What is the intervention mode of social work?

The first mode that social work can choose to participate in social assistance is integration mode.

The integrated model of social work participating in social assistance is a model that concentrates two functions of economic assistance and social service on one institution and one (or several) social workers. Specifically, in this model, street offices (social relief agencies or managers) are the focus and platform of integration.

In accordance with the requirements of the Interim Measures and Opinions, the following duties shall be performed:

(1) Accept and forward applications in a timely manner through a unified social assistance application acceptance window;

(two) to investigate and verify the applicant's family income and property status, put forward preliminary opinions, and report to the civil affairs department of the people's government at the county level for approval after publicity in the community where the applicant is located;

(three) regularly check the population status, income status and property status of families receiving the minimum living guarantee;

(4) In addition to these three traditional economic security responsibilities, we should also play social service functions such as social integration, ability improvement, psychological counseling, resource linking and publicity.

2. Separation mode

The second mode that social work can choose to participate in social assistance is the separation mode.

The separation mode of social workers' participation in social assistance, that is, the two functions of economic assistance and social service are placed in two (or more) institutions respectively, and the staff of these two (or more) institutions operate separately after necessary communication (referral). Specifically, in this mode, from above the county level.

The system composed of local people's governments, neighborhood offices (social assistance agencies or managers) and residents' committees belongs to the administrative pipeline of social assistance, and the system composed of social work service agencies (social workers) belongs to the social service pipeline of social assistance.

Among them, the separation focuses on the separation of street offices (social relief agencies or managers) and social work service agencies (social workers). Sub-district offices (social relief agencies or managers) mainly perform the following duties according to the requirements of the Interim Measures and Opinions:

(1) Accept and forward applications in a timely manner through a unified social assistance application acceptance window;

(two) to investigate and verify the applicant's family income and property status, put forward preliminary opinions, and report to the civil affairs department of the people's government at the county level for approval after publicity in the community where the applicant is located;

(3) regularly check the population status, income status and property status of families receiving the minimum living guarantee. According to the requirements of the Interim Measures and Opinions, social work service agencies (social workers) mainly play social service functions such as social integration, ability improvement, psychological counseling, resource linking and publicity and advocacy for social assistance objects.

3. Mixed mode

The third mode that social work can choose to participate in social assistance is the mixed mode. The so-called mixed mode, according to McEntire and haworth, refers to "an internal intermediate possibility" developed from the integrated mode and the separated mode. This inherent intermediate possibility extends from the integration mode and the separation mode, which is different from and has the characteristics of these two modes.

As far as dealing with economic assistance and social services in one institution is concerned, it is integrated; From the point of view that different staff in an institution deal with economic assistance and social services separately, it is separate.

A mixed model of social work participating in social assistance is constructed, that is, the two functions of economic assistance and social service are concentrated in a certain institution, but implemented by different staff. In this institution, there should be three groups or branches to perform different duties and functions respectively. These three groups or branches can be called "admission group", "economic security group" and "social service group" respectively.

Specifically, the acceptance group is responsible for: (1) accepting the applications of social assistance applicants in a timely manner through a unified social assistance application acceptance window;

(2) according to the situation of social assistance applicants, exercise certain discretion and refer them to the economic security group and the social service group respectively.

The Economic Security Group is specifically responsible for: (1) investigating and verifying the family income and property status of the applicant, putting forward preliminary opinions, and reporting them to the civil affairs department of the people's government at the county level for approval after publicity in the community where the applicant is located;

(2) regularly check the population status, income status and property status of families receiving the minimum living guarantee.

The social service section is specifically responsible for: (1) further evaluating the needs of social assistance applicants and confirming their social service needs together with social assistance recipients;

(two) according to the evaluation results and the requirements of the Interim Measures and Opinions, provide social services such as social integration, ability improvement, psychological counseling, resource linking and publicity for social assistance objects.

Extended data

1, integration mode

The key of this model is to completely transform the social assistance institutions or managers of street offices, so that social assistance institutions can become professional and technical institutions with social work as the main body, and managers can become qualified social workers. Only in this way can they undertake two functions at the same time, providing both economic assistance and social services.

In the process of transformation, the local people's governments at or above the county level should support the sub-district offices to set up social assistance institutions with social work as the main professional and technical posts, and complete the transformation and upgrading of social work posts in the following two ways: on the one hand, they can train the original "stock" (managers) to make them competent for social service work;

On the other hand, you can buy jobs from social service agencies, and social service agencies send social workers to social assistance agencies.

As an optional mode of social work participating in social assistance, this integration mode has its advantages: First, it is possible to make the social assistance object get rid of dependence and realize self-reliance. The initial basic principle of the amendment to the Social Security Law of the United States 1962 is that the services provided by trained social workers will enable the recipients of social assistance to recover and stand on their own feet, thus reducing the number of people living on welfare and the expenditure on social assistance.

Secondly, in the integrated model, social workers receive social assistance applicants or accept their applications, so that social workers can have an overall view of the environment of social assistance applicants and take the core case management activities as an integrated whole to meet the needs of social assistance objects.

Thirdly, under the integrated mode, because social workers are responsible for all aspects of social assistance objects, at least for social assistance objects, it will be easier to coordinate the extensive needs and services within the social assistance system. Fourthly, the integration model enables social workers to show their concern for social assistance objects and respond to problems in the process of discussing social assistance.

Fifth, under the integrated mode, there may be more social assistance recipients who request social services and are more satisfied with social services, which will help unblock the channels for social work service agencies (social workers) to participate in social assistance.

Of course, the integration model may also have some shortcomings: first, in the integration model, social workers who pursue fairness and justice may approve people who have no legal rights to enjoy social assistance treatment, resulting in the abuse of social assistance resources. Secondly, under the integration mode, social workers need to conduct home visits to understand the economic situation and social service needs of social assistance objects, which may lead to the invasion of the privacy of social assistance objects.

Third, under the integration model, social assistance recipients are often a condition for obtaining economic assistance. Because social workers have the discretion to financial assistance, they risk forcing social assistance recipients to accept social services, which will also undermine the professional help relationship of social work.

Fourthly, unless it is assumed that the decision to confirm the qualifications of social assistance applicants requires the same level of professional knowledge as engaging in therapeutic social services, it is a waste of valuable professional time to combine the two functions of economic assistance and social services in the same position.

Fifth, in the integration mode, if "social workers" are not qualified social workers, they don't know what to look for, and they don't know how to face the problems they observe in social assistance objects, so they can't achieve the goal of getting rid of dependence and achieving self-reliance.

2. Separation mode

Compared with the integrated model, this model does not need to completely transform the social assistance institutions or managers of street offices.

Logically speaking, the separation model is developed on the basis of reflection on the integration model. Therefore, the shortcomings of the integration model are exactly what the separation model should overcome and abandon. Specifically, the advantages of the separation model are as follows: first, the separation model may reduce the number of social assistance objects, thus reducing the number of public expenditures.

Second, the separation mode frees social workers from the "heavy burden" of providing both economic assistance and social services under the integrated mode, so that economic aid workers and social workers can specialize in one job respectively, and social workers can develop a clear (and usually more respected) professional identity.

Third, because the separation mode separates economic assistance from social services, social workers no longer exercise discretion on whether social assistance objects can enjoy economic assistance, thus avoiding the risk of social workers forcing social assistance objects to accept social services and destroying their professional relationship, and making social assistance objects accept social services as their own independent choices.

The shortcomings of the separation model are: first, it is difficult to achieve the goal of making social assistance objects get rid of social assistance and become self-reliant. Second, under the separation mode, social assistance recipients may not take the initiative to seek help from social work service agencies, so they will not enjoy the social services stipulated in the Interim Measures and Opinions, and at the same time block the channels for social work service agencies (social workers) to participate in social assistance.

Third, under the separation mode, social assistance objects may be passively referred to social work service institutions because they are not of their own free choice. Therefore, when social workers take the initiative to contact them and provide them with social services stipulated in the Interim Measures and Opinions, there is indeed a risk of forcing social assistance recipients to accept social services and undermining their professional relations.

Fourthly, under the separation mode, social assistance recipients may tend to reduce the demand for social services, thinking that social workers have less help, which is not conducive to social work service institutions (social workers) to participate in social assistance.

3. Mixed mode

Theoretically, this mixed mode should have the respective advantages of integrated mode and separated mode. First, the mixed model may make the social assistance object get rid of dependence and realize self-reliance. A considerable number of urban residents have the ability to work.

The mixed mode not only provides them with economic security, but also provides them with social services such as social integration, ability improvement, psychological consultation, resource linking and publicity. This has created favorable conditions for the urban subsistence allowances who have the ability to work to start their own businesses or find jobs.

Second, because the mixed model is a work team, it can collect information about the social assistance object from the staff of each group, form an overall view of the social assistance object, and provide it with the necessary economic security and social services, so as to avoid treating the social assistance object as a simple person who may or may not be eligible for assistance only from the perspective of social assistance institutions.

Thirdly, because the mixed mode is a work team, there is division of labor and cooperation among the three groups, which is not only conducive to the coordination within the street offices (social assistance institutions), but also convenient for social assistance objects to seek economic security and social services in time.

Fourthly, in the mixed mode, because different workers belong to different groups and specialize in one job, social workers in social service groups can be freed from the "heavy relief burden" of providing both economic assistance and social services, and provide better social services for social assistance objects.

Fifth, in the mixed mode, the staff of the receiving group is responsible for receiving social assistance objects, which may avoid the risk of social workers forcing social assistance objects to receive social services under the integrated mode and the risk of destroying the professional relationship between them.

Of course, the mixed model also has theoretical shortcomings. First, under the mixed mode, social workers in the social service group may be squeezed by the economic security group, especially the whole street office (social assistance agency), which leads to the phenomenon that social workers are busy with economic security affairs and even general administrative affairs and cannot engage in professional social services.

No matter whether the social workers in the social work service group come from buying jobs from social work service agencies or through open recruitment, they may be in a weak position in the mixed mode and may be overwhelmed by economic security affairs and general administrative affairs.

Second, the staff of the acceptance group are the first to contact the social assistance object, and they will exercise certain discretion on whether to refer the social assistance object to the economic security group and the social service group. If the staff of the receiving group lack professional social work training, it will be difficult for them to judge whether the social assistance object needs social services.

Thirdly, the key to the mixed mode is to establish an effective communication mechanism among the three groups, but this communication mechanism has no ready-made experience and urgently needs local creative practice.

People's Network —— Model Construction of Social Work Participating in Social Assistance