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6 Chemical Practice Summary Papers (2)
The following are some summaries and experiences from my work:
purpose
By arranging internship in fatty acid workshop, we can understand the production process, the setting of functional departments and their functions, and understand the internal control of enterprises.
procedure
In this more than a month, after we went to the production workshop, we first learned the whole process of fatty acid production, from purchasing and warehousing, to selecting and producing, and then to canning the finished products, and we had a basic understanding of the production activities of the whole workshop, which laid a good foundation for us to be familiar with the enterprise and carry out practical operations.
Among them, we knew almost nothing about the production of fatty acids before, but after going to the workshop, we not only learned about the production process, but also further learned about the production process and uses of fatty acids. Because fatty acids are directly used in Yangzi petrochemical production behind the company after production, there is a certain output every month. Moreover, due to the limitation of season and temperature, the time and intensity of machine start-up are also stipulated. In addition, the visit to some assembly lines also inspired me to think about how to reduce production costs by building new assembly lines. Therefore, I deeply feel that to be a qualified accountant, we must understand the basic and basic operation links, otherwise it is easy to make theory divorced from reality.
Because chemical production is uninterrupted, there must always be people in the workshop, and the workshop staff adopts four shifts and two shifts (12 hours a day and two days off at night) and regular day shift system. There are four people (director, technician, etc. Who works in the long day shift in our workshop, while others are divided into four classes, four classes and two classes.
Although we don't have formal delivery, we all strictly abide by the production discipline of the workshop and actively ask questions when we encounter unknown places to avoid safety accidents. In the workshop, we must first understand the production process, first look at each instrument and equipment, and understand their names and uses. The technicians will patiently explain to us what we don't understand. In order to better work, we draw this process in order to better understand the working environment. Of course, safety is the most important thing in chemical production. So, we just entered.
We are arranged to work shifts with them in Class C, so that we can personally participate in the actual production.
But whether we can further improve our work efficiency through some technical means in our daily work. Production process fatty acid is a widely used industrial raw material, which can be used to extract oil sludge as production raw material. Widely used in rubber vulcanizing agent, plastic heat stabilizer, lubricant, textile softener, chemical fiber oil agent and so on. In medicine, it is used to prepare various preparations, solvents, hygroscopic agents and sweeteners. According to the survey, the domestic annual demand for fatty acids is 300,000 tons, the annual output is 200,000 tons, and the gap is 654.38+10,000 tons. There is a great market demand.
A method for producing fatty acid is characterized in that raw materials undergo hydrolysis reaction to generate crude fatty acid and glycerol water, and the generated crude fatty acid is distilled to form a finished product, characterized in that the hydrolysis reaction is that the raw materials pass through more than two hydrolysis towers (25), and the hydrolysis towers (25) are heated by heat conducting oil; In the distillation process, firstly, the crude fatty acid in the degassing tower (27) is dehydrated and degassed by a vacuum distillation device, and then the finished product is obtained by distillation and condensation. There are two kinds of fatty acids extracted from livestock fat: one is edible cattle and sheep oil, and the other is non-edible cattle and sheep oil, that is, industrial cattle and sheep oil. Generally, there are five indicators: ffa free fatty acid titer freezing point, miu moisture and impurities, fac color, bleaching degree of bleaching agent.
[Application]: Cattle and sheep oil fatty acids are mainly emulsifiers of styrene-butadiene rubber, soap bases of high-grade soaps, intermediates for synthesizing various surfactants, and are widely used as raw materials for rubber vulcanizing agents, plastic heat stabilizers, lubricants, textile softeners, chemical fiber oil agents, antistatic agents, food emulsifiers, cosmetic detergents and various surfactants.
[Packaging]: Barreled or bulk, each barrel 180kg/ barrel.
Feelings and experiences
In a word, this internship is rewarding, and I have a lot of experience. First of all, I deeply feel that theoretical study is the basis of actual combat, but how different practical work is from theoretical exposition. After work, in conversations with some accountants who have worked for many years, I know that good business ability is the basic ability at work, but how to deal with the relationship with colleagues and create a harmonious atmosphere for their own and others' work is so important that I can understand it better in the enterprise.
Secondly, as a member of an enterprise, no matter other staff or accountants, they should not only maintain the quality and efficiency of their work, but also be innovative in their relatively repetitive work. Pesticide plant, a big city in the west, is about to face the adjustment of "restructuring", which means that enterprises will face the role transformation from "school-run" enterprises to "social" enterprises, and some preferential policies they enjoyed before will also be widowed with the completion of restructuring. In this way, pesticide plant will face the fierce market competition more directly, accept cruel rules and constraints, innovate for the survival and development of enterprises, seek survival through change and promote development through innovation.
▼ Summary of Chemical Practice Mode Article 5: College students have been living in this "ivory tower" of the school, and there are few opportunities for contact with the outside world, and society is a place where people hone their will. From pure theory to production practice, short-term internship gives me the opportunity to get in touch with society and understand some basic principles of social life. From the excitement of anticipation before the internship, to the contact with Zhuzhou Chemical Plant, the first workplace that entered a long career, and to the end of the internship study life, I was lucky and happy all the way, but more importantly, my heart that had been floating for a long time calmed down this time.
Our class is divided into three groups to practice separately. After the workshop engineers finished the process flow of each workshop, each group studied sulfuric acid plant, pvc plant and titanium dioxide plant in turn. When I first entered the factory, I saw those tall towers, storage tanks and pipes. I don't know why, but I have an inexplicable fear, which is always associated with burning and explosion. Maybe it's because I usually see many reports about accidents in chemical plants! It is precisely because of the special working environment of the chemical plant that Zhuzhou Chemical Company attaches great importance to the principle of "safety first". After doing the overall understanding, through a period of study, I deeply realized that chemical plants are indeed a place with many risk factors, but as long as we are familiar with every technological process, understand every working detail and operate strictly according to the requirements, the risk factor will drop to the lowest point. In this internship, I also deeply felt the convenience brought by modern production. As we all know, working in a chemical plant is faced with a pungent smell every day, which is very harmful to the recognized physical and mental health. Now, with the continuous progress of productivity and technology, all this has become history. Now, although the machines on the production site roar, as long as the workers sit in the control room and are controlled by the computer, the equipment can run automatically and orderly, saving a lot of human resources and improving the working environment of the workers. Just like the expectation before the internship, I think the internship process will be a little leisurely. As everyone knows, the reality has sounded the alarm for me. I found that what I learned in books is like a drop of water in the sea, which is far from reality. Theoretical study is the basis of business actual combat, but the actual work and theoretical elaboration are so different. Only through practice can we find that there is such a big gap between actual operation and theory. It has been said that the theoretical knowledge of learning is even less than 20%, but the learning methods we master in school play a more important role than theoretical knowledge, and this is exactly the case. In school, a lot of knowledge is limited to books, and thinking about problems is relatively simple. In the work, we should consider the problems comprehensively and think all the problems in advance, so as to complete the work well and improve our ability.
Looking back on this short internship of more than one month, I feel that I have really learned a lot that I can't learn from textbooks, and I have learned more about enterprises and society. I realized my experience as an intern in an enterprise, which helped me find my own perspective and gradually developed my own way of thinking, which is inseparable from practice. In the process of practice, I once again feel the enrichment and growth. In a word, I gained a lot during my internship and felt deeply: theoretical study is the foundation, but how different the actual work is from theoretical elaboration. Through this production practice, I compared the theoretical knowledge I learned in school with the specific production situation in the workshop. On the one hand, consolidate what you have learned and improve your ability to deal with practical problems. On the other hand, we will prepare for our future graduation design and our smooth integration into society.
Therefore, in the future study, we can combine practice with theoretical study according to different contents and adopt more effective methods flexibly. Thank the school for arranging this internship opportunity for us, and thank teachers Zhao, Chen and Xiao for their companionship and guidance. Although the development of chemical production is difficult, the world is vast and the development is endless.
However, the competition of chemical production is fundamentally the competition of innovation ability and environmental protection, especially the competition of green products. The strategy of sustainable development needs to continue to develop. To change "Made in China" into "Created in China", we must strengthen the competition of its development trend prediction ability and develop independent innovation. Only in this way can we form a virtuous circle and promote the industrial progress in China. For the development of enterprises, the first thing we realize is the environmental problem. Although the country has been very strict in environmental governance in recent years, and enterprises have invested a lot of money and energy in environmental protection, the environment of Zhuzhou Chemical Industry is still very poor, and the air quality is extremely bad, which is also very harmful to the surrounding environment. Secondly, the problem of equipment and workshop renewal. Many of Zhuzhou Chemical Company's equipment was built when Zhuzhou Chemical Company first built the factory, and it is still in use now. It has been 50 or 60 years, and the problem of aging is serious. If it is not updated, it will be difficult for enterprises to keep pace with the new era. Finally, the problem of streamlining personnel. Streamlining personnel is also closely related to equipment updating and automated production. If automatic production and inspection can be realized, the efficiency can be greatly improved. Although the development of chemical production is difficult, the world is vast and the development is endless.
The employment unit will not tell us the work to be done in detail like the teacher, but more needs us to observe and learn by ourselves. Without this ability, it is difficult to be competent for future challenges. With the rapid development of science and the wide application of new technologies, there will be many fields that we have never touched. Only by daring to try can we make a breakthrough and make innovations. Half a year's internship brings us not only the operational skills I have been exposed to, but also the abilities we need to exercise through several types of work. More importantly, we need each of us to feel, reflect, work hard, encourage ourselves and gain something after the internship, so that this internship can achieve the real purpose.
I also have many shortcomings in my internship. For example: lack of practical experience and lack of standards in related industries. I often remind myself that I must not be afraid of hardship and fatigue, and strengthen practice while mastering solid theoretical knowledge, so as to integrate theory with practice. On the other hand, we should constantly strengthen our study, learn new knowledge and practical ability. In the future study, we can combine practice with theoretical study according to different contents and adopt more effective methods flexibly. Finally, I want to thank the school for arranging this internship opportunity for us, and I want to thank Teacher Zhao, Teacher Chen, Teacher Xiao and the students who accompanied and guided us for their care.
▼ Summary of Chemical Practice Mode Part VI: First, the purpose of practice:
1. After completing the teaching of basic theory courses and some specialized courses, through practice, we will combine theoretical knowledge with production practice, improve production practice ability, deepen students' understanding of basic theory and knowledge, make theoretical knowledge perceptual and stimulate students' interest in learning professional theoretical knowledge.
2. Provide the necessary perceptual knowledge for the follow-up professional courses, further master the necessary professional knowledge, basic theory and basic skills of this major, and analyze and solve certain practical problems.
Second, the practice teaching content and requirements:
1. Students are divided into groups, with a factory as the main practice place, to understand the purpose and function of each part involved in the production process of products, and to take the whole production process or one or more parts as the main content of the practice, focusing on mastering its technological process.
2, understand the main equipment used at present and its principle, operation and control methods, production management, control and detection methods of main process parameters.
3. Combining the knowledge learned before, I put forward my own views on the technical problems existing in the practice factory, and put forward solutions and suggestions to cultivate innovative spirit. Understand the important work of this major in national economic construction through practice, and improve the interest and enthusiasm of further learning this major.
4, during the internship, students should strictly abide by the rules and regulations of the factory, pay attention to not affect the production, do not touch the equipment at will, and firmly establish the idea of safety first; Learn from experienced workers' masters and experienced engineers and technicians with an open mind, accumulate extensive perceptual knowledge and cultivate practical ability.
Three. Introduction of internship unit:
Hubei Sanning Chemical Co., Ltd., formerly known as Zhijiang Fertilizer Plant, was established in 1970. The company's annual output is 6,543,800 tons of total ammonia, 2.4 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and 2 million tons of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, methanol and dimethyl ether. It is a large enterprise integrating coal chemical industry, phosphorus chemical industry and fine chemical industry. The company's technology center is a provincial-level technology center, with independent core technologies in low-pressure methanol, coal gasification and refined phosphoric acid.
Fourth, the production practice:
Internship projects include collecting safety helmets, arranging accommodation and issuing meal cards, listening to corporate culture propaganda and visiting Sanning Company and Sanning New Village, attending safety knowledge lectures and conducting safety knowledge tests, learning processes in urea section, phosphoric acid concentration section and sulfuric acid production section, and being familiar with the logistics direction of devices and pipelines.
Practice in urea section This practice mainly focuses on the study of process flow. Due to the complexity of urea production process and numerous pipelines, we can't grasp the logistics trend of equipment and pipelines in just a few days, only know the process flow. There are eight people in our group. Urea production reaction is completed in two steps. The first step is to produce methylammonium with ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the second step is to dehydrate urea from methylammonium. The reaction seems simple, but the production process is very complicated. The reaction devices are distributed on 80-meter-high floors, and there are dozens of devices. The flow chart can be simplified into five parts: synthesis tower, high temperature cooling unit, high scrubber, stripper and absorption unit. The raw materials needed in this section are liquid ammonia and carbon dioxide from the previous section, and the raw gas also contains methane, hydrogen, water and inert gas. From the point of feed, there are two streams, namely liquid ammonia and carbon dioxide, and there are several circulation lines inside. I think we should look at the process flow from the high potassium cooler first. Liquid ammonia and methylammonium from the scrubber are injected into the high-potassium cooler through the high-pressure pump, and react with carbon dioxide from the stripper to mainly produce methylammonium. The two discharged materials are divided into methylammonium and liquid ammonia (containing a small amount of carbon dioxide) and enter the synthetic tower, where methylammonium decomposes to generate urea and water, urine, methylammonium and dissolved ammonia flow out from the bottom of the tower, and carbon dioxide and ammonia are discharged from the top of the tower. The pipeline at the bottom of the tower flows into the top of the stripper and is stripped together with raw carbon dioxide. The ammonia in the reaction solution is taken away by carbon dioxide and enters a high-potassium cooler for the first step of reaction. Urine and methylammonium from the bottom of the stripper are mainly sent to the rectification section. Looking at the synthetic tower again, the gas at the top of the tower enters the high scrubber, and the methylamine in the product is pumped into the high scrubber after treatment, and the ammonia in it is absorbed by methylamine, and then pumped into the high-potassium cooler together with the liquid ammonia raw material. The gas discharged from the high scrubber mainly contains carbon dioxide. This gas is finally sent to the low absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide and ammonia under the action of cooling liquid, and the rest of the tail gas is vented under the dilution of purge steam. Because this is only a section of urea, its technological process can only be understood through manual separation.
The production process of urea plant is complicated. The production process has strong continuity and complex technology; Toxic, harmful, flammable, explosive, easy to poison, easy to corrode and other characteristics; High temperature and high pressure equipment; High degree of automation and strict operation requirements. The schematic diagram of the main production process is:
The purified air indexes are: CO and CO2 ≤ 25%; H2S≤ 100mg/cm3; CH4≤ 15%。 The absorption of hydrogen sulfide by alkaline solution in desulfurization is mainly due to serious corrosion of steel and poisoning of catalyst, which has an impact on production. When shifting gears, carbon monoxide is mainly converted into carbon dioxide, and the supercharging efficiency should be maximized. For shift stripping, the lower the temperature, the higher the safety factor and the longer the service life of the catalyst, of course, under the premise of normal production. Decarburization is mainly to remove carbon dioxide. The pressure required for low-pressure methanol is 5Mpa. Alcoholization is mainly gas refining, which requires CO+CO2≤25ppm to convert CO and CO2 into alcohols or hydrocarbons.
The working pressure is 14Mpa.
We look at different equipment separately, and write down their positions, nameplate information and general direction of pipelines. The actual production route is far more complicated than the flow chart, and many auxiliary equipments are more than the reaction equipments. Then they returned to the lounge for collective discussion and reached a preliminary conclusion. Then they went to the operation room and asked the staff what we didn't understand, and studied the flow chart carefully on the computer. For the internship in this workshop, I think the most important thing is to master the pipeline direction and equipment on the flow chart. Many of us climbed the 80-meter-high tower, perhaps out of curiosity, but more for the exploration of knowledge. This time, we also learned the importance of division of labor and cooperation. If a person's strength is weak, we can learn more through cooperation. Also know how to be polite, ask others to be polite, but be bold, don't be too shy, and learn to communicate with others. Although some people are not very enthusiastic, we should learn to communicate with them actively. And restrain your curiosity, don't tamper with equipment and switches to avoid accidents, and have your own independent views. In the factory, we also saw a lot of equipment and instruments only found in books, and had a clearer understanding of our profession. Although it is not so glamorous, it is very important to our daily life.
Compared with urea, the two sections of phosphoric acid concentration and sulfuric acid production are slightly simpler, and the practice situation is similar to the previous one, mainly to learn the production process and be familiar with the actual device layout and pipeline direction. The phosphoric acid plant mainly produces monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, industrial monoammonium phosphate, refined sulfuric acid and compound fertilizer. Intermediate products are sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, mainly for personal use. Compound fertilizers mainly include sulfur-based compound fertilizers, chlorine-based compound fertilizers and urea-based compound fertilizers.
In Sanning Company, phosphoric acid is mainly produced by wet method, that is, apatite is treated with sulfuric acid to produce phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, and then concentrated. Its advantage is low energy consumption. The main process flow is pulp extraction, filtration, concentration and finally to the finished product warehouse. The specific process flow is that phosphate ore is pulped first, then the pulp is transported to the extraction section by a pump, and the pulp is extracted by 98% H2SO4 in the extraction section, and then transported to the filtration section for filtration. The rotary disc filter is used for suction filtration in the filtration section, and the filter cake is washed repeatedly by countercurrent, which can improve the yield of phosphoric acid. The filtered dilute phosphoric acid is transported to the concentration section for concentration to generate concentrated phosphoric acid. During concentration in the concentration section, the vacuum degree of the evaporation chamber is -70Kpa and the temperature is 75℃-80℃. The final stage of the process is to send the concentrated phosphoric acid to the finished product warehouse for storage. The hydrogen fluoride gas generated in the production process mainly reacts with silicon dioxide and is absorbed by sodium hydroxide, and the generated sodium fluorosilicate can be used for other purposes.
The process of manufacturing sulfuric acid is relatively simple. The phosphoric acid plant of Sanning Company mainly has two sets of equipment for sulfuric acid production, with annual output of 300,000 tons and 800,000 tons respectively. The technological process of sulfuric acid is that the temperature of sulfur waste heat boiler should reach above 1000℃ during incineration, mainly to prevent the generation of sublimated sulfur, and exchange heat with water in the waste heat boiler to make the temperature of primary conversion reach above 400℃, so as to maximize the catalytic activity of vanadium catalyst. The water after heat exchange can be used for other purposes.
V. Internship experience:
I feel very honored to have the opportunity to practice in Sanning Chemical Industry this time. Although it was only eleven days, I learned a lot of knowledge that I couldn't learn in class. During the period, with the help and guidance of teachers and masters of technology university, I gained a perceptual knowledge of some common theoretical things in the process of discussing with my classmates, and I felt that I benefited a lot. This will be of great help to our future study and work. In this internship, we visited various factories under the leadership of the worker's master, got a detailed understanding of the equipment and control system of each workshop, got a preliminary understanding of the process indicators of each workshop, and made a simple understanding of the management system of the factory. In the factory, we learned about the factory and saw the working and living conditions of the workers.
Production practice is an important practical teaching link arranged by our school to train high-quality engineering and technical talents, and it is an important way to combine teaching with production practice and theory with practice. Its purpose is to train and cultivate our professional knowledge and talent quality through internship, so as to lay a good foundation for quickly becoming a business backbone after graduation.
Through eleven days of internship, I feel that I have gained a lot: I have a certain understanding of chemical equipment, especially the knowledge about containers, which is very important not only in the usual classroom study, but also in the design and development of chemical products in the company. This strengthened my enthusiasm and confidence in learning chemical engineering and technology. We had only a perceptual knowledge of our chemical engineering specialty before, but we didn't fully understand it. I don't know much about the actual production situation, operation process, problems and solutions. The actual production process is closely related to the theory, but only through personal experience and careful study can we find the difference. Moreover, production practice is also an important step and platform for our college students to enter the society, which must be taken seriously and cherished.
Generally speaking, this internship has made me gain a lot, not only understanding the chemical plant in depth, but also understanding the daily work and life of the workers' masters. I further learned how to combine theoretical knowledge with concrete practice, how to solve various problems encountered in production and how to improve them. It laid a solid foundation for future study and work. I sincerely thank the leaders of the school and the company, which is a valuable asset for my future study and work.
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