Why isn't Shijiazhuang called Zhengding?

Shijiazhuang was founded in Ming dynasty. Qing belongs to Huolu County, Zhengding Prefecture. According to the records of Hulu County, which was revised in the fourth year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (AD 1878), there were 1 families in Shijiazhuang at that time, with a population of more than 6, and most of the villagers were farmers, covering an area of about half a square kilometer. Shijiazhuang experienced more than 4 years in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with little development. The real development period was after the late Qing Dynasty. With the construction of the 1213-kilometer trunk line of Jinghan Railway in 191, the station was set up in 192, the Zhengtai (Shitai) railway was started in 194, the two trunk lines were opened to traffic in 197, and the Shijiazhuang Railway Bureau was established, which gradually developed from village to town. After the railway was opened and the station was set up here, there were vendors selling goods at the station and several small shops in the village. All the guests who go to Shanxi come here, and then find a car to go west of the dry road. According to historical records, Huolu County has been the main road for western mountainous areas to enter the North China Plain since ancient times. The reopening of the two main railway lines, Jinghan and Zhengtai, made Shijiazhuang quickly become the material distribution center in the central and southern parts of Hebei and Shanxi provinces, with merchants gathering and becoming prosperous.

in p>1925, Shimen city was established with the approval of Beiyang government. The reason for the name is to take a word from each village of Shijiazhuang and Xiumen, so as to give them a real name. Later, because the Xiumen gentry claimed to be a big family, quarreled endlessly, and because of the lack of population, they were mediated by the governor of Luxian County and set up a municipal office. At that time, the population was 6 thousand and the area was 11 square kilometers.

On July 3rd, 1928, the National Government promulgated the Municipal Organization Law. Article 3 stipulates that any city with a population of over 2, may be established as a city upon the petition of the provincial government and the charter of the National Government. Since the population of Shijiazhuang is only 6,, the organizational system of Shimen City was abolished and the town office was established. In 1933, the Shijiazhuang Public Security Bureau conducted a comprehensive survey of the city's population. At that time, Shijiazhuang was four kilometers long from east to west and four and a half kilometers long from north to south, covering an area of about eleven square kilometers. The city's population was 63,156, of which merchants accounted for about 15% of the total households.

On July 7th, 1937, the Lugouqiao Incident shocked China and foreign countries. Subsequently, on October 11th of the same year, the Japanese army occupied Shijiazhuang, and the urban population dropped sharply, to 5, by the end of the year. After the Japanese army invaded Shijiazhuang, it attached great importance to the strategic role of transportation hub and military fortress, and regarded Shijiazhuang as a military center to control Hebei, Henan and Shanxi provinces. And take advantage of Shijiazhuang grain and cotton base and coal mine center to plunder wantonly. At the same time, vigorously expand the urban area. First of all, a military station base was built, and a large number of troops were stationed in the city, and northern barracks, southern barracks, eastern barracks and western barracks were built. The military area alone reached 4.7 square kilometers, accounting for 4% of the city's total area. It is also planned to develop Shijiazhuang into one of the six major cities in North China (six major cities: Beijing, Tianjin, Jinan, Xuzhou, Taiyuan and Shijiazhuang).

the city system was realized on January 15th, 1938. The Japanese Puppet sent Ma Heshou to organize the preparation office of Shimen Municipal Office (namely the municipal government). On October 31st of the same year, the Municipal Office was formally established. Later, because the population was only 7, at that time, it did not meet the conditions of setting up a city with a population of 15,. Therefore, more than 5 villages belonging to Zhengding and Huolu were included to set up a new city. On October 7, 1939, the Provisional Administrative Committee of the Japanese Puppet Central Committee approved the establishment of Shimen City. In October of the same year, Shimen Construction Office of Beijing Engineering Bureau of the General Administration of Japanese Puppet Construction formulated the "Outline of Shimen Urban Plan" (the overall urban planning), and successively opened Xiehe Road (now Shengli Road is 2,5m long and 2m wide), Xinmin Road (now Jiefang Road is 2,m long and 3m wide) and Heping Road (now Ping 'an Street is 7m long and 2m wide). Xinxing Road (now Xinhua Road, 1 meters long and 3 meters wide), Baojin Street (now Nanma Road, 1 meters long and 3 meters wide), Chaoyang Road (now Xinhua Road, 1 meters long and 3 meters wide) and other main roads. The dirt road and stone road in the old area have been repaired, and foreign roads have been opened: Shizheng, Shishuo, Shiyuan, Shiluan and Shijie, so as to connect the surrounding counties and important villages and towns.

on August 9, 1939, the whole urban area was flooded by mountain torrents in Taihang Mountain, and the water was exhausted until August 13. According to statistics, 1,878 houses collapsed, 69 houses were damaged, and 1,67 people and 374 households were affected. In order to prevent mountain torrents from invading the city again, construction of the western flood dike was started on February 11th, 1941. At that time, the dike was 8,664 meters long and the river was 2,76 meters wide (namely Shijin Canal). The total project employed 197,293 people, which lasted 53 days and was completed on April 3rd of the same year.

in June p>194, the construction of Shide Railway (Shijiazhuang to Dezhou) was started, and it was completed in the middle of November of the same year, with a length of 181 kilometers. On March 16, 1942, Shijin Canal was expanded. The main projects include hydropower station, irrigation, large storage tank, water storage weir, water diversion channel, grit chamber, water intake weir, ship lock and canal waterway, with a construction period of five years. When Japan surrendered, only two-fifths of the total project was completed.

At the end of p>1939, the Japanese army formulated the "Shijiazhuang Urban Plan" to strengthen its aggression against China. This plan focuses on barracks, military factories, warehouses, railways and water transport, and has been implemented one after another. Public utilities such as electricity, telephone and running water supporting the above-mentioned key projects have also started construction according to the urban plan. By the beginning of 1942, for more than two years, the total project cost for roads, water conservancy, running water and other projects was 7.6 million yuan (then currency).

At the same time, in order to control cotton production in North China, the Japanese army set up an organization in Shimen City to take charge of cotton-producing areas in Shandong, Shanxi, Hebei and Henan. Therefore, it has also become a distribution center for grain and cotton in North China and minerals such as Shanxi, Yangquan and Hebei Jingxing coal mines. Commercial transportation has also developed one after another. The population has gradually increased to as many as 2,.

after Japan surrendered in p>1945, the Kuomintang government sent Hou ruyong, the twelfth brigade of the fifth army, to "take over" Shijiazhuang in the name of the first theater advance team. At that time, the Kuomintang government devoted its main energy to fighting the civil war. In 1946 alone, it built 6 Li of air-raid shelters, 29.5 kilometers of railway around the city, 34 Li of internal air-raid shelters, more than 3 Li of off-site aircraft trenches and more than 4 bunkers around the trenches. The city scene is declining, business is declining, and municipal construction is stalled.

On November 12th, 1947, China People's Liberation Army captured Shijiazhuang. Followed by a series of post-war recovery and formation work. Only in the two years from 1948 to 1949, the ruins of war were basically cleared, and normal urban traffic and municipal public facilities such as water supply and power supply were restored. After 195, economic construction gradually resumed, and the state began to invest in jingxing mining area to build coal mines with an annual output of 1.85 million tons of raw coal and 1.79 million tons of coal washing, and the micro-hydropower plant with an installed capacity of 1, kilowatts also began to expand. In addition, 19 factories including Shijiazhuang Textile Factory (now No.6 National Cotton Factory), winery, water pump factory, machine tool factory, knitting factory, food factory and flour factory were invested. The total capital investment is 37.59 million yuan. After restoration and construction, the urban population reached 169,, and the urban area reached 22.52 square kilometers.

In terms of urban construction, the "Draft Urban Plan of Shijiazhuang" has been drawn up since 1949. Wang Zixing, director of the Urban Construction Bureau, personally wrote, with the assistance of Zhang Youxin, a planning expert. However, due to the lack of drawings, its planning scheme only puts forward the idea of urban planning. Detailed engineering planning and professional planning have not been compiled. At that time, there were three guiding ideology of planning. First, changing the consumption city into the production city; Secondly, how to give full play to Shijiazhuang's role as a central city in North China? Considering the conditions of products, transportation and natural geography, it is planned to transfer Jingxing, Huolu and Zhengding into urban areas. Third, rely on the old city, transform the old city, and develop compactly from the inside out. At that time, the planning focus was on the development of Qiaoxi. The administrative center is located in the middle of Zhonghua Street, that is, with Huaxi Road as the horizontal axis, Xinhua Road People's Park in the north and Zhongshan Road Stadium in the south. The industrial zone is located in the northern part of the city, along the banks of the Shijin Canal, east to Tuxian Village and west to Sanzhuang Village. The residential area is located between the commercial area and the industrial area in the old city, which is the first urban planning scheme in Shijiazhuang after liberation.