Taiwan Strait terrain

[Edit this paragraph] Taiwan is a mountainous island. Taiwan is dominated by mountains and hills, accounting for about 2/3 of the province's total land area, and low-level land accounts for about 1/3. Taiwan Island is the highest mountain distribution area in eastern China. The main peak of Yushan is 3952 meters above sea level (old measurement: 3997 meters), which is the highest point in Taiwan and eastern China. The mountain system of the whole island runs from north to south. The central mountain range of the main ridge is located to the east, basically running northeast-southwest. It has a complex anticline structure and includes four roughly parallel veins from east to west, namely: the central mountain range and its large east side. The Coast Mountains (also known as the Taitung Mountains) are separated by faults and longitudinal valleys; to the west of the Central Mountains are the Xueshan Mountains and Yushan Mountains, which are connected to the north and south, and the Ali Mountains to the west. The outside of the latter is a foothills area connected by hills or mesas. Further west, it drops into an alluvial plain of varying widths extending toward the Taiwan Strait. Most of the fronts of the coastal mountains in the eastern part of Taiwan Island are steep cliffs and deep seas that drop sharply into the Pacific Ocean. The characteristics of Taiwan's terrain: "Mountains and few plains", high mountains and rapid rivers, the main mountain range runs eastward, the plains are wider to the west, long rivers mostly flow westward, the main rivers and mountains form cross valleys, and there are many canyons. Taiwan has five types of terrain: mesas, plains, mountains, basins and hills. ? Taiwan is a mountainous island, with mountainous areas accounting for two-thirds of the island’s total area. Most of the eastern and central areas are mountains and hills. The Central Mountains, Xueshan Mountains, Wangshan Mountains, Alishan Mountains and Coastal Mountains are like giant dragons winding up and down on the island of Taiwan from the northeast to the southwest. They are collectively called the Taiwan Mountains. ? The Taiwan Mountain System runs parallel to the northeast-southwest direction of Taiwan Island and runs through the middle, forming a terrain that is high in the middle and low on both sides. Most of the mountains are concentrated in the east-central part, forming a mountainous area in the east. The terrain in the central and western parts drops, and finally a vast coastal plain is formed in the western coastal area. The Central Mountain Range starts from near Suao in the north and reaches Eluanbi at the southern tip of Taiwan in the south. It runs through the north and south centers of the main island of Taiwan and becomes the backbone and watershed of the entire island. It is also known as the "Roof of Taiwan" and divides the entire island of Taiwan into East Small and West. Large asymmetrical two parts. The Central Mountains are 270 kilometers long and 80 kilometers wide from east to west. The Yushan Mountains are to the south of the Xueshan Mountains and run southwest. The northern end is across the upper reaches of the Zhuoshui River and is close to the Xueshan Mountains. The southern end reaches the northern part of the Pingtung Plain, with a total length of about 120 kilometers. The main peak of Yushan is 3997 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak on the island and in the eastern part of the mainland. The top of Yushan is covered with snow all year round and is as white as jade, so it is called "Jade Mountain". The Xueshan Mountains, also known as the sub-alpine mountains, are located on the northwest side of the Central Mountains. They are 180 kilometers long and have a main peak of 3,884 meters above sea level. They are the second highest peak in Taiwan. The Ali Mountain Range is the westernmost mountain range on Taiwan Island, and the Coast Mountain Range is the easternmost mountain range on Taiwan Island. In addition, there is a self-contained Datun volcano group at the northern end of Taiwan Island, consisting of more than 10 conical volcanoes. ? Taiwan’s mountains are tall, majestic and majestic. There are more than 50 peaks with an altitude of more than 3,500 meters, and there are more than 250 peaks with an altitude of more than 3,000 meters. Among them, Yushan (the highest peak in Taiwan), Xueshan (the second highest peak in Taiwan), Xiuguluan Mountain (the highest peak in the Central Mountain Range), Nanhu Mountain (the highest peak at the northern end of the Central Mountain Range) and Dawu Mountain (the highest peak at the southern end of the Central Mountain Range) have " It is known as "Taiwan's Five Mountains". ? Taiwan Island is hilly. Hills and mesas are distributed in the foothills of the transition between the five major mountain systems and plains, from the periphery of the Taipei Basin to the Hengchun Peninsula, generally at an altitude of about 600 meters, accounting for less than a quarter of the total area of ??Taiwan Island. There are four main hills, namely Keelung Zhunan Hills, Chiayi Hills, Fengyuan Hills and Hengchun Hills. Among them, Keelung Zhunan Hills are the largest hills in Taiwan Island. Keelung Zhunan Hills, starting from the coast near Keelung in the north, reaching Fengyuan area in Taichung in the south, bordering the northern and western foothills of the Snow Mountain Mountains in the east, and reaching the west coast of Taiwan Island in the west, consists of Keelung Hills, Hsinchu Hills, Miaoli Hills and Zhunan Hills. , is the largest hilly area in Taiwan. The Chiayi Hills are located in front of the Ali Mountains, starting from the south bank of Zhuoshui River in the north to Kaohsiung and Pingtung in the south. They are low hills with an altitude of less than 250 meters. Fengyuan Hills is located between the two hilly areas mentioned above. To the west of the line from Taichung to Nantou, Fengyuan Hills is the widest part of the western hilly area. It is semicircular from east to west and extends between the Xueshan Mountains, Yushan Mountains and Ali Mountains. It is the main island of Taiwan. The most special terrain in the central region. The Hengchun Hills are located on the Hengchun Peninsula. The central mountain range forms a gentle north-south anticline. The mountains gradually decrease to both sides, and the west is connected to the Pingtung Plain.

? In addition to hills, in the northern part of Taiwan Island to the west side of the hills in the central part, there are also some sporadically distributed low-lying plateaus with relatively hilly terrain. From north to south, there are mainly Linkou, Taoyuan, Zhongli, Hukou, Houli, Dadu and Platforms such as Bagua are all below 400 meters above sea level.

[Edit this paragraph] Surrounded by archipelago Taiwan Province includes the main island of Taiwan and 21 affiliated islands such as Orchid Island, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, and 63 islands in the Penghu Islands. It is a multi-island province. Taiwan Island is shaped like a spindle, with a length of about 394 kilometers from north to south and a maximum width of 144 kilometers from east to west. The island covers an area of ??35,873 square kilometers. At present, the so-called Taiwan region includes Taiwan Province itself and islands such as Kinmen and Matsu in Fujian Province controlled by the Taiwan authorities, with a total area of ??approximately 36,006 square kilometers. ?Penghu Islands. Also known as the Penghu Islands, they are located in the Taiwan Strait, between the main island of Taiwan and Fujian Province. The closest distance to the main island of Taiwan is 24 nautical miles to the east, and about 75 nautical miles to Xiamen, Fujian, to the west. It is a maritime transportation hub on both sides of the strait, and its geographical location is very important. It is known as the "Key to the Taiwan Strait". The Penghu Islands consist of the main island of Penghu and 63 islands, covering an area of ??126 square kilometers. The Penghu Islands were originally a large-scale basalt square mountain. After long-term erosion, the ground bed gradually became lower and later the base subsided, forming today's Penghu Islands with many discrete islands. ? Orchid Island. Originally named Hongtou Island, it is located in the Pacific Ocean southeast of Taitung County. It was renamed Orchid Island because of its rich production of precious Phalaenopsis. It covers an area of ??44.7 square kilometers. It is a volcanic island formed by the eruption of a submarine volcano. It is the largest island in Taiwan. It is now It is Lanyu Township under the jurisdiction of Taitung County, about 41 nautical miles away from Taitung City. The island has green mountains, blue sea and sky, and picturesque scenery. The island is the traditional residence of the Yamei people. There are four natural villages and six tribes, and there are also Han people living there. ? Green Island. Originally named Huoshao Island, legend has it that it got its name because the Huoshao Mountain on the island turned red under the sunlight. Later, because the name of Huoshao Island gave people the illusion that there was no grass growing, it was renamed Green Island in 1949. The island is located in the Pacific Ocean, about 18 nautical miles away from Taitung City, with an area of ??15 square kilometers. It is now the Green Island Township under the jurisdiction of Taitung County. The island is also a volcanic island, similar in appearance to Orchid Island in a scalene shape, so some people call it "sister island" with Orchid Island. The island has undulating hills, with the western part relatively flat, and hilly terraces accounting for more than 70% of the island's area. The island currently has a population of about 3,000 people and 3 villages, all of which are Han Chinese. Ryukyu Island. Also known as Xiaoliuqiu, it is located south of the mouth of Xiashui River in southern Taiwan, standing in the Taiwan Strait, about 8 nautical miles southwest of Donggang Town, Pingtung County, and about 18 nautical miles from Kaohsiung City. It is about 4 kilometers long from north to south and is the widest from east to west. It is about 2 kilometers away and covers an area of ??6.8 square kilometers. It is named Ryukyu Island because it resembles a ball floating on the sea. Ryukyu Island is a raised hill made of coral reefs. The entire island is cut by two linear trenches. The island is now a township under the jurisdiction of Pingtung County, with a population of about 15,000, more than 90% of whom are engaged in fishing.

[Edit this paragraph] Plain basins There are not many plains and basins in Taiwan, and their area is small, accounting for only one-fifth of the island's area. The main plains include the Chianan Plain, Pingtung Plain, Yilan Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain. The Jianan Plain, also known as the Tainan Plain, stretches from the south bank of Zhuoshui Creek in Changhua County in the north to the west bank of Xiashui River in Kaohsiung County in the south. It covers an area of ??approximately 4,450 square kilometers and is the largest plain in Taiwan. The Pingtung Plain is located in the southern part of Taiwan Island, covering an area of ??1,160 square kilometers. It is the second largest plain in Taiwan Island. The Yilan Plain, also known as the Lanyang Plain, is located in the northeastern part of Taiwan Island, covering an area of ??approximately 320 square kilometers. It is the earliest developed area in eastern Taiwan. The Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain is located between the mountains of the Central Mountains and the Coast Mountains, covering an area of ??approximately 700 square kilometers. In addition, there are some smaller plains along the northern coast of Taiwan Island, including the Hsinchu Alluvial Plain, Miaoli Alluvial Plain and Changhua Plain. ? Taiwan’s basins are smaller in area and less numerous than those in the plains. The larger basins mainly include the Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin Group. The Taipei Basin is located in the northern part of Taiwan Island. The southeastern sides of the basin are surrounded by hills formed by the remnants of the Xueshan Mountains. The Datun volcano group serves as a barrier to the north. The basin is surrounded by Guanyin Mountain and the Linkou Platform in the Zhunan Hills of Keelung to the west. The basin has a complete shape. Approximately a triangle, with an area of ??240 square kilometers, second only to the Taichung Basin, it is the earliest developed place in northern Taiwan. The Taichung Basin is located in the center of Taiwan Island, bounded by Da'an Creek to the north, Zhuoshui Creek to the south, the fault line from Fengyuan to Caotun via Wufeng to the east, and the eastern edge of Dadu Platform and Bagua Platform to the west, covering an area of ??400 square kilometers. It is the largest basin in Taiwan Island.

The Puli Basin is located in the Puli subsidence area of ??the Central Mountains. It is located between the middle reaches of Zhuoshui River, the upper reaches of Dadu River and Beigang River in Nantou County. There are more than a dozen subsidence basins of varying sizes, aligned north and south, and surrounded by mountains. , collectively known as the Puli Basin Group. Among them, the Puli Basin is the largest, with an area of ??about 42 square kilometers; the Yuchi Basin is the second, with an area of ??about 21 square kilometers. ? Although Taiwan’s plains and basins are limited in area, they have always been Taiwan’s most important agricultural and residential areas, as well as the most economically developed areas. About 95% of the province's large, medium and small cities are concentrated in plains and basins.

[Edit this paragraph] Diverse Coast Taiwan Province is an island province with many islands and a long coastline. Taiwan’s main island has a coastline of 1,566 kilometers, including four different coasts: eastern, northern, western and southern coasts. The eastern fault coast starts from Lailaibi in San Diaojiao, Taipei County, in the northeastern corner of Taiwan Island, and extends southwards through Yilan, Hualien, Taitung, and Jiupeng in Pingtung, with a total length of 380 kilometers. The entire coast is roughly flat and borders the Pacific Ocean. Except for the Yilan Plain, Hualien Plain, and Taitung Plain, the seaward edges have the characteristics of a raised coast. Due to faults, most of the coast has steep shore walls close to the coast. There are 4 sections in total. It is composed of fault coast and is a typical fault coast. ? The northern coast starts from the oil tanker port on the north bank of the mouth of the Tamsui River in the northwest corner of Taiwan Island in the west, passes through Fugui Cape in the north, and then turns eastward to Lailaibi in San Diaojiao, with a total length of about 85 kilometers. The northern coast faces the Pacific Ocean to the east, the East China Sea to the north, and the Taiwan Strait to the west. It is a raised coast. The north coast area is a standard sea erosion terrain. The entire coast is rugged, with alternating headlands and bays, and strange rocks and rocks, which are of great tourist value. ? The western coast starts from the south bank of the Tamsui River estuary in the north and extends southward to Fangliao in the west of Pingtung County. The total length is about 410 kilometers. It is close to the Taiwan Strait and is a sedimentary uplift coast. Compared with the eastern coast, the western coast faces a shallow sea and is connected to the coastal plain. Therefore, the entire coast is monotonous and straight, with gently sloping terrain. Under the influence of wind direction, wind force and waves, strong accumulation is caused, the beach is long, and the coast continues to extend to the western ocean. ? The southern coast runs from Fangliao, Pingtung, to the south, passes through Maobitou and Eluanbi at the southern end of Taiwan Island, then turns north to Jiupeng, bordering the Taiwan Strait to the west, the South China Sea to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the east, with a total length of 264 kilometers. Typical coral reef coast. ?Taiwan is located on the continental shelf along the southeast coast of mainland China, between 119°18′03″ and 124°34′30″ east longitude and 20°45′25″ and 25°56′30″ north latitude. Taiwan borders the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Ryukyu Islands to the northeast, about 600 kilometers apart; the Bashi Strait to the south is about 300 kilometers away from the Philippines; it faces Fujian across the Taiwan Strait to the west, with the narrowest point being 130 kilometers. Taiwan straddles the center of the Western Pacific Waterway and is an important transportation hub for maritime connections among countries in the Pacific region. ?

The Taiwan Strait runs from northeast to southwest, connecting the East China Sea in the north and the South China Sea in the south. It is about 200 nautical miles long, 70 to 221 nautical miles wide, and has an average width of about 108 nautical miles. It is a maritime transportation artery and an international Maritime traffic artery. Ships traveling between the East China Sea and the South China Sea pass here. Ships from Europe, Africa, South Asia and Oceania to China's eastern coast also pass here. Ships from the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean to the Sea of ??Japan generally pass here. ?

Taiwan is located in the southeastern sea of ??China, covering an area of ??36,000 square kilometers, including Taiwan Island (an area of ??35,800 square kilometers), Penghu Islands, Green Island, Diaoyu Island, Orchid Island, Pengjia Island, and Chiwei Island. The province is divided into 7 cities and 16 counties. ?

Taiwan Island is mountainous, with mountains and hills accounting for more than two-thirds of the entire area. The Taiwan Mountain System runs parallel to the northeast-southwest direction of Taiwan Island and lies vertically east of the central part of Taiwan Island. It forms the topographic features of the island with mountains in the east, hills in the center, and plains in the west. Taiwan Island has five major mountain ranges, four major plains, and three major basins, namely the Central Mountain Range, Snow Mountain Mountain Range, Yushan Mountain Range, Alishan Mountain Range and Taitung Mountain Range, Yilan Plain, Chianan Plain, Pingtung Plain and Taitung Longitudinal Valley Plain. Taipei Basin, Taichung Basin and Puli Basin. The Central Mountain Range runs from north to south. Yushan Mountain is 3,952 meters above sea level and is the highest peak in eastern my country. Taiwan Island is located in the Pacific Rim Seismic Belt and the Volcanic Belt. The crust is unstable and it is an area prone to earthquakes. ?

Taiwan’s climate is characterized by warm winters, hot summers, abundant rainfall, and frequent typhoons and rains in summer and autumn. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the central part of Taiwan Island. The northern part has a subtropical climate and the southern part has a tropical climate. The average annual temperature (except mountains) is 22°C, and the annual precipitation is more than 2,000 mm.

Abundant rainfall has created good conditions for the development of rivers on the island. There are 608 large and small rivers that flow into the sea alone, with rapid water flow, many waterfalls, and extremely rich water resources. Among them, the rivers with a length of more than 100 kilometers include Zhuoshui River (186.4 kilometers), Gaoping River (170.9 kilometers), Tamsui River (158.7 kilometers), Dajia River (140.3 kilometers), Zengwen River (138.5 kilometers), and Wuxi (116.8 kilometers). kilometer). ?

Taiwan’s agricultural area accounts for about a quarter of the land area. It is rich in rice, with two to three crops a year. The rice quality is good and the yield is high; the main cash crops are cane sugar and tea. There are more than 90 varieties of vegetables, and the planting area is second only to rice. Taiwan is known as the "Fruit Kingdom" with a wide variety of fruits. The value of flower production is also considerable. ?

Taiwan’s forest area accounts for about 52% of the entire territory. Taiping Mountain in Taipei, Baxian Mountain in Taichung and Alishan in Chiayi are the three famous forest areas, with timber reserves of up to 326 million cubic meters. There are nearly 4,000 species of trees, among which the precious woods such as Taiwanese fir, red cypress, camphor, and nan are famous all over the world. The camphor tree extract ranks first in the world, and the production of camphor and camphor oil accounts for about 70% of the world's total. ?

Taiwan is surrounded by the sea, with a total coastline of 1,600 kilometers. Because it is located at the junction of cold and warm currents, Taiwan is rich in fishery resources. The waters along the eastern coast are steep and deep, and the fishing season is endless all year round; the seabed in the western part is an extension of the continental shelf and is relatively flat, with abundant bottom-dwelling fish and shellfish, and offshore fisheries and aquaculture are relatively developed. Distant ocean fisheries are also relatively developed. ?

In addition to being rich in hydraulic, forest, and fishery resources, Taiwan has limited other natural resources. It only produces a small amount of coal and natural gas as its self-produced energy, and also has relatively few metal minerals such as gold, silver, copper, and iron. It is stored in the northern volcanic rock area and the central mountains. ?

Taiwan has focused on developing industry since the 1960s, and has now formed an island-type industrial and commercial economy that focuses on processing and exporting. Industries include textiles, electronics, sugar, plastics, electricity, etc., and processing and export zones have been developed in Kaohsiung, Taichung, Nanzi, etc. There are electrified railways and highways from Keelung in the north to Kaohsiung in the south, and sea and air routes to five continents in the world. ?

According to relevant statistics in Taiwan, as of August 1998, the population of Taiwan Province was more than 21.81 million. Adding the populations of Kinmen and Matsu, the total was more than 21.86 million; the annual population growth rate was approximately 7.31% . The population is mainly concentrated in the western plains, with the eastern population accounting for only 4% of the total population. The average population density is 568.83 people per square kilometer. The population density of Taipei City, the political, economic, and cultural center and the largest city, has reached 10,000 people per square kilometer. ?

Among Taiwan residents, Han people account for about 98% of the total population; ethnic minorities account for 2%, about 380,000 people. According to differences in language and customs, Taiwan's ethnic minorities are divided into nine ethnic groups: Ami, Atayal, Paiwan, Bunun, Beinan, Rukai, Cao, Yami and Saixia, and they live in various parts of the province. ?

In terms of administrative divisions, Taiwan Province governs 5 provincial cities: Keelung, Hsinchu, Taichung, Chiayi, and Tainan, Taipei, Yilan, Taoyuan, Hsinchu-Miaoli, Taichung, Changhua, Nantou, Yunlin, and Chiayi , Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Taitung, Hualien, and Penghu 16 counties. The Taiwan authorities designated Taipei City in 1967 and Kaohsiung City in 1979 as "municipalities under the jurisdiction of the Executive Yuan." In addition, there is also the so-called "Fujian Provincial Government", which governs two counties: Kinmen and Lianjiang (Matsu). ?

The scenic spots on Baodao include Sun Moon Lake, Alishan, Yangmingshan, Beitou Hot Spring, Tainan Chihkan Tower, Beigang Mazu Temple, etc. ?

Xiamen faces Taiwan across the sea. It has a superior geographical location and a good deep-water harbor. It has been known as "the gateway to Taiwan and the gateway to the southeast" since ancient times. Since the Song Dynasty, Xiamen and Taiwan have been part of the same administrative unit, and immigrants from mainland China began to move from Xiamen to Taiwan. Similar geographical location, climatic conditions and living habits have led to close relations and exchanges between the people of Xiamen and Taiwan. As recorded in the "Taiwan Prefecture Chronicle": "Taijun and Xiamen are like the two wings of a bird. The local custom says that Xiamen is Taiwan and Taiwan is Xiamen." . 70% of the ancestral places of Taiwanese people originate from southern Fujian, and the people of the two places share a brotherly hometown feeling. This specific geographical and historical relationship makes Xiamen a transit station and transportation artery for various exchanges with Taiwan, and it is also a center for economic and trade exchanges. ?

2. ?Historical overview?

In ancient times, Taiwan was connected to the mainland. Later, due to crustal movement, the connected parts sank into the sea, forming a strait, and the island of Taiwan appeared. ?

Most of Taiwan’s early residents immigrated directly or indirectly from mainland China.

In 1971 and 1974, the earliest human fossils in Taiwan were discovered twice in Zuozhen Township, Tainan County, and were named "Zuozhen Man". Archaeologists believe that the "Zuozhen Man" came to Taiwan from the mainland 30,000 years ago. Together with the "Qingliu Man" and "Dongshan Man" discovered by archeology in Fujian, they belong to the late Homo sapiens in the southern region of the Paleolithic Age in China. They have * They all have different origins and have inherited some characteristics of Homo erectus in China. Among the early residents of Taiwan, there were also a small number of dwarf blacks belonging to the Negrito race and the Langqiao people of the Ryukyu race. The above-mentioned early residents of Taiwan are the ancestors of today’s ethnic minorities in Taiwan. ?

Taiwan’s recorded history can be traced back to 230 AD. At that time, Sun Quan, King of Wu of the Three Kingdoms, sent 10,000 officers and soldiers to "Yizhou" (Taiwan). Wu Shen Ying's "Linhai Land Chronicle" left the earliest record of Taiwan in the world. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties (589-618 AD), Taiwan was called "Liuqiu". The Sui Dynasty visited Taiwan three times. According to historical records, in 610 (the sixth year of Sui Dynasty), Han people began to immigrate to the Penghu area. By the Song and Yuan Dynasties (AD 960-1368), there were a considerable number of Han people in the Penghu area. After the Han people opened up Penghu, they began to develop into Taiwan and brought with them the advanced production technology of the time. In the middle of the 12th century AD, the Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County, Quanzhou, Fujian, and sent troops to guard it. The Yuan Dynasty also sent troops to Taiwan. The governments of the Yuan and Ming dynasties set up an inspection department in Penghu, which was responsible for patrolling, detecting criminals, and also running salt classes. In the late Ming Dynasty, the scale of development became larger and larger. In the era of war and famine, the Fujian authorities of the Ming Dynasty government and the Zheng Zhilong Group once organized organized immigration to Taiwan. ?

In the 16th century, Western colonial powers such as Spain and the Netherlands developed rapidly and began to extend their tentacles to the East. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Dutch colonists took advantage of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty and the growing power of the Manchus in the Northeast, and when the Ming government was in dire straits, they invaded Taiwan. Soon, the Spanish invaded some areas in the north and east of Taiwan. They were driven out by the Dutch in 1642, and Taiwan became a Dutch colony. The Dutch colonists implemented coercive rule, taking the land as their own, forcing the people to pay various taxes, plundering Taiwan's rice and sugar, and re-exporting the Chinese raw silk, sugar and porcelain they acquired through Taiwan to other countries, making high profits. The rule of the Dutch colonialists aroused the resistance of the Taiwanese people. In September 1652, peasant leader Guo Huaiyi led a large-scale armed uprising. Although this armed uprising was suppressed, it showed that the Dutch colonial rule was in crisis. ?

In 1644, the Qing army entered the Pass and established the Qing Dynasty regime in Beijing. In April 1661, Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships to march from Kinmen to Taiwan in the name of recruiting generals from the Southern Ming Dynasty. When Zheng Chenggong entered Taiwan, he told the Dutch colonists that Taiwan "has always belonged to China" and that "the residents of the two islands of Taiwan and Penghu are all Chinese, and they have occupied and cultivated this land since ancient times." The Netherlands "should It was returned to its original owner." After fierce fighting and siege, in February 1662, Zheng Chenggong forced the Dutch Governor Ku Yi to sign a surrender. Zheng Chenggong regained the Chinese territory of Taiwan from the Dutch colonists and became a great national hero, respected by the majority of the people. ?

In 1684, the Qing government set up the Taiwan-Xiamen Military Preparatory Road and Taiwan Prefecture, which were affiliated to Fujian Province. By 1811, Taiwan's population had reached 1.9 million, most of whom were immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. A large number of immigrants reclaimed wasteland, turning Taiwan into an emerging agricultural region. They provided a large amount of rice and cane sugar to the mainland, as well as daily consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland, which enabled Taiwan's economy to develop to a considerable extent. During this period, Taiwan had very close contacts with Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan more comprehensively. ?

As Western powers invaded China’s borders, China experienced a border crisis. During the Sino-French War of 1884-1885, the French army attacked Taiwan and was severely damaged by Liu Mingchuan's army. By the signing of the "Sino-French New Treaty" in June 1885, the French army was forced to withdraw from Taiwan. ?

After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government classified Taiwan as a single province in 1885, making Taiwan the 20th province of China. Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province, actively implemented the New Deal of self-improvement, cleared land taxes, increased fiscal revenue, purchased ships, set up telegraph lines, established the General Post and Telecommunications Bureau, and built railways; purchased warships, added forts, set up a Machinery Bureau to manufacture self-made weapons; established a Coal Bureau, Install new coal mining machines; set up a company to revitalize the city, build streets and roads; establish Western School and Telegraph School to cultivate construction talents.

Liu Mingchuan concentrated many new undertakings in one province, making Taiwan one of the advanced provinces in China at that time. ?

In 1894, Japan launched the Sino-Japanese War of 1894. The Qing government was defeated the following year and was forced to sign the humiliating Treaty of Shimonoseki on April 17, ceding Taiwan to Japan. After the news came out, the whole country was indignant and opposed the cessation of Taiwan; the whole province of Taiwan "wept loudly" and went on strike. Liu Yongfu, the general of the Qing army who assisted in Taiwan's military affairs, and others led the army and the people to resist the Japanese occupation. They persisted in the battle for more than five months and went through more than a hundred battles. The Japanese invaders paid a heavy price, but they were ultimately defeated. From then on, Taiwan became a Japanese colony for 50 years. ?

The people of Taiwan have never surrendered to Japanese colonial rule. In the early days of the Japanese occupation, the anti-Japanese armed forces, with farmers as the main body, fought for 20 years. Later, the Cultural Association, the People's Party, the Communist Party, etc. also organized and led the national resistance movement against Japanese colonial rule. ?

In July 1937, Japan caused the "July 7th Incident", and the Chinese people began the nation's anti-Japanese war. During the Anti-Japanese War, many Taiwan compatriots returned to the motherland to participate in the Anti-Japanese War and contributed to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War and the recovery of Taiwan. After the outbreak of the Pacific War in December 1941, the Chinese government issued the "China's Declaration of War against Japan" on December 9, clearly announcing to China and foreign countries: "All treaties, agreements, and contracts involving relations between China and Japan will be abolished. ."?

In August 1945, Japan was defeated in World War II and announced its unconditional surrender on August 15. After eight years of heroic anti-Japanese war, the Chinese people finally regained Taiwan. Taiwan compatriots celebrated their return to the motherland with great joy. On October 25, the surrender ceremony of Taiwan Province in the Allied China Theater was held in Taipei. The surrender officer announced on behalf of the Chinese government: From now on, Taiwan and the Penghu Islands have officially reentered the territory of China, and all land, people, and political affairs have been placed under control. under Chinese sovereignty. At this point, Taiwan and Penghu returned to China's sovereign jurisdiction.