Classical Chinese in Beijing

1. Classical Chinese essays describing Beijing

Beijing is a prosperous place where merchants gather; the prosperity of science and technology and humanities brings together talented people from all over the world; royal style, emperor The weather is all like this; it’s all gone.

Looking at the world today, Ah San wants to seize our southern Tibet, Japanese pirates are spying on the oil fields, and the South China Sea is a waste of time. How dare a cricket fly shake a tree? . We are surrounded by powerful enemies, but our desire to kill us will never die; our comrades must stand up and serve the country with our blood, soaring into the sky.

Teach you and other juniors to remember: Anyone who offends our strong men will be punished no matter how far away they are! ! Today, all the students are fortunate enough to gather here, cherish your youth, work hard, spread your wings to soar into the sky, and be employed in the world in the near future; let us spread the power of China! Rise peacefully and fight for a future for your descendants! ! PS: Those are still far away, let’s talk about the present: a few more words, they are all good words: cheating on food, drinking, cheating junior sister. Fire prevention, theft prevention, brother.

That’s all I have to say, so that you can do what you want. 2. What ancient texts must be memorized in junior high schools in Beijing?

Ancient prose part 1. Six chapters of "The Analects of Confucius" "The Analects of Confucius" Confucius said: "Isn't it true that one should learn from time to time? A friend comes from afar, and he doesn't Isn't it a pleasure to be ignorant? Isn't it a gentleman? "("Xue Er") Confucius said: "You can become a teacher by reviewing the past and learning the new."

("Wei Zheng") Confucius said: "Learning without thinking is in vain; thinking without learning is laziness." ("Wei Zheng") Zi Gong asked: "Why did Confucius call it 'wen'?" Confucius Said: "A person who is quick and eager to learn, and is not ashamed to ask questions is called literature."

("Gongye Chang") Confucius said: "I know things silently, I am not tired of learning, I am not tired of teaching, what does it mean to me? " ("Shu Er") Confucius said: "Three people must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones."

) 2. Fish is what I want. "Mencius" Fish is what I want; bear's paws are also what I want. You can't have both, it's like giving up the fish for the bear's paw.

Life is what I want; righteousness is what I want. You can't have both, you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness.

Life is what I want, and what I want is more than life, so I won’t get it; death is what I hate, and what I hate is more than the dead, so I can’t get rid of it. If there is nothing more that people want than life, then why not use anything that can lead to life? There is nothing more evil that can be done to a person than the dead, so why not do whatever can be done to ward off the patient? Because of this, it is born that there is no need for it; because of this, it is possible to avoid trouble but there is no need to do anything.

Therefore, what one desires is more than the living, and what one hates is more than the dead. Not only sages have this mind, but everyone has it. A sage will not lose his ears.

A basket of food, a piece of bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you don't get it, you will die. If you give it to you, those who practice Tao will not accept it; if you give it to you, beggars will look down upon it. Wan Zhong accepts it without arguing about etiquette. What does Wan Zhong do to me? For the beauty of the palace, the support of wives and concubines, and the needy people I know, do you want me to give them to you? I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it because of the beauty of the palace; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I can give it to my wives and concubines; I can’t accept my hometown because of my death, but now I want it for the poor people I know. , is this not possible? This is called losing one's original intention.

3. Born in sorrow, desiring peace of mind in death. "Mencius" Shun was born in the countryside, Fu Shuo was raised in the building, Jiao Ge was raised in the fish and salt, Guan Yi was raised in the scholar. , Sun Shuao was lifted up in the sea, Baili Xi was lifted up in the city. Therefore, when Heaven is about to entrust a person with a great responsibility, he must first strain his mind and will, strain his muscles and bones, starve his body and skin, deplete his body, and mess up his actions. Therefore, tempting his heart and forbearance will benefit him beyond what he can do.

People always make mistakes, and then they can change; they are stuck in the heart, and they are balanced by worries, and then they act; they are marked by color, they are expressed by sound, and then they are metaphors. If you enter, you will be unable to control the people at home, if you leave, you will be invincible to foreign patients, and the country will be permanently destroyed.

Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. 4. The Controversy of Cao GUI "Zuo Zhuan" In the spring of ten years, the Qi army attacked me.

The general fights. Please see Cao GUI.

His countrymen said: "Meat-eaters plan, how can they do it?" GUI said: "Meat-eaters are despicable, and they cannot plan far." So he came to see it.

Asked: "Why fight?" The Duke said: "If you have enough food and clothing, you don't dare to specialize, you must divide people." He said to him: "If you don't sway small favors, the people will not obey."

The Duke said: "If you sacrifice jade and silk, you must have faith." He said to him: "If your faith is small, it will bring blessings to the gods."

The Duke said: "It's small and big." Prison, although it cannot be observed, must be based on emotion.

He said to him, "I am loyal and can fight."

Please follow the rules of war. "The duke took advantage of it and fought with the ladle.

The duke will drum it up. GUI said: "No way. "

The people of Qi played drums three times. GUI said: "That's all right. "

The Qi army was defeated. The general rushed him.

GUI said: "No way. Looking down at the path, he climbed up to Shi and looked at it, saying: "That's all right." "

Then he chased the Qi army. After defeating him, the Duke asked him the reason.

He said to him: "Fighting requires courage. You can gain momentum in one go, then it will weaken again, and it will be exhausted after three. He is exhausted and I am overflowing, so I overcome him.

A large country is unpredictable, and there are dangers to be feared. I saw their tracks as chaotic and their banners as loose, so I chased them away. "

5. Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi for accepting advice. "Warring States Policy" Zou Ji is more than eight feet tall and has a beautiful appearance. Looking into the mirror while wearing court clothes, he said to his wife: "Who is more beautiful than Mr. Xu in the north of the city? His wife said: "You are so beautiful, how can Mr. Xu be as good as Mr. Xu?" "Xu Gong in the north of the city is the most beautiful person in Qi State.

Ji was not confident, so he asked his concubine again: "Who is more beautiful between me and Xu Gong? The concubine said, "How can Mr. Xu be as good as you?" "One day, a guest came from outside and sat down to chat with me. He asked the guest: "Who is more beautiful, me or Mr. Xu? The guest said, "Mr. Xu is not as beautiful as the king!" "Tomorrow, Mr. Xu will come. Whoever looks at it thinks he is inferior; when he looks into the mirror, he thinks he is not as good as he is far away.

When I went to bed at night, I thought about it and said: "The beauty of my wife is private to me; the beauty of my concubine is my own. Those who are me are afraid of me; those who are fond of me are eager to seek from me. So he went to the court to see King Wei and said: "I sincerely know that I am not as beautiful as Mr. Xu. My wife is a private minister, my concubines are afraid of me, and my guests want to ask for anything from me. They all think that I am more beautiful than Mr. Xu."

Now Qi is thousands of miles away and has one hundred and twenty cities. On the left and right side of the palace, there is no one who is not interested in the king. All the ministers in the court are afraid of the king. Within the four borders, there is no one who is not asking for help from the king. From this point of view, the king's shielding is very great! The king said: "Good." ”

He then ordered: “Those ministers and officials who are able to criticize others’ faults will receive high rewards; those who write letters to admonish others will receive medium rewards; those who can defame others’ opinions in the city and court and listen to others’ ears will be rewarded.” Receive reward. "At the beginning of the order, all the ministers came to admonish, and the gates were like a city.

After a few months, they came from time to time. After several years, although they wanted to speak, no one could advance.

Yan, Zhao, Han, and Wei all came to Qi.

6. Zhuge Liang made a statement to his ministers before he started his business, but the middle road collapsed today. Yizhou is exhausted, and this is a time when the survival of the sincerity is at stake.

However, the guards are unremitting at home, and the loyal people forget about themselves outside: this is the special experience of chasing the late emperor, and I want to repay it to your majesty. Sincerely, it is appropriate to open Zhang Shengting to honor the legacy of the late emperor and to magnify the spirit of the lofty ideals; it is not appropriate to belittle oneself and use metaphors to block the path of loyalty and admonishment.

The palace and the palace are all integrated; Zang No, it is not appropriate to be different. If there are those who commit crimes and are loyal, they should be punished and rewarded by an official to show your Majesty's fairness. It is not appropriate to be selfish and make different laws inside and outside.

The ministers Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc. are all good and honest, with pure intentions. Therefore, the late emperor simply removed them and left them to Your Majesty. They thought that the matters in the palace were not big or small, so they consulted them carefully and then implemented them. It can help mend deficiencies and bring great benefits.

General Xiang Chong has a good nature and good military skills. He tried to use it in the past. A fool thinks that if he knows everything about the camp and consults it, he will be able to make the formation harmonious and the good and the bad will get their way.

Being close to virtuous ministers and staying away from villains is why the early Han Dynasty prospered; being close to villains is the reason why. Yuan Xianchen, the Han Dynasty has been in decline since then. When the late emperor was still here, he always sighed and hated Huan and Lingye. I am informed of the death of Zhenliang, and I hope that your majesty will trust you and become a member of the Han Dynasty.

3. What are the ancient texts that must be memorized for the Beijing High School Entrance Exam

Volume 1: 17 The Dance of the Candle Retreats the Qin Master 18 Gou Jian Destroys Wu 19 Zou Ji Satirizes the King of Qi and Accepts Remonstrance 20 Touching the Dragon and Talking about the Empress Dowager Zhao 21 Zilu·Zeng Xi · Ran You · Gong Xihua sits down 22 The widow is in the country 23 Encouraging learning 24 Qiu Shui (excerpt) Book 2: 17 On passing the Qin Dynasty 18 Hongmen Banquet 19 Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection 20 Returning and Coming to Xici 21 Master's Talk 22 Epang Palace Fu 23 Remonstrance to Taizong's Ten Thoughts on 24 Kinds of Trees The third volume of the Biography of Guo Laituo: 17 On the Six Kingdoms 18 A Journey to Baochan Mountain 19 Preface to the Biography of Lingguan 20 A History of Shizhong Mountain 21 A History of Xiangjixuan 22 A History of Tombstones of Five People 23 A History of Climbing Taishan Mountain 24 Bingmei The fourth volume of the library notes: 17 Chen Qing Biao 18 Sacrifice to Twelve Langs 19 Preface to the Poems of Yuxi 20 Chibi Fu 21 Xiaoyaoyou 22 Preface to Tengwang Pavilion 23 Biography of Liu Yi (excerpt) 24 Promotion of Weaving Volume 5: 14 The road to Shu is difficult 15 The general will drink wine 16 Troops and chariots 17 Five poems by Li Du (Emei Mountain Music Song, Asking the Flute in Luocheng on a Spring Night, The Guest Arrives, Traveling at Night to Book Love, and Climbing the Yueyang Tower) 18 Qi Huan and Jin Wen's Events 19 Zhuang Bao's Meeting with Mencius 20 Mencius's Meeting with King Xiang of Liang 21 Essays Two chapters (The people of Qi had a wife and a concubine, Yi Qiu) Book Six: 13 Report to Ren An, 14 Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, 15 Biography of Qu Yuan, 16 Lord Xinling stole the talisman to save Zhao. 4. Which classical Chinese articles must be memorized for the Beijing College Entrance Examination

1. "Encouragement to Learning" by Xunzi 2. "Zeng Xiran You Gong Xihua Attends Me" 3 Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi to accept the admonition "Warring States Policy" 4. "Xiaoyaoyou" (There are fishes in Beiming - how do you know the two insects) 5. "Departure of the Master" 6. "Chen Qingbiao" (Fu Wei Holy Dynasty - Can't Destroy Yuan) 7 "Cao GUI's Debate" 8. "Return" "Come and Come" (without preface) 9. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" (the ninth year of Yonghe - isn't it painful) 10. "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" (the old capital of Yuzhang - Shengdu Hengyang Pu) 11. "Shi Shuo" (sigh - it's so strange) 12. "Inscription on the Humble Room" 13. "Ode to Afang Palace" (sigh - it also makes future generations mourn for future generations) 14. "Yueyang Tower" 15. "The Drunkard's Pavilion" 16. "Qian Chibi Ode" (Autumn of Renxu - the legacy echoes in the sad wind) 17. "The Journey to Baochan Mountain" (Then I sighed - this is what I got).

5. 2010 Beijing College Entrance Examination Chinese Language Must Memorize Classical Prose

2010 College Entrance Examination Recitation and Dictation Articles (***38 articles in total, including 9 articles for junior high school ● and 3 articles for Beijing version)

(1) Ancient Prose (18 articles)

1. "Zeng Xiran You Gong Xihua sat down"

2. "Encouragement to Learn"

3. "Zhu Zhiwu retreated from the Qin army" (The candle came out at night - but returned)

4. "Xiaoyaoyou" (There are fish in Beiming - how do you know the two insects)

5. "Hongmen Banquet" (Yin Xiang Bo of Chu Zuo - Zhuang cannot attack)

7. "Chen Qing Biao" (Fu Wei Holy Dynasty - cannot be abandoned)

8. "Peach Blossom Spring" ●

9. "Come Back and Come Back" (without preface)

10. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" (ninth year of Yonghe - Isn't it painful? )

11. "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" (The old capital of Yuzhang - Shengduan Hengyang Pu)

12. "Shi Shuo" (sigh - it's strange) )

13. "Inscription on the Humble Room"●

14. "Ode to Afang Palace" (Sigh - it also makes future generations mourn for future generations)

15. "The Story of Yueyang Tower"●

16. "The Story of the Drunken Old Man's Pavilion"

17. "Ode to the Former Chibi" (Autumn of Renxu - The legacy echoes in the sad wind )

18. "A Journey to Baochan Mountain" (Therefore I sighed - this is what I gained)

(2) Poems and music (20 pieces)

1. "Meng"

2. "National Memorial" by Qu Yuan

3. "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields" (Part 1) Tao Yuanming

4. " "The Poppy" (When will the Spring Flowers and Autumn Moon begin) Li Yu

5. "Send Off Du Shaofu's Appointment to Shuzhou" ●Wang Bo

6. "Sleepwalking Tianmu's Song of Farewell" Li Bai< /p>

7. "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left and this message was sent to Longbiao far away"●

8. "Spring Night Joyful Rain"●

9. "Climbing High"

13. "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia"●

14. "Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest when the storm is calming"

15. "Slow Sound" (Xun (Xunmimi)

16. "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix" (red hands)

17. "Yongyu Le Jingkou Bei Guting Nostalgia"

18. "Bodhisattva Man" is written on the stoma wall of Jiangxi (Qingjiang River under Yugu Terrace) by Xin Qiji

19. "Dou E's Injustice" (Rolling Hydrangea Ball)

20. "Qinyuanchun Changsha" 》 6. Looking for all the ancient poems, classical Chinese, and works from Beijing on the first day of the new year

In the first volume, the envoy got on his bicycle and wanted to ask about it.

Zheng Peng left Hansai, returned to Yan and entered Hutian. The desert is solitary and the smoke is straight, and the sun is setting over the long river.

Whenever Xiao Guan rides, he always protects Yan Ran. [Notes] 1. Envoy to the fortress: Being ordered to send an envoy to the frontier fortress.

This is a five-character poem written by Wang Wei in 737 (the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan) when he was on his way to Liangzhou to supervise the censor and join the army. 2. Envoy: to go on an envoy.

3. Bicycle: A bicycle travels alone. Describe Qingqi Jiancong.

4. Ask about the border: Go to the border fortress to inspect, referring to condolences to the officers and soldiers guarding the border. 5. Subsidiary state: refers to those ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and retain their national title.

Both the Han and Tang dynasties had some vassal states. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official position called Dianshuguo. After Su Wu returned to the Han Dynasty, he was awarded the official position of Dianshuguo.

People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes used the term "vassal state" to refer to envoys sent to the border areas. 6. Juyan: Place name. It was called Juyanze in the Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in the Tang Dynasty. It is located in the northern part of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia today.

In the Western Han Dynasty, there was Juyan County in Zhangye County (see "Hanshu Geography"), and the old city was located in the southeast of today's Jina Banner. In addition, the Liangzhou Governor of the Eastern Han Dynasty had Zhangye in the Juyan state, and its jurisdiction was in the Juyanze area.

The common annotations for this sentence say that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's mission did not actually require passing through Juyan.

Therefore, "Selected Poems of Chinese Dynasties" compiled by Lin Geng and Feng Yuanjun believes that this sentence refers to the Tang Dynasty's "vast frontier fortress, and the subordinate countries extend beyond Juyan." 7. Zhengpeng: Peng fluttering in the wind Grass, here is the poet's self-description.

8. Returning geese: Because the season is summer and geese fly north, it is called "Guiyan entering Hutian". 9. Desert: Big desert, here probably refers to the desert north of Liangzhou.

Solitary Smoke: Zhao Diancheng’s note has two interpretations: One cloud is that when the ancient border guards burned wolf dung when calling the police, "the smoke was straight and gathered, and it did not disperse even if the wind blew." There are many whirlwinds outside the Great Wall, "smoke and sand are rising straight up".

According to later generations, field investigators in Gansu and Xinjiang confirmed that there were indeed cyclones like "lone smoke rising straight up". Also: Guyan may also be a safe fire used by border guards in the Tang Dynasty.

Here, at the beginning of every night, a torch is lit, which is called a safe fire."

10. Changhe: It is suspected to refer to the present-day Shiyang River, which flows through the desert north of Liangzhou. 11. Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass, its original location is in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia.

12. Waiting Cavalry: Cavalry responsible for reconnaissance and communications. Wang Wei's envoy to Hexi did not pass through Xiaoguan. This is probably the meaning of He Xun's poem "waiting to ride out of Xiaoguan and pursue the troops to Mayi", which is not a literal description.

13. Protector: official name. The Tang Dynasty established six major military governors' offices in the northwest, including Anxi and Anbei. Each government assigned one chief guardian and two deputy governors to be responsible for all affairs in the jurisdiction.

14. Yanran: The name of the ancient mountain is now Hangai Mountain in Mongolia. This refers to the front line.

"Book of the Later Han·Biography of Dou Xian": Xian led his army to defeat Shan Yu's army. "Then he climbed Yanran Mountain and marched for more than three thousand miles. He carved stones to show his merits and recorded the mighty virtue of the Han Dynasty, and ordered Ban Gu to write an inscription. "These two sentences mean that I met the waiting cavalry on the way and learned that the commander was still at the front after defeating the enemy.

[Appreciation of Works] In 737 (the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan), Wang Wei was ordered to go to Xihe Jiedushi Mansion to express condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. This is a chronicle poem. The poet went to the frontier fortress on a royal mission.

The poem describes what he saw and felt during this mission. The first two sentences explain the purpose of the trip and the place of arrival, why the poem was written, and the place where it was written. It also explains the remoteness and vastness of the frontier.

"Want to ask about the side" is the purpose of the mission. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the standards of etiquette are not high.

The poem reveals a hint of frustration in the chronicle and scene description, and this emotion is triggered by the word "bicycle". The last sentence says that he has experienced the special area of ??"Juyan", which becomes the basis for the scenery described in the poem.

Sentences three and four contain multiple connotations. From the word "Guiyan", we know that the time of this mission to the frontier is in spring.

When the thorngrass matures, its branches and leaves dry up, its roots leave the earth, and blow in the wind, so it is called "Zhengpeng". This sentence is the poet's use of fluffy grass to express his feelings of wandering.

When ancient poems mention fluffy grass, most of them lament their own life experience. For example, in Cao Zhi's "Miscellaneous Poems" (Part 2), it is said that "turning away from the roots, fluttering with the long wind" is a famous example.

The word "out of the Han Dynasty" in this poem exactly reflects the poet's trip; moreover, these three words have a strong flavor of a foreign country, which deepens the feeling of wandering. Leaving a country and leaving one's hometown always has complicated emotions, whether it's because it's difficult to leave home or to join the country, or because of a mission as written in this poem.

Probably the poet was already in a bad mood during this mission, and it was different from the majesty and style of Sima Xiangru of the Han Dynasty who first gained the favor of Emperor Wu when he went on a mission to the southwestern barbarians. The poet's frustration may be related to the political struggle in the court.

Prime Minister Zhang Jiuling, who always valued poets, was demoted to Jingzhou Governor in April this year. The poem adopts the writing method of pairwise comparison.

"Zhengpeng" refers to the poet, which is a direct ratio, while "Guiyan" refers to the poet, which is a contrast. In the spring scenery, the geese returning to their old nests to raise their young are in their right place; the poet is facing the desert wind and sand like fluffy grass drifting to the outside of the Great Wall, and the scene is completely different.

The fifth and sixth sentences describe the magnificent and majestic scenes in the border desert, with a vast realm and majestic atmosphere. This couplet consists of two pictures.

The first scene is the solitary smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, what unfolded before the poet's eyes was this scene: boundless yellow sand.

Looking up at the sky, there is no cloud shadow in the sky.

No vegetation is seen, and travel is cut off.

Looking far into the distance, he saw a wisp of smoke rising at the end of the sky. The poet's spirit was lifted, and he seemed to feel that the desert was a little alive. That is the beacon smoke, which tells the poet that the trip is about to reach its destination.

The beacon smoke is a typical scenery of the frontier fortress. The "straight smoke" highlights the atmosphere of the frontier fortress. From the perspective of picture composition.

Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and yellow sand becomes the center of the entire picture, which is the finishing touch. "Kunya": "The ancient fireworks were made of wolf smoke, which was straight and gathered together. Even if the wind blew it, it would not be tilted." "The words are good." This is again about the use of words.

Another scene is the sunset over the long river. This is a close-up.

The poet is probably standing on a hilltop, overlooking the winding river. It was evening, the setting sun hung low on the river, and the river water shone with sparkling waves.

What a wonderful moment this is! The poet only uses the word "circle" to accurately describe the characteristics of the sunset on the river. Due to such a perspective, it suddenly appears that the red sun appears in and out of the long river, which adds to the majestic momentum of the river swallowing up the sun and the moon, making the whole picture even more majestic and magnificent.