How the interviewer observes words and expressions —— Observation and judgment of nonverbal information in the interview process

Then, why do we have to interview when recruiting and selecting talents? Can I hire directly without an interview? The answer is no, because in all kinds of evaluation methods, the interview has the most communication channels, the largest amount of information and the highest utilization rate. In the interview, besides the verbal behavior of the candidate, it is more important to examine the nonverbal behavior (also called subconscious behavior). Anthropologist ray? Bowest pointed out: in a face-to-face communication, the information conveyed by language only accounts for less than 35% of the total information, and more than 65% of the remaining information is completed through non-verbal communication. Moreover, this kind of communication in the interview process is two-way and dynamic. In the interview, in order to increase the probability of success, candidates often carefully prepare how to answer the interviewer's questions, which may lead to the distortion of language information. Compared with verbal information, nonverbal information, especially body language, is not only innate or habitual, but also manifested in people's unconscious or semi-conscious state, which is a true reflection of people's inner state and more authentic and reliable than verbal information. Language information may be "insincere", but non-language information is often "true feelings", which can verify the authenticity of language information. Therefore, in order to distinguish the level of candidates, interviewers should pay attention to the observation, analysis and judgment of nonverbal behavior. During the interview, the interviewer should pay attention to all directions, pay attention to words and feelings, and pay attention to the recognition, acceptance and explanation of nonverbal behavior. Nonverbal behavior can be divided into three categories. The first category is spoken and unprocessed language, such as blurted words, idioms and habitual endings. The second category is silent body language, that is, unconscious movements of various parts of the body, such as blinking and touching the nose; The third category is silent habits, such as appearance and dress, which can reveal a person's inner activities. Therefore, we can observe and judge the applicant's behavior from three aspects: First, listen to his words, that is, observe the applicant's classroom language. Quasi-language refers to the nonverbal symbols similar to language emitted by human body, such as laughter, crying, sigh, hum, hum and various calls, and also includes the way of speaking, pronunciation, intonation, tone, speed of sound, sound and so on. 1, the way you speak. Speech itself is hypocritical, and a person's way of speaking reflects his thinking and personality. In this case, we can help to judge by observing each other's way of speaking. Generally speaking, the number of words represents the awareness of communication and listening; The ingenious content of the speech represents the agility of thinking and the way of dealing with people; The way you face other people's opinions can tell whether a person is confident, friendly and responsible. The way of speaking expresses the meaning. People who have a glib tongue are quick-thinking, sleek and sophisticated. People who have a glib tongue are narrow-minded and have a poor sense of responsibility. People who speak are introverted and lack self-confidence. People who speak simply are generous and decisive, people who listen more and talk less are gentle and sophisticated, respectful people are sleek and sophisticated, adaptable, witty, intelligent and vague, rigorous in thinking, and sleek and sophisticated people avoid reality. People who are perfunctory and like to laugh at themselves, are optimistic, tolerant, generous, mean and critical, and have poor popularity are full of complaints. People who are selfish in have it both ways are sophisticated, have poor sense of responsibility, like to argue, have strong self-esteem, shirk their responsibilities, like to correct other people's views, are confident, straightforward and simple, like to interrupt others, impatient and impulsive, like to beat about the bush arbitrarily, sophisticated and insightful, like to convince each other with evidence, and are rigorous and insightful, and like to tell jokes. In the interview, the interviewer can understand the emphasis and attitude tendency of the candidate through the intonation and stress he uses when expressing sentences, so as to judge his character and ability. Generally speaking, the speed of speaking represents the agility and stability of personality; The volume of speech represents the degree of confidence and caution; The richness of expressions and actions when speaking represents the degree of introversion and extroversion. Speak with speed and intonation to express your meaning. Like a machine gun shooter, he is outgoing and lively, quick-thinking, and impatient compared with himself. People who speak slowly are thoughtful, mature and steady, heavy-minded, indifferent and calm, thoughtful, calm, slow to respond and have poor self-confidence. People who speak loudly are straightforward, grumpy and lively and cheerful. I am the only one who speaks in a low voice. I am considerate, cautious and strictly confidential. I am prudent, prudent and far-sighted. I am very adaptable. I am introverted, honest and open-minded, and lack self-confidence. I have a strong desire to express my feelings. I am not good at expressing myself. I am warm, cautious, cheerful and enthusiastic. Distinguish right from wrong. People with rich body language are cheerful and lively, competitive and have a more artificial tone of voice. Impulsive person, simple personality, narrow-minded and irritable. A sarcastic person is charming, has a dual personality, and is good at making up lies and pouting. The speaker is cynical, persistent and firm, and doesn't know how to change. 3. Idioms are not innate, but gradually formed by individuals in their long-term lives, which are closely related to the user's personality, life experience or mental state. In this sense, the mantra is actually a mantra, which indicates people's psychological state and personality characteristics. From different phrases, we can roughly read a person's heart. The mantra often expresses the meaning of "be honest, be honest, be sure and not lie to you". I'm worried that the other party will misunderstand me, and I'm impatient. I often say "almost" and "whatever" in my heart. Be content with the status quo, lack of definite opinions, unclear goals, and imprecise work. I often say "I should, I must, I will, I must" confidently, rationally, calmly and authoritatively. When leaders are eager to speak, they use the word "should" too much because they are not sure about things, not confident enough, or have no in-depth understanding. Liars may often say "I heard, said, and heard", lack self-confidence and determination, and handle things tactfully. They often say "maybe, maybe, maybe" and often say "but" euphemistically. Gentle people often say "ah, ah, this, that, um", with a small vocabulary, slow thinking and slow response, or some smart and self-righteous people often say "actually", which is expressive, headstrong and a little conceited, and often says "true", while ignorant and self-righteous people often say "true" and often say "myself". Respect others and often say "I want", "I want" and "I don't know" with simple thoughts; Emotional often confidently say "look at me" and "no problem"; Willing to take responsibility often says "absolute" and arbitrary; Lack of self-knowledge, often say "I knew it" to express desire; Lack of patience, often say "in my dictionary", self-centered, used to learning with popular words. Like to stand out, used to using foreign languages, vanity. I like to boast that I am used to using local dialects. I have strong self-confidence and full personality. Second, observing what I do is to pay attention to the body language of candidates. Body language often expresses the true meaning in a person's heart. It is subconscious, which has the closest relationship with psychological words and the least false elements. For example, nodding your head indicates agreement, affirmation or approval; Objection, denial or criticism will shake your head; Laughing at others will "scoff"; Getting carried away will be "cocky"; Self-reflection will "ask yourself" and "ask yourself"; If you are angry and impatient, you will be "angry"; If you keep your anger in your heart, you will "frown" and "grit your teeth"; Both "laughing" and "dancing" are very happy. These phenomena show that the inner feelings and qualities have the inevitability of body language expression. Human body language is gradually formed in the process of long-term life. People with different psychological qualities have different forms of body movements, which provides us with a very important basis for evaluation and judgment. The body language you should pay attention to in the interview is as follows: 1, gesture. Because people's hands are exposed, we can easily see them, so we can roughly guess each other's thoughts and emotions through the changes of people's hands. Behavior expresses meaning. Open your arms naturally, be cheerful, confident and relaxed. His arms crossed his chest, but he was nervous, but he tried to hide his typical defensive posture. Cross one arm on your chest, hold the other arm that naturally droops, and touch the bag, watch, cufflinks and other items on the other hand with one hand. Confident with hands akimbo, willing to accept challenges, confident with arms on the back, relaxed and waving arms to express victory mentality, and waving arms affectedly. It is possible to lie. Your fingers keep turning what you are holding. You are nervous, irritable and absent-minded. You often hold your glasses, or feel uneasy about fiddling with your tie and necklace. Your fingers rub against your palms. You are anxious. You hold down your eyebrows. Typical shame. Touch the back of your neck with your hand. You regret and resent. You scratch your head in a defensive position. 2. shake hands. By shaking hands, you can feel the candidate's personality, quality cultivation and psychological state. The time to shake hands represents respect and enthusiasm for each other; The strength of shaking hands represents confidence and tenacity; When shaking hands, the direction of the palm reflects whether there is a desire to dominate others. Behavior expression means that men have psychological advantages while shaking hands and staring at each other, and it is not easy to compromise. Women shake hands and watch each other deliberately attract each other's attention in order to win each other's favor. When shaking hands, they are weak, lack of strong personality, indecisive and difficult to shake hands. They are active, extroverted and efficient, but they are also prone to impatience. When a man shakes hands, his palms are sweaty and his mood is high. When a woman shakes hands, her palms are sweaty, and the man who shakes hands with him makes her a little excited. When shaking hands, she is too energetic, too confident and too arbitrary. Only when shaking hands, the leader can highlight her proper strength, steady movements, firm and frank eyes, responsible personality and meticulous thinking, and can trust her to only shake hands gently. When she shakes hands with others, she is warm and kind. People who can talk to each other like to be angry but obviously love and hate, hold each other for a long time when shaking hands, and like to make friends. Once friendship is established, those who hold their right hands with their fingers but don't touch each other's palms are calm and sensitive, emotional and excitable, embrace each other tightly when shaking hands, be compassionate, optimistic, enthusiastic and unwilling to shake hands, be introverted and shy, be conservative but sincere, honest, humble and obedient when shaking hands, and be dominated by the palms. Standing posture can reflect a person's personality and views on others. It should be noted that with the psychological changes of the other party, various standing postures may appear alternately, and the interviewer needs to make a comprehensive analysis and judgment according to the on-site situation. Behavior expression meaning: Hold your head high, look straight at your eyes, be confident, optimistic, open-minded, stand with your feet naturally, your left foot is not in a friendly and easy-going position in front, your hunchback spirit is weak, you are not confident enough to stand parallel to your feet, your hands are crossed on your chest, you are angry and aggressive, your feet stand naturally, and your hands are in your pockets, so you are cautious, inflexible and have poor anti-frustration ability. Some people say that the foot is the second heart of people, and people's thinking activities can be expressed by their steps. Everyone's walking posture is gradually formed in the process of adapting to social life, and people's personality characteristics are gradually solidified in the walking posture. The pace reflects the ability of style; The size of the footsteps reflects whether the character is decisive or cautious. Behavior expresses meaning when walking, with brisk and cheerful steps, small and cautious steps when walking, hasty and heavy and messy steps, cheerful and impatient when obeying, big and fast and agile when walking, with head held high, arrogant and confident, and quick thinking. Strong organizational ability, steady and steady steps when walking, leaning forward, gentle and restrained, modest, strong and unyielding when walking, strong sense of rhythm, firm belief, strong willpower, swaying when walking, not even jumping, quiet and not seeking fame and fortune 5. Sitting posture. Through a person's sitting posture, you can also understand the personality and psychology of the applicant. Whether the sitting posture is stable reflects whether the character is calm; Whether you lean forward or backward reflects whether you respect or despise each other; Whether the legs cross, come together or let go, we can see whether the mood at that time is calm, nervous or relaxed. The behavior shows that women have a strong desire to show their legs when they sit down. Men have a strong sense of confrontation and self-confidence. When they sit casually, their legs are together, shy, nervous and anxious. Their legs keep bumping or shaking. As if nothing had happened, their legs kept bumping or shaking, showing irritability, impatience and impatience. Strong self-awareness, sitting cross-legged, arms open, calm and resourceful, broad-minded, sitting cross-legged, arms crossed, lacking adventure spirit and sense of responsibility, hoping to find a very safe refuge, sitting with your feet on the ground, doing things a little separately, being practical and serious, being competitive, demanding yourself to sit on the ground with your feet on the ground, being very open, enthusiastic, relaxed and tolerant. It is a good listener who likes to put his hands on his legs when sitting. He is cautious and often appears stiff and unnatural. When he sat, his mind was heavy and he tried to control his emotions. When sitting, he put his hand between his legs. He had many expectations, but he didn't put them into action. He just passively waited to lean forward and sit down, looked directly at each other's interest in each other's topic and sat back, ignoring each other's existence and sitting arrogantly. I am rigorous, careful, calm and not innovative enough. I sit in a chair, relaxed, informal, frank and kind, curled up with my legs between my hands, feeling inferior, humble, lacking in self-confidence, and my body is unstable, as if my seat made me feel uncomfortable, nervous and uncomfortable. Third, I should pay attention to the image language of candidates. Image language refers to nonverbal symbols that convey information and express emotions through appearance, clothes, costumes and facial expressions. Image language can show the identity, status and occupation of the subject, and can also express feelings and values. 1, appearance. Psychologically speaking, everyone's appearance reflects their corresponding physiological and psychological state. For example, a healthy and happy person is usually full of spring breeze, red light and radiant. On the contrary, a sick or distressed person is usually sad, which is mostly difficult to have a satisfactory thing. Vision is the heart, face is the heart, this is the truth. The "phase" here refers not to appearance, but to temperament. If a person shows a mature temperament that does not match his actual age, it shows that he has rich social experience, is more stable and practical, and has leadership ability through many things; If a person's temperament is much younger than his actual age, it shows that his mentality is sunny, open and energetic. 2, hairstyle. Hair is a very important part of the human body, which is related to the overall image of people. Hairstyle is an expressive face, and different hairstyles show people's different personalities and psychology. For women, the length of hair reflects their patience and meticulous degree, because it takes more time and energy to take care of a long hair. Whether male or female, the more common the hairstyle, the more popular the personality; The more special the hairstyle, the more maverick the personality. Women's hair styles have the tradition of long straight hair, simple in heart, gentle and kind, popular for a long time, steady and meticulous curly hair, pursuing individuality, enterprising, tenacious and patient, meticulous and paranoid, and may bring medium and long hair to the extreme, neither conservative nor active, prone to short straight hair, capable and open-minded, full of energy, quick in doing things, organized and short curly hair, youthful and lively. The wild ponytail in my heart is lively and cheerful, full of energy, dignified and self-disciplined, traditional and conservative, and I don't like to change the step-by-step and rigorous and stubborn male hairstyle to express my meaning. Hairstyles like to make excuses at will and don't want to change themselves, but they often compromise with long hair, which is sophisticated, avant-garde, bold, confident and enterprising, concise, ambitious, but lacking in sense of responsibility. When encountering setbacks, people often choose to avoid perming. They are very sensitive to fashion, very concerned about their appearance, positive and optimistic, conservative and stubborn in doing things, and have loose hair styles. Right or wrong, as long as they form an opinion, it is difficult to change their funny hairstyles. They have a strong desire to express themselves, stand firm, have courage and courage, and like to challenge powerful flat heads. They are full of masculinity, conservative and meticulous. Caring about the performance in front of others, baldness has a ruffian spirit and gives people a sense of mystery. Many people can't guess what they think. They are reckless and irritable, but they are generous and like to make friends. Everyone loves beauty, and dressing can reflect a person's taste, hobbies, aesthetics, living conditions and fashion sense. So when you see the clothes clearly, you can see the characters clearly. From the clothing style of the candidate, we can see what kind of person he is, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of his personality. Here refers to clothes, including glasses, bags, watches and other human accessories. Behavior shows gorgeous clothes, strong vanity, and will not deliberately hide their simplicity, low-key and pragmatic. They can bear hardships and stand hard work, wear fashionable clothes and accept new things quickly, but they are also easy to like the new and hate the old. They are relatively simple and backward, rebellious, difficult to integrate into the team, messy and introverted, not good at communication, simple in heart, and like to study professional issues. 4. Expression refers to the use of facial organs, such as eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth to communicate information and express emotions. Bode Huistel, the founder of body linguistics, pointed out that a person's face can make about 25,000 expressions, which is the place with the richest and most concentrated nonverbal information. According to the research of relevant experts, in job interview, the information obtained from the facial expressions of candidates can reach more than 50%, which can be said that expressions are the drawing board of thinking. In the interview process, the interviewer can judge the candidate's mood, attitude, self-confidence, reaction ability, quick thinking, personality characteristics, interpersonal skills, honesty and other quality characteristics by observing and analyzing the candidate's facial expressions. Expression is characterized by "micro-expression" and "rapid disappearance", which is difficult to observe, so it is also called "micro-expression". The basic micro-expressions are as follows: the expressive meaning of behavioral expressions is always expressionless, impersonal, enthusiastic, lively, confident, slightly inclined, smiling freely, friendly, cheerful, smiling with your mouth open, smiling with your mouth closed, laughing strangely, laughing bursts, laughing cautiously and conservatively, smiling submissively, blushing and easily shaking your mind. Leonardo da vinci, an Italian artist, once said that "the eyes are the windows to the soul" and a lyric called "Your eyes betray your heart" broke the language function that the microscopic movement of the eyes can express inner feelings. For example, pupil dilation and contraction transmit positive and negative information respectively; The direction of sight represents respect and arrogance; The length of gaze reflects the degree of interest in the conversation. Behavior performance means clear, bright and innocent eyes, cloudy, dull and weather-beaten, big and dull eyes, simple mind, dilated pupils, like, excited, concerned or afraid, constricted pupils, disgust, vigilance, anger, frequent blinking, nervousness, anxiety or fear, looking around or looking far away when talking, and erratic eyes when not interested in the topic. Maybe when you lie and squint at each other, you are interested in each other, but you don't want them to know that you are being watched by each other, so you immediately look away. You feel inferior and don't focus on each other. Those who look away quickly are almost as introverted as the other person. Looking up at each other's respect and awe is almost as high as each other. Look at each other's arrogance, look at each other's rationality and calmness, and you don't look at each other. Or avoid each other's sight, such as dishonesty, concealment, self-confidence, disinterest or disgust. Looking at each other for a long time is more interested in each other than talking, or provoking or putting some pressure on each other for a short time. Suspects who are not interested in or disgusted with each other and the dialogue look at each other for a long time with friendly and frank eyes, blinking occasionally, and have a good impression on each other. I like each other to look at each other with sharp eyes or cold expressions. There is a feeling of warning. I looked up and down at each other's contempt for each other with my eyes. I am noble and proud. I like to turn my eyes to the upper right when I am leading others' thinking. I like to turn my eyes to the lower right when I am imagining things. I am thoughtful and suspicious. I like to recall the past. I have a strong imagination and thinking ability. I like to live freely, with eyes looking around and fear. In addition, the eyebrows above the eyes occupy an important position in my face, which can enrich my facial expressions. The stretching, folding, rising and drooping of eyebrows can reflect my complicated inner activities, such as emotions, so some people regard my eyebrows as curtains for my soul. If you look closely, you will find that eyebrows are actually a barometer of emotions. Whenever the mood changes, the shape of the eyebrows will also change. Eyebrows express meaning. The eyebrows are very happy or extremely surprised. Raise one eyebrow. I don't understand or have questions. I frown and get into trouble, or I refuse or disapprove of moving my eyebrows up and down quickly. I am in a good mood. I agree with you or show my kindness. My eyebrows stand upright, but they don't pull. I was very angry. I was very angry. My eyebrows are completely on end. I can't believe my eyebrows are half cocked. I'm surprised. My eyebrows are drooping. I frown. I'm worried. In short, the aspects of behavior observation summarized above are not isolated. It is necessary to contact the performance and situation of candidates in all aspects and make a comprehensive analysis and judgment as a whole. We can't grasp one point and ignore the rest, so we can't see Mount Tai. For example, many candidates will try to conform to the interviewer's hobbies and hide their true situation during the interview. Therefore, the interviewer should observe and analyze the candidate's speech content, logical thinking, line of sight, tone, smile and arm posture to judge whether he is lying. Lying has the following manifestations: 1. Don't talk about yourself, use "we" instead. People will naturally feel uncomfortable when they lie, and they will instinctively exclude themselves from the lies they tell. 2. It is a sign of guilty conscience to say one thing repeatedly. 3. The logic is chaotic, and the answer to the same question is inconsistent. You can answer such trivial things as water. Because in the process of describing the details, it is inevitable to make some small mistakes, because it is difficult to remember all the details of a time period. 5. Look to the right when you speak, or don't look at the interviewer. This is a reflex action. Of course, some people look to the left when they lie. At this time, you need to ask a simple real question to check, such as what car did you drive here today? 6. When speaking normally, the sound quality and tone of the voice suddenly change to cover up the inner fragility. 7. The body will have uncomfortable performances, such as a far-fetched smile (uneven cheeks on both sides), blushing, covering your mouth, licking your lips frequently, touching your nose, scratching your ears, scratching your neck, pulling your collar, and pinching your fingers between your lips. Author: Zeng Shuangxi is the consultant director and senior consultant of Nomstar Group in South China.