Besides Cao Chong's image and borrowing an arrow from a straw boat, are there any examples of innovative thinking?

In addition to Cao Chong's elephant boat borrowing arrows, there are examples of innovative thinking:

1. The weight of Cavendish and the earth.

The land under our feet is huge. It also has weight. But what is the measuring tool for measuring its weight? Who will lift it and who will weigh it? British scientist cavendish is going to solve this important scientific problem. He thought of a way, that is, Newton's law of universal gravitation, that is, the gravitation between two objects is directly proportional to the weight of two objects and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. He believes that if there is a shot with a known weight, the distance between it and the earth can be determined. If the gravitational constant is known, the weight of the earth can be calculated according to the formula of the law of universal gravitation, but no one can measure the gravitational constant at that time. 1750, 19-year-old cavendish began to March into the problem of the constant of gravity and the weight of the earth. He first made a gravity experiment with two shot putters. The weight and distance of the shot putter are known, and he must measure the gravity between them before he can find the gravity constant. But gravity is very small. Measuring gravity requires extremely accurate measuring equipment. Cavendish made a gravity measuring device based on the principle of filament rotation. If attracted, a force will be generated to make the filament rotate. The more it rotates, the greater the force it receives. Although cavendish's device is many times more accurate than ordinary spring scales, it is not sensitive enough to measure tiny gravity. One day, he saw several children playing with small mirrors and was deeply inspired. The mirror in the children's hands reflects a small light spot on the wall facing the sun. When the small mirror rotates slightly by a small angle, the light spot will move a long distance on the wall. Cavendish ran home and installed a small mirror on his measuring device. When the filament power meter is subjected to a small force, the small mirror on it will rotate by a small angle. The reflected light of the small mirror will have obvious angular rotation. He used this amplification method to greatly improve the sensitivity of the filament gravity measuring device. Finally, cavendish calculated the gravity constant, measured the gravity between the earth and the shot put, and then deduced the weight of the earth. He became the first person in the world to measure the weight of the earth. Cavendish conceived the experiment of measuring the earth by using the innovative thinking of deductive reasoning and logical thinking. Through experiments, he realized the measurement of the earth and became the first person to measure the weight of the earth.

2. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty beheaded princes

In the era of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, in order to consolidate the central government and eliminate the separatist situation of the captaincy, Chao Cuo put forward the policy of "emphasizing the capital and restraining the end", which was adopted by Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty and began to cut off the fiefs of the captaincy. This greatly violated the interests of Liu Fan-wang, and the seven countries launched an armed rebellion in the name of "please punish Chao Cuo, in the name of Qing Jun". Chao Cuo was attacked and slandered by his political opponents, and was captured by Jingdi. Chao Cuo's statement is absolutely correct. Even if we don't reduce the number of vassals, the seven countries of Wu Chu will wait for an opportunity to rebel. But the warlord did stimulate them. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, cutting vassals was put on the agenda again, but Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was afraid of repeating the mistakes of the "Seven Kingdoms Rebellion". At this time, a minister made a suggestion. This time, the warlord was not a measure taken by the central government, but was handled as an internal affair of the warlord and was promoted. That is to abolish the previous rule that only the eldest son of a vassal state can inherit the fief, and each vassal state can enfeoffment its children according to its own preferences. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted this proposal, and all the princes were happy. The wider the award, the more and more fiefs were enfeoffed, and the fiefs of vassal States became smaller and smaller, more and more dispersed, and they existed in name only, unable to compete with the central government. "Cut the vassal states." Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty used dialectical thinking to lift weights lightly, that is, from the perspective of change and development, he cut princes and adopted the policy of "pushing pets". Although all the kings were happy, many children of the vassal were waiting for him, and the fiefs of the vassal States were shrinking day by day, finally achieving the goal of separatist vassals.

3. Reynolds and his ballpoint pen

Milton Reynolds was born in Minnesota, USA. He worked as a car mechanic, a building materials business and a stock market board, but all ended in failure. Later, Reynolds produced a "poster printing machine" and accumulated some money. During 1945' s trip to Argentina, Reynolds came across a novel product, that is, "ballpoint pen". This pen was written as early as 65438. Later, many people continued to improve and obtained different special design patents, but the sales volume was not good. After seeing this ballpoint pen, Reynolds made up his mind to improve, manufacture and promote it vigorously. He intuitively decided that this was something that could sweep the United States. It is the best holiday gift with low cost and high profit. Everyone can buy it once and it is easy to popularize. Reynolds returned to America. Find an engineer who knows the technology at once and work with him to improve this new thing. One rainy night, Reynolds sat in a bar and scribbled on a wet newspaper with his new product alphabet pen. Suddenly, he found that a ballpoint pen could write on wet paper, which no pen could do. Renault is very excited. He just put a piece of paper in the basin and drew it with a ballpoint pen in the water. I conceived a loud advertising slogan: "It can write in water". According to later experts' estimation, the benefits of this novel advertising slogan alone amounted to millions of dollars. Then Reynolds started an almost crazy sales campaign. He only took a sample pen to the "Jin Beier" department store in new york for sale, and performed it on the spot, which aroused their great interest and immediately ordered 2,500 pens. The manufacturing cost is only 0. The retail price is set at $65,438 +02.5. Reynolds' theory is that "as far as novel products are concerned, the higher the price, the better the sales volume". /kloc-in October, Jin Beier began to sell this "wonderful pen of the atomic age". Due to the effective publicity beforehand, the customer's response was surprising and shocked the whole retail industry. The department store had to call in 50 policemen to keep order. According to news reports, the scene at that time was "almost like a riot". Reynolds always organizes production after receiving orders. Although he immediately expanded the scale of production, purchased a large number of raw materials and recruited hundreds of employees (even including special money counters), he still could not meet the needs of all parts of the country, and orders kept coming. Almost every store wants to sell this new product. In order to further expand the influence of his products, Reynolds filed a complaint with the federal court, accusing the two largest pen-making companies of violating the Anti-Monopoly Law and demanding them to pay $6,543,800+0,000. However, this accusation of insufficient evidence was quickly countered by the two companies, and as a result, these accusations went away. In fact, this "lawsuit" is just a propaganda idea carefully planned by Reynolds. Through the debate in court and the hype in the newspaper, Reynolds' ballpoint pen finally became a household name. As you can imagine, in this kind of rush to get on the horse and mass manufacture, there will of course be product quality problems. Thousands of inferior Reynolds ballpoint pens have been returned to the factory, some of which are leaking and some are beating. Some people can't write at all. Faced with this situation, Renault publicly announced that any quality problem can be returned. The sales whirlwind that lasted for several months brought extremely rich profits. In just half a year, Reynolds' initial investment of $26,000 has generated after-tax profits of more than $654.38 +0.55 million. Under the temptation of such high profits, less than a year. There are more than 100 manufacturers of ballpoint pens, and the price of ballpoint pens is falling day by day. In this case, Reynolds planned a new idea. He bought a retired Douglas bomber and hired two pilots and engineers with rich flying experience. He is a "navigator" himself. They will break the world record of flying around the world. Reynolds named the bomber "Reynolds Shell". This name is of great significance, because a new ballpoint pen he is going to market has the same name. The three of them took off from an airport in new york and flew eastward, constantly crossing Europe, Asia and the Pacific. Finally broke the world record. The flight cost $65,438+$700,000, but Reynolds earned more. When he accepted people's cheers, all the newspapers in new york published a big advertisement "Reynolds ink cartridge pen just arrived". With the help of the east wind flying around the world, this new ballpoint pen is on fire again, and its sales volume has soared like a rocket. Three years later, Reynolds stopped as soon as possible and made a decisive move. He left the ballpoint pen manufacturing industry with a small profit. Nowadays, the "Renault ballpoint pen" can no longer be seen in the market. However, when it comes to the development and popularization of ballpoint pens, people always think of Reynolds' name. As can be seen from the above, Reynolds' dialectical thinking innovation is very distinctive. With a developmental eye, he saw a ballpoint pen invented more than 40 years ago, which is not selling well in Argentina at present, which inspired him. Seeing the huge business opportunities and huge profits brought by this pen, he stirred up the public's emotions, constantly innovated and made himself the focus of public attention. Just before he quit the pen-making industry, he flew along the Himalayas to find the highest mountain on earth, because he thought Mount Everest was not the highest mountain. This incident once again aroused public interest.

4. Zhao played it by ear and defeated the Liao army.

In order to prevent the generals from fighting for self-esteem, Zhao Guangyi and Song Taizong temporarily appointed officials as commanders and ambassadors. And led the troops to war. In addition, before the general went to war, the emperor personally issued a battle plan and asked the commander to fight according to the prescribed battle plan. Whatever the war is, they are not allowed to change it. Even if they are defeated, there is no big crime, otherwise, go to hell. In this way, although the Song Dynasty had a large number of soldiers and excellent weapons, it was defeated again and again in the battle with Liao. Therefore, every time I go out, I am suspicious and trembling, and my morale is very low. In September, 979, Han Kuangsi, king of Liao, led troops to invade the Song border. Taizong ordered Liu Lingbing to defend Yunzhou against the enemy, and ordered Cui Han, Zhao and his troops to take part in the war. When he left, Taizong handed the array to the people and ordered them to press it. Liao soldiers are everywhere. Looking up from east to west, you can only see thick smoke, but you can't see the edge. Seeing that Liao soldiers were about to rush up, people quickly arranged according to the plan. The plan that Emperor Taizong gave them this time was to divide the army into eight arrays, with each array separated by a hundred paces, and disperse the troops. With such scattered forces, how can they stop the impact of Liao fighters? Everyone can't help but panic. "The emperor sent us, not just to drive the enemy back? If you play cards according to the picture, you will lose. The situation is urgent. Only by concentrating our forces can we win. Although you are accused of not fighting according to the plan, it is much better than humiliating your teacher and your country! " Zhao Yanjin said loudly. He is determined to arrange his troops according to the actual situation. "What if I lose?" Cui Han said worriedly. "If you lose the battle, I will bear the cost." Zhao said firmly, because he could not hesitate any longer when he saw the Liao army approaching. Cui Han is still hesitating, and the charge of tampering with the imperial edict really startled him. "How can you book it? I will bear the crime of violating the imperial edict alone. If I hesitate repeatedly, it will be too late! " Li Jilong also urged. Cui Han finally made up his mind to change the eight arrays into two arrays, echoing each other. He also sent people to cheat. Han Kuang-si, the king of Liao, believed it and was unprepared. Soon, drums were beating loudly, and Song Jun suddenly came out. The Liao army was caught off guard and soon retreated. Song Jun struggled to catch up, and many Liao soldiers fell into the valley. In this battle, Song Bing killed 10,000 Liao soldiers, captured 3,000 alive, captured 1,000 horses and numerous weapons. Zhao did not stick to the rules, but used dialectical thinking and adopted tactics adapted to specific situations according to changes in the situation, and won the war. When the good news reached the capital, Zhao was raised instead of being held accountable for not fighting as planned.

5. Liu Bang won Ying Bu before the war.

Shortly after Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang put down the Pengyue Rebellion in Liang Wang and killed Han Xin, Ying Bu, the king of Huainan who made great contributions to the establishment of the world in the Han Dynasty, rose up against the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang consulted the minister of civil and military affairs, and Hou Ying of Ruyang Xia Hou recommended his favorite pupil Gong Xue to Liu Bang. Emperor Gaozu asked Gong Xue, "Ying Bu is a general under Xiang Yu. He is used to fighting. I want to lead an army to suppress the rebellion. How can you win and lose? " Gong Xue replied, "Your Majesty will definitely win." Emperor Gaozu asked, "What do I think?" Xue Zhengyi: "After Ying Bu rebelled, he expected that your majesty would definitely pacify him. Of course, he will not do nothing, so there are three situations for him to choose from. " Emperor Gaozu said, "Go ahead, sir." Xue Zhengyi: "In the first case, Ying Bu took Dongwu, Xichu and Beiqilu. Zhao Yan accepted his sphere of influence, and then stuck to his fief for your majesty. In this way, "take Wu in the east, Chu in the west, Korea and Wei, keep the grain of Aocang, guard heavily, and break the road to entry." If so, only God knows who wins and who loses. "Gong Xue Kan Kan talked about this." This is the second case, which is the middle policy. "Emperor Gaozu said," Since Teacher Wang thinks I can win, Ying Bu naturally won't use these two strategies, so. Gong Xue said unhurriedly, "Wu was led to the east, Chu to the west, and Huainan was heavily occupied. I expected Ying Bu to use this strategy, and your majesty drove straight in and won a great victory. " Emperor gaozu's face lit up. "How do you know that Ying Bu will use this strategy?" Xue Gongdao: "Ying Bu was a criminal in Lishan. Although he has improper courage, he is short-sighted and only knows to plan for temporary interests, so I expect that he will make this plan! " Emperor Gaozu repeatedly praised: "Good! All right! I don't know Ying Bu's character, but what Mr. Wang said is right. I'll make you a thousand families. " "Thank you, Your Majesty." Gong Xue hurriedly knelt down and thanked him. Emperor Gaozu named Gong Xue a thousand families and many of his possessions. Then in this year, (BC 196) 10 months, the head-to-head ratio was 65438+. Liu Jiao, the king of Chu, was defeated and the army was deployed in Huainan. Emperor gaozu was a soldier all his life, and he fought in the south and the north, and he also knew how to use troops. After the armies of the two sides joined forces in Qixian (now Suxian, Anhui), Emperor Gaozu saw that Ying Bu's army was full of momentum, so he adopted the strategy of sticking to it and not fighting. After Ying Bu's army was exhausted, when the drums rang, he rushed to kill Ying Bu. The rebellion in Ying Bu ended in failure. Gong Xue knew that Ying Bu was foolhardy, careless and short-sighted. Through deductive reasoning, he correctly analyzed his strategy of taking Wu in the east, Chu in the west and attaching importance to Huainan for immediate interests.

5. How much money does Zhou Enlai China Bank have?

1950, a foreign reporter asked Premier Zhou Enlai, "How much money does China Bank have?" In the face of this unfriendly inquiry, no matter how you answer directly, there will be no good result. Premier Zhou smiled calmly and said, "China Bank, * * * 188 yuan 88 points. The renminbi is the currency issued by the Central People's Government and has a high reputation. " After a short period of surprise and reaction, the Chinese and foreign people present immediately praised them. Pentagonal, Joule, dime; Five points, two points and one point add up to exactly "188 yuan 88 points".