dowager cixi went to the ancestral temple to pay her respects and arranged to wear a crown robe. Empress Dowager Cixi asked Yan Shu, who responded with the dress code of Empress Dowager Cixi in Zhou Guan. At this time, there was a war in Shaanxi, and Yan Shu requested to cancel the eunuch army supervision system and not to give the fixed and rigid array to the generals, so that Song Jun could easily attack and defend and win the battle against the enemy; Recruit screen archers for training in time to prepare for the battle; Yan Shu also demanded that the surplus items in the palace be taken out to enrich the border defense military expenditure.

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