The development history of the Internet

The first stage: the period of network exploration (1987 ~ 1994)

China's Internet was not carried out by eight large sedan chairs, but came out of the narrow path.

In 1988, the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences adopted the X.25 protocol, making the unit an extension of the Western European Center DEC, realizing international remote networking of computers and e-mail communications with Europe and North America.

In November 1989, the Zhongguancun Area Education and Scientific Research Demonstration Network (NCFC) was officially launched. It was hosted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and jointly implemented with Peking University and Tsinghua University.

At the end of December 1992, the Tsinghua University Campus Network (TUNET) was completed and put into use. It was the first campus network in China to adopt the TCP/IP architecture.

On March 2, 1993, the 64K dedicated line connecting the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in the United States was officially opened.

This dedicated line is still the first dedicated line connected to the Internet in China.

In June 1993, NCFC experts took advantage of various opportunities to reiterate China’s request to connect to the Internet at the INET’93 conference and the CCIRN conference.

The second stage: Preparing for development (1993-1996)

The successive construction of the four major Internet backbone networks started the process of laying China's information highway.

Science and technology network takes the lead:

In November 1990, the NCFC project was established. In November 1993, the NCFC backbone network was opened and put into operation.

In April 1994, the NCFC network was successfully interconnected with the American Internet. This was my country's earliest international Internet network.

In April 1995, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the network project of units outside Beijing (referred to as the "100 Institute Network" project).

In February 1996, the Chinese Academy of Sciences decided to officially name the Chinese Academy of Sciences Internet Network developed on the basis of NCFC as "China Science and Technology Network CSTNet"

Jinqiao Network Construction:

On March 12, 1993, Vice Prime Minister *** presided over a meeting to propose and deploy the construction of a national public economic information and communication network (referred to as the Golden Bridge Project).

On September 6, 1996, the 256K dedicated line connecting China Jinqiao Information Network (CHINAGBN) to the United States was officially opened.

China Jinqiao Information Network announced that it has started to provide Internet services, mainly providing access to dedicated line group users and single-point Internet services for individual users.

Construction of China Public Computer Internet (CHINANET):

In September 1994, the General Administration of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications and the U.S. Department of Commerce signed an agreement between China and the United States on the international Internet. China Public Computer Internet The construction of (CHINANET) has begun.

In January 1995, the General Administration of Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications opened 64K dedicated lines in Beijing and Shanghai respectively, and began to provide Internet access services to the society. China's Internet entered the commercialization stage.

In May 1995, China Telecom began preparations to build the China Public Computer Internet (CHINANET) national backbone network.

And in January 1996, it was officially opened to provide services.

Construction of China Education and Scientific Research Computer Network:

In early July 1994, the "China Education and Scientific Research Computer Network" test network built by six universities including Tsinghua University was opened and passed NCFC's international exports are interconnected with the Internet.

In August 1994, the China Education and Scientific Research Computer Network (CERNET), invested by the State Planning Commission and hosted by the State Education Commission, was officially established.

In December 1995, the construction of the "China Education and Research Computer Network (CERNET) Demonstration Project" was completed.

The third stage: Content emerges as the times require (1996-1998)

China's Internet has entered an unprecedentedly active period, with applications and network management advancing hand in hand.

Building an industrial chain:

On May 17, 2000, China Mobile officially launched the "Global WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)" service.

On November 10, 2000, China Mobile launched the "Monternet Plan" to create an open, cooperative, and win-win industrial value chain.

On May 17, 2002, China Telecom launched the "Internet Star" plan in Guangzhou, marking the beginning of ISP and ICP jointly building the broadband Internet industry.

On May 17, 2002, China Mobile took the lead in officially launching GPRS services nationwide.

Applications are beginning to show their prominence:

Online education: In August 1999, in the national college admissions work, more than 200 colleges and universities in six provinces and cities used the "National College Admissions System" "The first online enrollment on CERNET was a success.

Online banking: In September 1999, China Merchants Bank took the lead in launching the "one-stop" online banking service in China, becoming the first commercial bank in China to implement nationwide "online banking".

E-commerce: On September 6, 1999, the China International E-Commerce Application Expo was held in Beijing.

This is China’s first comprehensive large-scale reporting conference on e-commerce technology and application results.

Fourth Media: On December 12, 2000, People's Daily Online, Xinhuanet, China Net, CCTV International Net, International Online Net, China Daily Net, China Youth Net, etc. were approved by the State Council Information Office for publication. News business, becoming the first major news website to obtain permission to publish news.

Online games: In 2001, Shanda Network operated the Korean online game "Legend" in mainland China and became the dominant player in the mainland online game market.

The fourth stage: Internet development enters the fast track (1999-the end of 2002)

China’s Internet has entered a period of rapid growth in popularity and application.

On April 13, 2000, Sina.com announced its initial public offering, and the first Internet stock from mainland China was listed on Nasdaq.

The successive listing of the three major portals set off the first round of investment boom in China's Internet.

The life and death of .COM is a process of constantly exploring the value of the Internet. This is an era of great waves.

Informatization is surging:

On January 22, 1999, led by China Telecom and the Economic Information Center of the State Economic and Trade Commission, and jointly with more than 40 ministries (offices, bureaus), the Information Director The department jointly held the "*** Internet Project Launch Conference" in Beijing and initiated the launch of the "*** Internet Project". The main site gov of the *** Internet Project was launched for trial operation.

On July 7, 2000, under the guidance of the State Economic and Trade Commission and the Ministry of Information Industry, the "Enterprise Internet Project" jointly launched by China Telecom Group Corporation and the Economic Information Center of the State Economic and Trade Commission was officially launched.

On December 20, 2001, the "Home Internet Project" sponsored by the Ministry of Information Industry, the All-China Women's Federation, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Science and Technology, and the Ministry of Culture was officially launched.

The fifth stage: Prosperity and future (2003 to present)

The application diversification stage has arrived, and the Internet is gradually moving toward prosperity.

E-mail situation: On average, each person uses 1.5 mailboxes, and there are more than 130 million mailboxes in Japan. The paid mailbox market is expected to reach 1 billion yuan in 2004.

The fourth media is developing rapidly: there are now about 150 websites approved by the State Council Information Office to publish news, and online media are becoming mainstream media.

Online games are booming: in 2003, the number of online game users reached 13.8 million, online game market sales reached 1.32 billion yuan, and the direct income generated by telecommunications business reached 8.71 billion yuan.

Instant messaging suddenly emerged: at the end of 2003, Tencent QQ alone had 260 million registered users and more than 70 million active users.

SMS is booming: China Mobile and China Unicom had 220 billion SMS messages in 2003, with a growth rate of more than 100%. A text message worth 0.1 yuan created a market with an annual income of tens of billions, forming a thumb economy. .

Online transactions: In 2003, the online entrusted transaction volume of securities companies nationwide was 994.7 billion yuan, and IT investment was 2.71 billion yuan.

Online banking: More than 50 banks carry out online banking services, with more than 40 million individual online banking customers and more than 60,000 corporate customers.

Online education: 12.54 billion yuan was invested in 2004, and there are now more than 26,000 campus networks.

Online recruitment: 48.2% of Internet users believe that they can find jobs online. In 2003, the online recruitment market reached 310 million yuan.

Enterprise informatization: There are 410,000 corporate websites, 92.5% of large enterprises have established intranets, and the CIO group is rising.

Online advertising: In 1997, online advertising achieved zero breakthrough, and in 2003 it reached 1******