Which major is better and more promising, mold fitter or CNC machine tool?

I tell you with certainty ---gt; CNC majors are better and more promising

Some big cities also lack such talents

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Experts predict: The 21st century will be a competition for CNC

What is CNC technology

CNC technology refers to numbers composed of numbers, words and symbols A technology that uses instructions to control the motion of one or more mechanical equipment. What it controls is usually mechanical quantities such as position, angle, speed, and switching quantities related to the flow of mechanical energy. The emergence of numerical control relies on the emergence of data carriers and binary form data operations. In 1908, the perforated metal sheet interchangeable data carrier came out; at the end of the 19th century, a control system using paper as a data carrier and with auxiliary functions was invented; in 1938, Shannon performed fast data calculation and transmission at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. It laid the foundation for modern computers, including computer numerical control systems. CNC technology is developed in close combination with machine tool control. In 1952, the first CNC machine tool came out, which became an epoch-making event in the history of the world's machinery industry and promoted the development of automation.

Nowadays, CNC technology is also called computer CNC technology. At present, it is a technology that uses computers to realize digital program control. This technology uses computers to perform control functions on equipment according to pre-stored control programs. Since computers are used to replace the original CNC devices composed of hardware logic circuits, the storage, processing, calculation, logical judgment and other control functions of input data can be realized through computer software.

CNC machine tools are mechatronic processing equipment with a high degree of technology intensity and automation. They comprehensively apply computers, automatic control, automatic detection and precision... The processing accuracy is high and the quality is easy to guarantee. The development prospects are very broad, so it is particularly important to master the processing and programming technology of CNC lathes

Development Trends of CNC Machine Tools

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It was learned from the 7th China International Machine Tool Exhibition on April 19 that with the continuous development of science and technology, the development of CNC machine tools is also getting faster and faster. , CNC machine tools are also developing towards high performance, high precision, high speed, high flexibility and modularization. High performance: As the integration of CNC systems increases, CNC machine tools also realize centralized control of multiple units and even remote control. High precision: The precision of the CNC machine tool itself and the precision of the processed parts are getting higher and higher, and the accuracy is better maintained. High speed: The speed of each axis of the CNC machine tool will be greatly accelerated. High flexibility: The flexibility of CNC machine tools will develop towards a higher degree of automation, and management, logistics and corresponding auxiliary machines will be integrated into flexible manufacturing systems. Modularization: To shorten the cycle and reduce costs, CNC machine tools must develop in the direction of modularization, which is beneficial to both manufacturers and customers. Although my country's CNC machine tools have developed rapidly in recent years, there is still a certain gap with the international advanced level. The main manifestations are: poor reliability, poor appearance quality, long product development cycle, and poor adaptability. In order to narrow the gap with the world's advanced level, relevant experts suggest that machine tool companies should focus on the following six aspects: 1. Increase efforts to implement quality engineering and improve the failure-free rate of CNC machine tools. 2. Track the international level and develop CNC machine tools towards high efficiency and high precision. 3. Increase complete set design and development capabilities to seek breakthroughs. 4. Give full play to service advantages and expand market share. 5. Manufactured in multiple varieties to meet different levels of users. 6. Modular design shortens the development cycle and responds quickly to the market. The scope of use of CNC machine tools is getting larger and larger, and the domestic and international market capacity is also getting larger and larger. However, competition will also intensify. Only by keeping up with the general direction of advanced technological progress and constantly innovating can we catch up with the world's advanced level.

China Metallurgical News

Development Trends and Countermeasures of CNC Technology and Equipment

1 Development Trends of CNC Technology

The application of CNC technology not only brings Revolutionary changes have made manufacturing a symbol of industrialization. With the continuous development of CNC technology and the expansion of application fields, it has played a more and more important role in the development of some important industries (IT, automobiles, light industry, medical, etc.) that are important to the national economy and people's livelihood. It plays an increasingly important role because the digitization of equipment required by these industries has become a major trend in modern development. Judging from the current development trends of CNC technology and equipment in the world, its main research hotspots include the following aspects [1~4].

1.1 New trends in high-speed, high-precision machining technology and equipment

Efficiency and quality are the mainstays of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high-precision machining technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten production cycles and improve market competitiveness. For this reason, the Japan Advanced Technology Research Institute lists it as one of the five major modern manufacturing technologies, and the International Society for Production Engineering (CIRP) identifies it as one of the central research directions in the 21st century.

In the field of automobile industry, the production cycle of annual output of 300,000 vehicles is 40 seconds/vehicle, and multi-variety processing is one of the key issues that must be solved for automobile equipment; in the field of aviation and aerospace industry, its processing Most of the parts are thin-walled and thin-ribbed, with very poor stiffness. The materials are aluminum or aluminum alloys. These ribs and walls can only be processed at high cutting speeds and with small cutting forces. Recently, the method of "hollowing out" large overall aluminum alloy billets is used to manufacture large parts such as wings and fuselages, instead of assembling multiple parts through numerous rivets, screws and other connection methods, so that the strength, stiffness and reliability of the components are improved. improve. These have put forward high-speed, high-precision and high-flexibility requirements for processing equipment.

Judging from the emo2001 exhibition, the feed speed of high-speed machining centers can reach 80m/min, or even higher, and the dry running speed can reach about 100m/min. At present, many automobile factories in the world, including my country's Shanghai General Motors Company, have partially replaced modular machine tools with production lines composed of high-speed machining centers. The hypermach machine tool of the American company Cincinnati has a maximum feed speed of 60m/min, a rapid speed of 100m/min, an acceleration of 2g, and a spindle speed of 60,000r/min. It only takes 30 minutes to process a thin-walled aircraft part, while the same part takes 3 hours to process on a general high-speed milling machine and 8 hours on an ordinary milling machine. The spindle speed and acceleration of the dual-spindle lathe of the German DMG company reach 12*!000r/mm respectively. and 1g.

In terms of machining accuracy, in the past 10 years, the machining accuracy of ordinary CNC machine tools has increased from 10 μm to 5 μm, and the precision machining center has increased from 3 to 5 μm to 1 to 1.5 μm, and is ultra-precise. The processing accuracy has begun to enter the nanometer level (0.01μm).

In terms of reliability, the mtbf value of foreign CNC devices has reached more than 6,000h, and the mtbf value of servo systems has reached more than 30,000h, showing very high reliability.

In order to achieve high-speed and high-precision machining, supporting functional components such as electric spindles and linear motors have been rapidly developed, and their application fields have been further expanded.

1.2 The rapid development of 5-axis linkage machining and compound processing machine tools

Using 5-axis linkage to process three-dimensional curved surface parts, the best geometry of the tool can be used for cutting, which not only has a high smoothness, but also Efficiency has also been greatly improved. It is generally believed that the efficiency of one 5-axis linkage machine tool can be equal to that of two 3-axis linkage machine tools. Especially when using super-hard material milling cutters such as cubic boron nitride for high-speed milling of hardened steel parts, 5-axis linkage machining is comparable to 3-axis linkage. Processing produces higher efficiency. However, in the past, due to reasons such as the complex structure of the 5-axis linkage CNC system and the main machine, its price was several times higher than that of the 3-axis linkage CNC machine tools. In addition, the programming technology was difficult, which restricted the development of 5-axis linkage machine tools.

At present, due to the emergence of electric spindles, the structure of the composite spindle head for 5-axis simultaneous processing has been greatly simplified, its manufacturing difficulty and cost have been greatly reduced, and the price gap of CNC systems has narrowed. Therefore, the development of composite spindle head type 5-axis linkage machine tools and composite processing machine tools (including 5-sided processing machine tools) is promoted.

At the emo2001 exhibition, New Nippon Koki's 5-sided processing machine tool adopts a composite spindle head, which can realize processing of 4 vertical planes and processing at any angle, making 5-sided processing and 5-axis processing possible. Implemented on the same machine tool, the processing of inclined surfaces and inverted taper holes can also be achieved. The German DMG company exhibited the dmuvoution series machining center, which can process 5 sides and 5-axis simultaneous processing in one clamping, and can be controlled directly or indirectly by CNC system or CAD/CAM.

1.3 Intelligent, open, and networked have become the main trends in the development of contemporary CNC systems

CNC equipment in the 21st century will be a system with certain intelligence. The content of intelligence includes In all aspects of the CNC system: in order to pursue intelligence in processing efficiency and processing quality, such as adaptive control of the machining process and automatic generation of process parameters; in order to improve driving performance and facilitate the use of intelligence, such as feedforward control, Adaptive calculation of motor parameters, automatic load recognition, automatic model selection, self-tuning, etc.; intelligence in simplified programming and operation, such as intelligent automatic programming, intelligent human-machine interface, etc.; as well as intelligent diagnosis, intelligent Monitoring content, convenient system diagnosis and maintenance, etc.

In order to solve the problems existing in the closed nature of traditional CNC systems and the industrial production of CNC application software. At present, many countries are conducting research on open CNC systems, such as ngc (the next generation work-station/machine control) in the United States, osaca (open system architecture for control within automation systems) in Europe, and osec (open system environment for controller), China's onc (open numerical control system), etc. The openness of CNC systems has become the future of CNC systems. The so-called open CNC system means that the development of CNC systems can be serialized on a unified operating platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users by changing, adding or tailoring structural objects (CNC functions), and can easily integrate the user's special needs. Applications and technical know-how are integrated into the control system to quickly realize open CNC systems of different varieties and grades, forming famous brand products with distinctive personalities. At present, the architecture specifications, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platforms, CNC system function libraries and CNC system functional software development tools of open CNC systems are the core of current research.

Networked CNC equipment is a new highlight of the famous international machine tool expo in the past two years. The networking of CNC equipment will greatly meet the information integration needs of production lines, manufacturing systems, and manufacturing enterprises. It is also the basic unit for realizing new manufacturing models such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, and global manufacturing. Some well-known CNC machine tool and CNC system manufacturing companies at home and abroad have launched related new concepts and prototypes in the past two years. For example, at the emo2001 exhibition, the "cyberproduction center" (intelligent production center) exhibited by Japan's Yamazaki Mazak Company Control center, referred to as cpc); Japan's Okuma Machine Tool Company exhibited "it plaza" (information technology plaza, referred to as it plaza); Germany's Siemens (siemens) exhibited open manufacturing environment (open manufacturing environment, referred to as ome) etc., reflecting the trend of CNC machine tool processing developing toward networking.

1.4 Pay attention to the establishment of new technology standards and specifications

1.4.1 Regarding CNC system design and development specifications

As mentioned above, open CNC systems have more With good versatility, flexibility, adaptability, and scalability, the United States, the European Community, Japan and other countries have implemented strategic development plans and conducted research and formulation of open architecture CNC system specifications (omac, osaca, osec) , the world's three largest economies have carried out the formulation of almost identical scientific plans and specifications in a short period of time, heralding the arrival of a new period of change in CNC technology. In 2000, our country also began to research and formulate the normative framework of China's onc numerical control system.

1.4.2 About CNC standards

CNC standards are a trend in the development of informatization in the manufacturing industry. Information exchange in the 50 years since the birth of CNC technology has been based on the ISO6983 standard, which uses g and m codes to describe how to process. Its essential feature is that it is oriented to the machining process. Obviously, it is increasingly unable to meet the high-speed requirements of modern CNC technology. development needs. To this end, a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (step-nc) is being studied and formulated internationally. Its purpose is to provide a neutral mechanism that does not depend on the specific system and can describe a unified data model throughout the product life cycle. , thereby realizing the standardization of the entire manufacturing process and even product information in various industrial fields.

The emergence of step-nc may be a revolution in the field of CNC technology, which will have a profound impact on the development of CNC technology and even the entire manufacturing industry. First of all, step-nc proposes a new manufacturing concept. In the traditional manufacturing concept, NC processing programs are concentrated on a single computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be dispersed on the Internet, which is the direction of open and networked development of CNC technology. Secondly, the step-nc CNC system can also greatly reduce processing drawings (about 75%), processing program preparation time (about 35%) and processing time (about 50%).

At present, European and American countries attach great importance to step-nc research, and Europe launched the step-nc ims plan (1999.1.1 ~ 2001.12.31). Participating in this program are 20 cad/cam/capp/cnc users, manufacturers and academic institutions from Europe and Japan. The American Step Tools Company is a developer of manufacturing data exchange software worldwide. It has developed a super model for CNC machine tool processing information exchange. Its goal is to describe all processing processes with unified specifications. At present, this new data exchange format has been verified on prototypes equipped with Siemens, Fidia and European osaca-nc CNC systems.

2 Basic estimates of the development of my country's CNC technology and its industry

my country's CNC technology started in 1958, and the development process in the past 50 years can be roughly divided into three stages: First The stage is from 1958 to 1979, that is, the closed development stage. At this stage, due to foreign technical blockades and limitations of my country's basic conditions, the development of CNC technology was relatively slow. The second stage is during the country's "Sixth Five-Year Plan", "Seventh Five-Year Plan" and the early stage of the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", that is, the stage of introducing technology, digesting and absorbing it, and initially establishing a localization system. At this stage, due to the reform and opening up and the country's attention, as well as the improvement of the research and development environment and the international environment, my country's CNC technology research and development and the localization of products have made great progress. The third stage is in the late period of the country's "Eighth Five-Year Plan" and during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", that is, the implementation of industrialization research and the entry into the market competition stage. At this stage, the industrialization of my country's domestic CNC equipment has made substantial progress. At the end of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", the domestic market share of domestic CNC machine tools reached 50%, and the domestic CNC system (popular type) also reached 10%.

Looking at the development history of my country's CNC technology in the past 50 years, especially after the four five-year plans, the following achievements have been achieved overall.

a. Layed the foundation for the development of CNC technology and basically mastered modern CNC technology. Our country has now basically mastered the basic technologies of CNC systems, servo drives, CNC hosts, special machines and their accessories. Most of these technologies have the basis for commercial development, and some technologies have been commercialized and industrialized.

b. A CNC industrial base has initially been formed. On the basis of key research results and the commercialization of some technologies, CNC system manufacturers with mass production capabilities, such as Huazhong CNC and Aerospace CNC, have been established. A number of servo system and servo motor manufacturers such as Lanzhou Electric Machinery Factory and Huazhong CNC, as well as several CNC mainframe manufacturers such as Beijing No. 1 Machine Tool Factory and Jinan No. 1 Machine Tool Factory. These production plants basically form my country's CNC industry base.

c. Established a basic team of CNC research, development and management talents.

Although great progress has been made in the research, development and industrialization of CNC technology, we must also be clearly aware that the research and development of high-end CNC technology in my country, especially the technical level in industrialization There is still a big gap between the current situation and the actual needs of our country. Although my country's development speed is very fast from a vertical perspective, the horizontal comparison (compared with foreign countries) not only has a gap in technical level, but also a gap in development speed in some aspects, that is, the gap in the technical level of some high-precision CNC equipment has a tendency to widen. From an international perspective, the estimation of my country's CNC technology level and industrialization level is roughly as follows.

a. In terms of technical level, it lags behind foreign advanced levels by about 10 to 15 years, and even more so in terms of high-precision technology.

b. At the industrialization level, the market share is low, the variety coverage is small, and large-scale production has not yet been formed; the level of specialized production of functional components and complete set capabilities are low; the appearance quality is relatively poor; and the reliability is not good. High, the degree of commercialization is insufficient; domestic CNC systems have not yet established their own brand effect, and user confidence is insufficient.

c. In terms of sustainable development capabilities, the research, development and engineering capabilities of pre-competitive CNC technology are weak; the expansion of CNC technology application fields is not strong; the research and formulation of relevant standards and specifications lag behind.

The main reasons for the above-mentioned gaps are analyzed in the following aspects.

a. Cognition. There is insufficient understanding of the arduous, complex and long-term characteristics of the domestic CNC industry process; insufficient estimation of difficulties such as market irregularities, foreign blockades and strangleholds, and institutional problems; and insufficient analysis of the application level and capabilities of my country's CNC technology.

b. System aspect. More attention is paid to CNC industrialization issues from a technical perspective than comprehensive consideration from a systemic and industrial chain perspective; there is no complete high-quality supporting system, complete training, service network and other supporting systems. .

c. Mechanism. Bad mechanisms cause brain drain, restrict innovation in technology, technical routes, and product innovation, and restrict the effective implementation of plans. Often plans are ideal but difficult to implement.

d. Technical aspects. The enterprise's ability to independently innovate in technology is not strong, and its core technology engineering capabilities are not strong. The standards of machine tools are backward and the level is low, and there is insufficient research on new standards for CNC systems.

3 Strategic considerations on the development of CNC technology and industrialization in my country

3.1 Strategic considerations

my country is a major manufacturing country, and we must try our best to accept the front-end in the world's industrial transfer Rather than transferring the back-end, it is necessary to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing. Otherwise, in the new round of international industrial restructuring, my country's manufacturing industry will be further "empty core". At the expense of resources, the environment, and the market, what we get in exchange may only be international "processing centers" and "assembly centers" in the world's new economic structure, rather than the status of manufacturing centers that master core technologies. This will seriously affect our country. The development process of modern manufacturing industry.

We should pay attention to CNC technology and industrial issues from the perspective of national security strategy. First of all, from the perspective of social security, because manufacturing is the industry with the largest employment population in our country. The development of manufacturing can not only improve people’s lives level, and can also alleviate the pressure on employment in our country and ensure social stability; secondly, from the perspective of national defense and security, Western developed countries have listed high-precision CNC products as national strategic materials and have implemented embargoes and restrictions on our country. The "Toshiba Incident" ” and “The Cox Report” are prime examples.

3.2 Development Strategy

Starting from the perspective of my country’s basic national conditions and guided by the country’s strategic needs and the market demand of the national economy, in order to improve the comprehensive competitiveness and industrialization of my country’s manufacturing equipment industry With the goal of industrialization level, we use a systematic approach to select key technologies that can lead the development and upgrading of my country's manufacturing equipment industry in the early 21st century as well as supporting technologies and supporting technologies that support industrialization development as research and development content to achieve a leap forward in the manufacturing equipment industry. develop.

Emphasize market demand as the orientation, that is, focus on CNC terminal products, complete machines (such as large-volume and wide-ranging CNC lathes, milling machines, high-speed, high-precision and high-performance CNC machine tools, typical digital machinery, key industries key equipment, etc.) to drive the development of the CNC industry. Focus on solving the reliability and production scale issues of CNC systems and related functional components (digital servo systems and motors, high-speed electric spindle systems and accessories for new equipment, etc.). Without scale, there will be no high-reliability products; without scale, there will be no low-priced and competitive products; of course, without scale, China's CNC equipment will ultimately have difficulty in getting ahead.

In terms of research and development of high-precision equipment, we must emphasize the close integration of industry, academia, research and end users, with the goal of "making it possible, using it and selling it" and implementing it in accordance with the will of the country. tackle key problems to solve the urgent needs of the country.

In terms of pre-competitive CNC technology, emphasis is placed on innovation and research and development of technologies with independent intellectual property rights