A college student, which certificates are more practical and useful?

Upstairs is full of low-end certificates.

It doesn't matter if you don't need to take the bank qualification exam, and it doesn't matter if you take the exam after entering the bank. This is not a hard indicator.

If you have a securities qualification certificate, you must go through two doors to enter the securities industry. It's simpler.

Insurance qualification certificate is also the threshold to enter the insurance industry.

The above three types of certificates are all certificates for engaging in a certain industry.

If you want to improve your ability and gold content, I think you need to take these certificates.

1. Certified Financial Analyst

CFA, the first test of global finance, is well-known in China. It is a professional qualification certification in the field of securities investment and management issued by the American Investment Management and Research Association (AIMR). Since CFA exam entered China, the number of CFA applicants has increased exponentially every year. In the exam in June this year alone, the number of CFA applicants was close to 5,000. But the passing rate of candidates is very low. It is known that the CFA certification pass rate is one-fifth in the world, and it is even lower in China.

Gold content of certificate:

In view of the formality, professionalism and authority of CFA examination, its qualification has been widely recognized in the global financial field and has become a passport for banking, investment, securities, insurance, consulting and other industries. CFA certificate holders include senior staff of world-renowned financial and investment institutions, and their salaries are also considerable. CFA's annual salary in the United States is around $200,000.

Examination content:

CFA requires the holder to establish a strict and extensive financial knowledge system and master the theoretical and practical knowledge in all core areas of the financial investment industry, including portfolio management, financial asset valuation, derivative securities, fixed-income securities, quantitative analysis and so on. The exam is conducted in English, and you must pass three levels, each level is 6 hours. Every June and 65438+February, nearly 100 countries around the world take exams simultaneously. China candidates can take CFA exams in Shanghai and Beijing.

Application conditions:

Relevant employees with college education or above. Those who pass CFA Advanced Level Examination must have at least 3 years working experience in finance, investment, management and other fields, and be members of AIMR to be eligible for CFA certificate. Registration fee: The registration fee for CFA exam ranges from about 400 to 900 US dollars, including original teaching materials and training fees, with an average of 20,000 to 30,000 yuan.

2. International Financial Planner (CFP)

With the increasing popularity of domestic financial management, all walks of life have higher and higher demand for financial management specialization, and the improvement of financial management awareness calls for more financial planners with professional skills. International Financial Planner (CFP) is the most authoritative personal financial professional qualification in the field of global financial services. It is sponsored by the International Association of Financial Planners (IAFP), and its talent training direction is financial planners who manage clients' finances. According to their assets and risk preferences, CFP provides comprehensive financial advice covering all aspects of life, finds the most suitable financial management methods for them, and ensures the preservation and appreciation of assets. At present, China has set up a financial planner standards committee and introduced CFP-related examinations and standards to China. It adopts two-level authentication system, namely, financial planner (AFP) and international financial planner (CFP), which is more in line with the local characteristics of China.

Gold content of certificate:

CFP certificate is one of the authoritative financial advisor certification projects in the world. For individuals, CFP certificate is the identification of financial experts, and it is also a powerful guarantee for obtaining high salary and higher vocational education. In the United States, the annual income of a CFP is more than 1 10,000 dollars, while in China, the annual salary of a financial planner can reach 500,000 dollars. At present, the annual income of financial planning practitioners in China's insurance industry, banking industry and other fields is generally above 654.38+10,000 yuan. If they get CFP certificates, their wages will rise. With the opening of WTO market, the demand of banks for CFP will increase greatly.

Examination content:

CFP certification includes several steps such as training, professional examination and professional ethics evaluation. Among them, the professional examination includes six modules: introduction to financial planning, investment planning, insurance planning, tax planning, retirement planning and employee benefits, and advanced financial planning, all in English.

Application conditions:

Candidates need to have a certain knowledge of finance and economics and basic knowledge of English, as well as working experience in banking, funds, insurance, securities and other related financial industries.

Application fee: At present, the CFP domestic training examination fee is about1.5,000 to 25,000.

3。 Financial risk manager (FRM)

Risk management covers many fields. In the increasingly complex and globally integrated financial market and commodity market, effective risk management and control plays an increasingly important role. Investment banks, commercial banks, securities companies and insurance companies all put forward higher requirements for strengthening risk control, and the subsequent result is a sharp increase in the demand for financial risk management professionals. Financial Risk Manager (FRM) is a title of qualification certification in the field of financial risk management. The certification determines the necessary knowledge system of risk management analysis and decision-making that occupational risk managers should master, and the GARP, the global risk association of the United States, organizes the examination and issues certificates. GARP is a financial association with more than 30,000 members from more than 65,438+030 countries, mainly composed of risk management professionals, practitioners and researchers. Gold content of certificate: FRM certification system has been recognized by European and American multinational enterprises, regulators and Wall Street, a global financial center, and has become one of the requirements of risk management departments of many multinational institutions. At present, the average annual salary of financial risk managers has reached 6.5438+0.5 million yuan, and those who have passed FRM certification are increasingly recognized by domestic financial institutions.

Examination content:

FRM takes the all-English exam, which is only the first level and lasts for 5 hours. They are all standardized questions of 140 multiple-choice questions. The examination contents include market risk measurement and management, credit risk measurement and management, operation and comprehensive risk management, law, accounting and ethics. The preparation time for review is about 14 weeks. The examination time is in the middle of June every year 165438+ 10, with test centers in Beijing and Shanghai.

Application conditions:

The application conditions are relatively relaxed, and there are no restrictions on candidates' academic qualifications and industries. College students can also apply. At present, the inspectors mainly include risk controllers of financial institutions, auditors of financial institutions, asset managers, fund managers, financial traders (brokers), investment bankers, commercial banks, risk technology operators, risk consultants, corporate accounting and auditing departments, CFO, MIS and CIO. Most mainly serve large enterprises and financial workers.

Certificate acquisition:

Candidates who have reached the standard in FRM examination, have at least two years of working experience in financial risk management or trade, investment management, economy, auditing and other related fields, and are GARP members, can obtain FRM qualification certificates.

Examination fee: the cost of taking the FRM certification examination is relatively high, and the cost of each examination is not less than 500 USD, and the related training fee in China is also 10000 RMB.

4。 actuary

Actuaries are scarce resources in China, because the cost of actuaries and international practices are different at home and abroad. Like Steven. Mi Le of Ping An Insurance Company, the most expensive actuary in China, is estimated to be worth at least RMB 3 million per year, while domestic actuaries are only RMB 500,000-600,000. Is it possible to give actuaries a high salary and hire actuaries fairly?

Bo Weimin and his friends often discuss this problem, and the bottleneck to break through this problem lies in people's understanding of actuaries.

■ Job description

Actuaries are professionals who use actuarial methods and techniques to solve economic problems. The traditional work field of actuaries is commercial insurance, mainly engaged in product development, liability reserve accounting, profit source analysis and dynamic solvency testing.

■ Professional qualification

199 July 16, China held its first actuarial qualification examination. The examination is divided into two parts: quasi-actuary and actuary. Candidates who pass all nine courses will be eligible to become quasi-actuaries. Candidates who have obtained the qualification of quasi-actuary can pass five actuarial courses and meet the relevant actuarial professional training requirements, and only after passing the defense can they obtain the Qualification Certificate of Actuary Examination.

■ Occupational status

At present, 40 students in China have obtained the qualification of quasi-actuary. It is understood that there are only more than 30 actuarial professionals in Shanghai 10 life insurance companies, which is far from meeting the needs of the development of the insurance industry. Experts believe that one of the problems in the development of actuaries in China is whether they can hire actuaries with high salaries. In addition, actuaries should pay more attention to the maintenance of professional standards while using the existing conditions to improve their skills.

■ Career trends

The attraction of actuaries lies in their high social status. Some people say that there are only two actuaries in China according to British standards, but according to the list of American Actuaries Association, there are no qualified actuaries in China. In fact, there are some actuaries with different qualifications in China, but the overall level still needs to be strengthened. It is predicted that China will urgently need 5,000 actuaries in the next five years.

5. Certified Public Accountant Certificate

Examiner: China Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Suitable for the crowd: senior talents who are going to engage in accounting profession in China.

Examination contents: accounting, auditing, financial cost management, economic law and tax law.

Examination fee: examination registration fee 10 yuan, examination fee/55 yuan. The training fee is about 300 yuan per subject.

Comments: Those who have more than 2 years' experience in independent auditing practice can apply for a professional qualification certificate after passing the CPA examination, and then have the right to sign the audit report. Therefore, the certificate is a necessary stepping stone to obtain qualification, and many enterprises clearly require the CPA certificate when recruiting middle and senior accountants.

Difficulty index: ★★★★★★★■ Accounting professional technical qualification certificate

6. Certified International Investment Analyst (CIIA)

The examination is an advanced international certification qualification examination tailored by the registered international investment analysts association (ACIIA) for practitioners in the financial and investment fields. Those who have passed the CIIA exam can be awarded the CIIA title by the International Association of Certified Investment Analysts if they have more than three years of relevant working experience in financial analysis, asset management and/or investment. Since the official launch of the 2006 54 38+0 CIIA exam, more than 5,000 people around the world have taken the final exam, and more than 2,800 professionals have been awarded the title of CIIA. Driven by various regional and national/regional associations, CIIA will attract more professionals' reference and expand its international influence; A broader global CIIA alliance will also be gradually formed.

Examination fee: the registration fee is 800 yuan/person (including one set of designated textbooks), the examination registration fee is 2500 yuan/volume, and the total cost of completing the final exam is 800+2500*2= 5800 yuan (including textbooks).

Financial advisor (RFC)

Financial advisor is similar to the financial planner proposed in China at present, but financial advisor (RFC) is a well-known authentication system recognized by all countries in the world. Its main responsibility is to help families and individuals make reasonable consumption, savings, investment, insurance and future financial planning. At present, more than 3,000 people in the world have obtained the certification qualification (RFC) of the International Association of Registered Financial Advisers, while there are only a few dozen financial advisers in Chinese mainland, and there is an extreme shortage of talents. Financial advisers are certified by the International Association of Certified Financial Advisers (IARFC).

7. Chartered Certified Public Accountant Certificate

8. Chartered Wealth Manager

At the beginning of August this year, the first batch of students of Chartered Wealth Manager (CWM), a financial professional qualification certification in the United States, graduated. These students mainly come from banks, investment consulting companies and insurance companies. After obtaining CWM, they will be qualified as independent financial consultants to provide advice on financial problems for customers. Chartered financial managers are considered to be one of the top three financial planning managers in the United States. A chartered wealth manager (CWM) is different from a financial planner (CFP) who entered China in advance. They take different positions and there will be no contradiction or conflict in the implementation of the market. Franchise financial managers mainly master the characteristics of various financial products related to personal financial management and scientific financial management methods. Franchised financial managers provide individuals with all-round financial advice, make financial plans according to customers' property scale, income targets and risk tolerance, and make timely adjustments according to changes in financial markets. At present, 20,000 financial professionals in the United States have obtained this certificate, mainly in banking, insurance, funds, securities, accounting, independent financial consultants and other industries.

9。 Certificate of international registered internal auditor

Examiner: International Association of Internal Auditors.

Suitable for the crowd: to apply for CIA, you need to have a bachelor's degree or above, intermediate and above professional and technical qualifications, a certified public accountant certificate or a non-practicing certified public accountant certificate. Teachers and students in colleges and universities with specific majors can also register.

Examination contents: including internal audit procedures, internal audit technology, management control and information technology, and audit environment.

Comments: CIA has been recognized by all countries in the world as a professional certification of internal audit. With the rapid development of economy, there is an increasing demand for high-level and professional internal auditors in China. Therefore, people who pass the CIA exam are often favored by employers.

Difficulty index: ★★★★★

10. Certified Management Accountant (CMA) qualification certification.

CMA examination is a professional qualification founded by Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) and derived from National Accounting Association (NAA), with a history of 65,438+003. It is one of the largest institutes of certified public accountants in the United States. At present, IMA has about 1 1000 members, mainly distributed in the United States, Canada and developed countries in the world. CMA and AICPA are the two most important and authoritative accounting qualifications in the United States, and they are also the most authoritative accounting qualifications in the world. International accounting standards and management standards are mainly based on AICPA and CMA.

In China, examinations are organized by the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education of China.

To take the CMA exam, you must first apply to become an ordinary member of IMA. For candidates from China, you can apply for membership through the recommendation of training institutions in China authorized by IMA. After passing four exams, you must meet the requirements of IMA in terms of qualifications, conduct and more than two years of work experience before you can apply for registration as a full member.

Application conditions: anyone who meets one of the following conditions can apply for CMA/CFM:

1, holds a bachelor's degree (any major);

2. Hold CPA certificates of certified public accountants in various countries;

3. Senior students;

4. People who scored 50% in the GRE or GMAT test within a period of time.

Examination fee: for general candidates, the examination fee for each subject is 60 dollars; Senior or graduate students in American universities, 30 dollars per subject; Full-time teachers in American universities don't charge for the first exam, and they charge $30 for each subject after the second exam. Candidates who take exams outside the United States will be charged $25 no matter how many subjects they take. At present, the examination fee in China is $65,438+065 each.

1 1. International Quantitative Financial Engineering Certification (CQF)

CQF (Certificate in Quantitative Finance), an international quantitative finance engineering certification, was designed and launched by an internationally renowned team of quantitative finance experts, including Dr. Paul Wilmott, a researcher at the Royal Academy of Sciences and the founder of hedge funds. CQF is headquartered in London, England, with training centers in new york, USA and Beijing, China. CQF builds international financial talents with international leading teachers, advanced knowledge system and practical and efficient teaching mode! At present, many professionals who have obtained CFA certificates come to participate in CQF training. CQF has won unanimous recognition and high praise internationally. Most students work for Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Morgan, HSBC, Citigroup, Barclays, ABN Amro, Bank of America, Bank for International Settlements and KPMG.

At present, the gold content of CQF exceeds that of CFA, and its admission conditions are also very harsh. Not only must the English level reach a very high level, but also the foundation of advanced mathematics should be very solid, and probability theory should be able to be used freely.

12.CIMA Management Accountant Examination

CIMA is the world's largest examination, management and certification institution for management accountants and one of the founding members of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Currently, CIMA has 150000 members and students in 156 countries. CIMA was established in 19 19, with its headquarters in London, England, and branches or liaison offices in Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Zambia, India, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Hong Kong and Chinese mainland.

In the past hundred years, CIMA qualification has enjoyed a high reputation in the international business community. World-renowned multinational companies, such as Unilever, Shell, Ford, etc. , all admire. They not only recruit CIMA members, but also regularly send employees to attend CIMA training courses. CIMA qualification is different from general accounting certification. It is based on accounting and covers all aspects of business knowledge and skills such as management, strategy, market, human resources and information systems. CIMA members are not only proficient in finance, but also good at management. In addition to serving as chief financial officer and CFO in enterprises, many members have also become general managers and CEOs of multinational companies.

Examiner: chartered certified accountants Association.

Suitable for the crowd: those who are going to study abroad or engage in financial work in large multinational enterprises need to have a certain foundation in English.

Examination content: ACCA has 14 examination subjects, including financial statement preparation, financial information and management, company law and commercial law, financial management and control, financial report, etc.

Comments: ACCA certificate is widely recognized internationally and recognized as a legal accountant qualification by many countries around the world. Members can engage in auditing, taxation, bankruptcy execution, investment consulting and other professional accountants.

At the same time, ACCA is known as "MBA course for accounting majors" because of its comprehensiveness, perfection and comprehensiveness. For those who want to work in the financial department of multinational companies, taking ACCA study can greatly improve their accounting English level, be familiar with relevant international accounting standards, and have excellent financial background and practical operation ability.

Difficulty index: ★★★★★★★

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Postscript (same as postscript); Police sergeant

I collected the above information myself, and now I contribute it to you. I am a finance major myself.

Personally, CFA and CPA have the highest gold content, and they are also certificates that can quickly improve your chips. However, CFA has level 3. If you can pass 1 after graduation, you can find a fairly good job. CFA answers in English. If English is good, the CPA exam is relatively detailed and difficult, but the gold content is also high. If you have a CPA, you can easily apply for a financial position. I see.