What is nano?

Question 1: What does nanometer mean? Nanotechnology and nanotechnology are two different concepts and definitions.

Nanometer is just a unit of length. 1 micron is one thousandth of a millimeter, and 1 nanometer is one thousandth of a micron, which is equivalent to one hundred thousandth of a hair. It has no technical attributes. Therefore, pure nano-materials can't be called nanotechnology without special structure and performance. Such as soot powder or nano-powder in natural soil, although it can reach the scale below 100 nm, these materials cannot be called nanotechnology because of their special structure and technical performance. Nanotechnology refers to the arrangement and combination of atoms/molecules on the surface of nanoparticles through specific technical design, which makes them produce a special structure and show specific technical properties or functions. Such nanomaterials can be called nanotechnology.

Nano-materials can be divided into two levels: nano-ultrafine particles and nano-solid materials. Nanoparticles refer to ultrafine particles with a particle size of 1- 100nm, and nanosolids refer to solid materials made of nanoparticles. However, people are used to controlling the composition or grain structure below 100 nanometer, which is called nano-material.

Application of Nano-materials

Current research

With the continuous progress of science and technology, especially in the emerging industry of electronics, nanotechnology has made great progress, mainly focusing on electronic composite films, using ultrafine particles to improve the electrical, magnetic and magneto-optical properties of films, in addition to magnetic recording, nano-sensitive materials and so on. With the improvement of people's living standards and increasing attention to environmental protection. Air quality and industrial wastewater treatment have become symbols of urban life quality. Nano-materials have great development prospects in air purification and industrial wastewater treatment because of their unique surface adsorption characteristics.

Nano-materials are new materials developed in the mid-1980s, which are 50 years ahead of negative oxygen ions. Due to the unique structural state of nanoparticles (1- 100nm), small size effect, quantum size effect, surface effect, macroscopic quantum tunneling effect, etc. This makes nano-materials show special functions, such as light, electricity, heat, magnetism, absorption, reflection, adsorption, catalysis and biological activity. Nano-materials have many unique functions, but the dosage is very small, but they give materials unexpected high performance and high added value. Nano composite polymer materials, nano antibacterial, fresh-keeping and deodorizing materials, etc. Because of their small size, they are more than 1000 times smaller than red blood cells in blood and dozens of times smaller than bacteria, and the diffusion speed of gas through them is thousands of times faster than that of conventional materials. Nanoparticles have a strong interaction with biological cell membrane compounds and can easily enter cells.

Question 2: What is nanotechnology? For some time, nanotechnology has appeared frequently in the media, and the advantages of nanotechnology, nanomaterials and products manufactured by nanotechnology have also been widely publicized. So, what is nanotechnology? This paper introduces this knowledge for beginners' reference.

. Nanometer is the unit of length, and the symbol is nm. 1nm =1nm = 10 m (billionth of a meter), which is about the length of10 atoms. Suppose that a hair has a diameter of 0.05 mm and is divided into 50,000 hairs on average in the radial direction, and the thickness of each hair is about 1nm.

. 1, the meaning of nanotechnology

The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology.

The main differences between nanotechnology and microelectronics are: nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions of equipment by controlling single atoms and molecules, and it works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world.

Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. From 65438 to 0993, the International Steering Committee of Nanotechnology divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines: nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nano-physics and nano-chemistry are the theoretical basis of nano-technology, and nano-electronics is the most important content of nano-technology.

.2, the characteristics of nano-electronic devices

The performance of electronic devices manufactured by nanotechnology is much better than that of traditional electronic devices.

The working speed is fast, and the working speed of nano-electronic devices is 1000 times that of silicon devices, so the product performance can be greatly improved. Low power consumption, the power consumption of nano-electronic devices is only11000 of that of silicon devices. There is a lot of information storage. On a 5-inch CD less than the size of the palm of your hand, you can store all the books of at least 30 Beijing libraries. Small size and light weight can greatly reduce the size and weight of various electronic products.

Question 3: What is nanometer? What is the definition? nanometre

Nanometer is the unit of length, and the symbol is nm. 1nm =1nm = 10 angstrom (billionth of a meter), which is about the length of10 atoms. Suppose that a hair has a diameter of 0.05 mm and is divided into 50,000 hairs on average in the radial direction, and the thickness of each hair is about 1nm.

The significance of nanotechnology-1

The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology.

The main differences between nanotechnology and microelectronics are: nanotechnology studies the realization of specific functions of equipment by controlling single atoms and molecules, and it works by using the fluctuation of electrons; Microelectronics technology mainly realizes its function by controlling the population of electrons and works by using the particle nature of electrons. The purpose of people's research and development of nanotechnology is to achieve effective control of the entire micro-world.

Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology. From 65438 to 0993, the International Steering Committee of Nanotechnology divided nanotechnology into six sub-disciplines: nanoelectronics, nanophysics, nanochemistry, nanobiology, nanofabrication and nanometrology. Among them, nano-physics and nano-chemistry are the theoretical basis of nano-technology, and nano-electronics is the most important content of nano-technology.

The significance of nanotechnology -2

Nanotechnology (nanotechnology)

Nano-technology is actually a technology to make substances with a single atom and molecule.

Judging from the research so far, there are three concepts about nanotechnology. The first is 1986, the molecular nanotechnology put forward by American scientist Dr. drexler in his book The Machine of Creation. According to this concept, we can make the machine of combining molecules practical, so that we can combine various molecules at will and make any molecular structure. The nanotechnology of this concept has not made significant progress.

The second concept defines nanotechnology as the limit of micromachining technology. That is, the technology of artificially forming nano-scale structures through nano-precision "processing". This nano-scale processing technology also makes the miniaturization of semiconductors reach the limit. Even if the existing technology continues to develop, it will eventually reach the limit in theory. This is because if the line width of the circuit is reduced, the insulation film forming the circuit will be extremely thin, which will destroy the insulation effect. In addition, there are problems such as fever and trembling. In order to solve these problems, researchers are studying new nanotechnology.

The third concept is put forward from a biological point of view. It turns out that organisms have nano-scale structures in cells and biomembranes.

The so-called nanotechnology refers to a brand-new technology to study the motion laws and characteristics of electrons, atoms and molecules in the scale of 0. 1~ 100 nanometers. In the process of studying the composition of matter, scientists found that several or dozens of countable atoms or molecules isolated on the nanometer scale show many new characteristics, and the technology of manufacturing equipment with specific functions by using these characteristics is called nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is a comprehensive subject with strong cross-cutting, and its research content involves the vast field of modern science and technology.

Nanotechnology now includes nano-biology, nano-electronics, nano-materials, nano-mechanics, nano-chemistry and other disciplines. From micro-technology including microelectronics to nano-technology, people's understanding of the micro-world is getting deeper and deeper, and people's understanding and transformation level of the micro-world has reached an unprecedented height. Qian Xuesen, a famous scientist in China, also pointed out that the structure around nanometer and below nanometer is a key point in the next stage of scientific and technological development, which will be a technological revolution, thus causing another industrial revolution in 2 1 century.

Although there is still a long way to go before the application stage, developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Britain attach great importance to nanotechnology because of its extremely broad application prospects, and have made research plans and carried out related research.

Characteristics of nano-electronic devices

The performance of electronic devices manufactured by nanotechnology is much better than that of traditional electronic devices.

The working speed is fast, and the working speed of nano-electronic devices is 1000 times that of silicon devices, so the product performance can be greatly improved. Low power consumption, the power consumption of nano-electronic devices is only 1/ ... > silicon devices; & gt

Question 4: The so-called nanotechnology, what else is nanotechnology? In fact, the nanometer (nm) is actually just a scale, it is a unit of length measurement, just like the familiar meters (m), millimeters (mm) and microns (microns). 1 nanometer equals 10-9 meters. That is to say, l nanometer is only one millionth of a meter, one millionth of a millimeter and one thousandth of a micron. Just from the above figures, maybe we can't imagine the size of nanometer at once. Let's describe it further: 1 nanometer is about the length of 3-4 atoms arranged together; It is one tenth of the diameter of human hair. From this point of view, nanometer is a very small unit of length, and its significance is only to measure length. There is no "value" in itself. What is really "value" is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology, which was just born at the end of 1980s and rose rapidly, is a technology to create new substances with atoms and molecules. It studies the composition of substances with sizes ranging from 1 to 100nm. This tiny space is just the size range of atoms and molecules, and it is also the space where they interact. In this scale space, many properties of matter have undergone qualitative changes due to quantum effect, localization of matter and huge surface and interface effects. These changes will lead to a new industrial revolution when they penetrate into various industrial fields. The ultimate goal of nanotechnology, as Feynman predicted, is to enable human beings to manipulate individual atoms and molecules at will, and to design and manufacture brand-new substances at the atomic and molecular levels according to people's expectations on the basis of in-depth discussion and research on the nature of natural substances. Nanotechnology is a science and technology based on many modern advanced science and technology, and it is the product of the combination of modern science (quantum mechanics, molecular biology, etc.). ) and modern technology (microelectronics, computer technology, high-resolution microscope, nuclear analysis technology, etc. ) Nanotechnology has penetrated into all fields of modern science and technology, and at the same time, many new disciplines related to nanotechnology have been formed, such as nano-medicine, nano-mechanics, nano-chemistry, nano-electronics, nano-materials and nano-biology.

Satisfied, please adopt.

Question 5: What is nano-cloth? The so-called nano, in fact, is a very dense thing. . As for nano-cloth, it's just that the density of cloth is higher, so it may be warmer and healthier. Everything else is no different. After all, it is still cloth, which can be washed normally.

Question 6: What does nano-electroplating mean? Nano-electroplating process is a new generation of electroplating process developed by Yike Nano Company. It uses nano concentrated solution to inactivate nickel plating base solution and chromium plating base solution, so that the metal ions contained in the base solution are refined, and thus the metal deposits are granulated.

Nano-electroplating high-tech process, degree 18~25 nm.

Nano-electroplating production line is based on the traditional electroplating production line for nano-technology treatment, mainly aiming at the nano-technology treatment of nickel and chromium plating in the whole electroplating production process.

1. There are three traditional nickel plating processes: semi-gloss nickel, gloss nickel and nickel sealing. However, after nano-technology treatment, only one nano-nickel plating process can meet the performance requirements of customers, thus simplifying the nickel plating process of electroplating production line. The deposition rate of the coating has also been improved, from the traditional average of 0.5μm/min to the average of 0.57μm/min.

2. Nano-chromium plating is a mixed acid chromium plating solution, which is used for decorative bright chromium plating. It still has excellent coverage ability in a wide range of current density. Especially for the deep chromium plating of products, it has a strong positioning advantage.

Tsinghua University Research Institute has tested the products of Eco nano-electroplating, and the results show that 80% of the deposited metal particles are amorphous, and 20% are less than 25 nm.

basis

The products are suitable for electroplating steel parts, copper and copper alloys, electrical connectors, zinc alloys, aluminum alloys and plastic parts. The process has excellent positioning ability and deep plating ability, and the obtained bright nickel layer has small stress and strong ductility.

Strong wear resistance and high corrosion resistance.

Question: what does CPU nano mean? It means that the process (manufacturing process) of CPU is 22 nm, with more transistors per unit area, lower calorific value and better performance under the same power consumption.

Manufacturing process refers to the process of manufacturing CPU or GPU, or refers to the size of transistor gate circuit, in nanometer (nm). At present, the mainstream CPU technology has reached 14-32 nm (Intel's fifth-generation i7 processor and Samsung Exynos 7420 processor both adopt the latest manufacturing technology of 14nm), and the higher R&D technology has even reached more than 7nm.

More advanced manufacturing technology can integrate more transistors into CPU and GPU, making the processing instrument more functional and higher performance; More advanced manufacturing technology will reduce the thermal design power consumption (TDP) of the processor, thus solving the obstacle of processor frequency increase; More advanced manufacturing technology can further reduce the core area of the processor, that is to say, more CPU and GPU products can be manufactured on the wafer with the same area, which directly reduces the product cost of CPU and GPU, thus ultimately reducing the sales price of CPU and GPU and benefiting consumers ... The development history of the processor itself fully illustrates this point. Advanced manufacturing technology not only gradually improves the performance and function of CPU, but also effectively controls the cost.

Question 8: What's the use of nano? Application of one nanometer technology

Nanotechnology has been successfully applied in many fields, including medicine, pharmacy, chemical and biological detection, manufacturing, optics and national defense. This entry is a general overview of nanotechnology applications, including the following areas:

1, application of nanotechnology in new materials

2. The application of nanotechnology in microelectronics and electric power.

3. Application of nanotechnology in manufacturing industry

4. Application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine.

5. Application of nanotechnology in chemical and environmental monitoring.

6. Application of nanotechnology in energy, transportation and other fields.

7. Application of nanotechnology in agriculture

8. Application of nanotechnology in daily life

clothes

Adding nanoparticles to textile and chemical fiber products can deodorize and sterilize. Although chemical fiber cloth is strong, it has annoying static phenomenon, which can be eliminated by adding a small amount of metal nanoparticles.

eat

Using nano-materials, refrigerators can resist bacteria. Sterile tableware and aseptic food packaging products made of nano-materials have come out. By using nano-powder, wastewater can be completely turned into clean water, which fully meets the drinking standards. Nano food is delicious and healthy.

on one's pins

The application of nanotechnology can improve the washability of wall coatings by 10 times. Self-cleaning glass and self-cleaning tiles can be made by coating nano-thin layers on the surfaces of glass and tiles without scrubbing at all. Building materials containing nanoparticles can also absorb ultraviolet rays harmful to human body.

line

Nanomaterials can improve the performance of vehicles. Nano-ceramics are expected to become ideal materials for engine parts such as automobiles, ships and airplanes, which can greatly improve the efficiency, working life and reliability of engines. Nanosatellites can provide drivers with traffic information at any time to help them drive safely.

doctor

The micro drug delivery device made of nanotechnology can carry a certain dose of drugs and reach the focus accurately under the guidance of electromagnetic signals in vitro, which can effectively play a therapeutic role and reduce the adverse reactions of drugs. Micro robots made of nano-materials are smaller than red blood cells. By injecting them into patients' blood vessels, cerebral vascular thrombosis can be dredged. Remove fat and deposits from heart arteries, and also "chew" stones in the urinary system. Nanotechnology will be a good helper for a healthy life.

The application prospect of nanotechnology is very broad, and the economic benefit is very huge. American authorities predict that the nanotechnology market will reach144 billion dollars in 20 10, and the application of nanotechnology will far exceed the computer industry in the future. Nano-composite, modification of plastics, rubber and fiber, design and application of nano-functional coating materials will inject new high-tech content into traditional production and products. Experts pointed out that in the fields of textiles, building materials, chemicals, petroleum, automobiles, military equipment and communication equipment, a "material revolution" triggered by nanotechnology is bound to occur. At present, nearly 65,438+000 companies in China have registered nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and more than 65,438+00 production lines for nanomaterials and nanotechnology have been established. Nano-fabrics and clothing have been mass-produced, such as computer work clothes, anti-static clothes, anti-ultraviolet clothes and so on. The new coating with nanotechnology not only improves the washability by more than ten times, but also is nontoxic, harmless and odorless. Nanotechnology is improving and improving people's quality of life.

At present, many countries have made relevant plans and invested huge sums of money to seize the strategic highland of nanotechnology. The emergence of every new technology seems to contain infinite possibilities, especially nano-robots, which have great application prospects. It won't be long before the magical nano-robots with molecular size will continue to enter human daily life. Professor Zhou Haizhong, a famous scholar in China, predicted in the article on robots published in 1990 that by the middle of the 20th century, nano-robots would completely change human labor and lifestyle.

Question 9: What does laser nano mean? Nano-laser is a nano-scale semiconductor laser, which can be used in supercomputer chips, high-sensitivity biosensors, communication technology research and development and other fields. The nano-laser emitter is made of gallium nitride heterogeneous nanorods doped with indium gallium nitride. Inside the emitter, the nanorods are placed on a thin insulating silicon layer, and the other side of the silicon layer is a silver layer with smooth atoms. The silicon dioxide insulating layer sandwiched between nanorods and silver films can generate resonant electromagnetic fields.

Question 10: What does nano mean? Nano (English: and) is the unit of length, and the symbol of the international system of units is nm. The original name of Nano is 10-9 meters (65438+ one billionth of a meter), that is, 10-6 millimeters (65438+ one millionth of a millimeter).