The global performance and influence of economic globalization! How should China play its important role?

Economic globalization refers to the global organic economy as a whole formed by foreign trade, capital flow, technology transfer, service provision, interdependence and interconnection. Economic globalization is one of the important characteristics of the contemporary world economy and an important trend of world economic development. The process of economic globalization has begun, especially since 1980s, especially since 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has been greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors in the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, the economic development of underdeveloped areas, the performance of human development and progress, and the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, which is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward technology, the risks and challenges will be more severe in the face of fierce global competition. At present, the urgent problem to be solved in economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition.

Economic globalization refers to the globalization of trade, investment, finance, production and other activities, that is, the best coordination of survival factors on a global scale. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of highly developed productive forces and international division of labor, which requires further crossing the boundaries between countries and nations.

Since entering the 2 1 century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational corporations have not only brought great impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economic and trade of various countries, resulting in many new features and new contradictions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and understand this problem.

First, the proposal and development of economic globalization

(A) the meaning of economic globalization Economic globalization appeared in the mid-1980s and was recognized in the 1990s, but there is no unified concept at present. In a report published in May 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out that "economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of transnational trade in goods and services and capital flows, and the extensive and rapid spread of technology has enhanced the interdependence of the economies of all countries in the world". The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes that "economic globalization can be regarded as a process, in which economy, market, technology and communication forms are becoming more and more globalized, while nationality and locality are decreasing".

Therefore, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and the increase of interdependence among countries in the world; Second, the domestic economic rules of various countries are constantly becoming consistent; Third, the international economic coordination mechanism has been strengthened, that is, various multilateral or regional organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and restricting the world economy.

Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to the process of realizing market division, cooperation and mutual integration among countries through division of labor, trade, investment, multinational companies and factor flow, based on market economy, with advanced technology and productivity as the means and developed countries as the leading factor.

(B) the carrier of economic globalization

1. Trade liberalization. With the accelerated development of global trade in goods, services and technology, economic globalization has promoted the formation of a multilateral trading system in the world, thus accelerating the growth of international trade, promoting the development of global trade liberalization, and enabling members joining the WTO to regulate their behavior with unified international norms.

2. Internationalization of production. As the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, productivity has greatly promoted the expansion of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution marked by the Internet has narrowed the time and space distance between countries, promoted the great changes in the world trade pattern and promoted the transnational flow of production factors. It not only puts forward the inherent requirements for production beyond national boundaries, but also prepares conditions for global production, which is the fundamental driving force of economic globalization.

3. Financial globalization, worldwide network of financial institutions, and a large number of financial businesses are carried out across borders, forming a system of transnational loans, transnational securities issuance and transnational mergers and acquisitions. The world's major financial markets are interconnected in time and linked in price, and trillions of dollars can be traded in a few seconds, especially the foreign exchange market has become the most liquid all-weather market in the world.

4. Globalization of science and technology. It refers to the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources in various countries on a global scale, which is the latest expansion and rapid progress of economic globalization. It is manifested in the large-scale cross-border transfer of advanced technology and R&D capabilities, as well as the extensive cross-border joint R&D. With the information technology industry as a typical representative, the technical standards of various countries are becoming more and more consistent. By monopolizing the use of technical standards, multinational giants have controlled the development of the industry and gained a lot of excess profits.

The four main carriers of economic globalization are closely related to transnational corporations, or transnational corporations are the promoters and undertakers of economic globalization and its carriers.

The word "economic globalization" is said to have been first put forward by Kurt Levy in 1985, but there is no accepted definition so far.

Some people think that economic globalization is a historical process from the perspective of the development of productivity movement. On the one hand, in the world, the economies of countries and regions are intertwined, influenced and integrated into a unified whole, that is, a "global unified market" has been formed; On the other hand, global rules for regulating economic behavior have been established worldwide, and on this basis, a global mechanism for economic operation has been established. In this process, the market economy dominates the whole country, and the factors of production flow freely around the world and optimize their allocation. Therefore, economic globalization refers to the historical process in which factors of production cross national boundaries, flow freely around the world, and countries and regions are integrated.

From the perspective of production relations, some people think that "economic globalization" is actually a historical process in which developed countries and multinational companies represented by the United States use scientific and technological progress to control the world economy in the name of liberalization, making developed countries richer and developing countries poorer.

Since the 1990s, the rapid development of high-tech with the information technology revolution as the core has not only broken through national boundaries, but also narrowed the distance between countries and regions, making the world economy more and more integrated. But economic globalization is a "double-edged sword". It has promoted the great development of global productivity, accelerated the growth of the world economy, and provided a rare historical opportunity for a few developing countries to catch up with developed countries. At the same time, it has intensified international competition, increased international speculation and increased international risks, which has seriously impacted the national sovereignty and national industries of developing countries. What's more, in economic globalization, developed countries and multinational companies benefit the most because of their different strengths, while developing countries get little. Therefore, the gap between developing countries and developed countries will further widen, and some least developed countries will be excluded from economic globalization and become increasingly marginalized, and even become "new technology colonies" of developed countries and multinational companies.

At present, economic globalization has shown great vitality, which has caused great impact on all aspects of the world, including economy, politics, military affairs, society, culture and even ways of thinking. This is a profound revolution that no country can avoid. The only way is how to adapt, actively participate in economic globalization and accept the test in the historical tide.