Why are many people busy all their lives, but still live at the bottom of society?

Social stratum is an eternal phenomenon. Where there are crowds, there are upper, middle and lower classes, and wealth is an important symbol of stratum.

Why do many people work hard all their lives and still stay at the bottom of society?

It may be a little sad to say the conclusion first-

Because their parents are at the bottom of society.

Social background analysis

From the perspective of social mobility, there are two kinds of societies: closed society and open society. (Actually, it's just different degrees. )

From slave society to feudal society and western pre-capitalist society, it is a typical closed society. People's social status is determined by family and origin. A prince can breed creatures, a dragon can give birth to a dragon, a phoenix can give birth to a phoenix, and a mouse's son can dig a hole in the ground.

The revolutions of past dynasties in China were essentially the overthrow of another class by one class, but after the overthrow, it did not bring new equality, but only changed people's rule.

For example, since the founding of New China, the unequal status of workers and peasants, urban and rural areas began to stand out, and then there was a cadre class and corresponding privileges.

Before the reform and opening up, there was no so-called private capital (cut off by the tail of capitalism), only power was valuable, but officials at that time had power resources, but they lacked economic resources. (Yes, but no money)

At the beginning of reform and opening up, the "dual track system" of price provided opportunities for the realization of power, and the difference between market price and planned price provided some people with space for seeking personal interests.

Obviously, these people are not construction workers, factory workers and cleaners, but certain classes and their families.

Later market-oriented reforms transferred state-owned enterprises and state-owned resources to private hands. Obviously, those who benefit from these benefits are those who are closely related to those in power, the children and relatives of leaders. Even officials who went to sea later, despite their relatively strong personal abilities, still made use of their personal connections accumulated during their government work and their grasp of policies to achieve wealth, including Wang Shi and Liu Chuanzhi, all of whom are inextricably linked with this system.

Of course, there are still businessmen who abide by the law and strive to get rich, but the number of these people is small, and the process of getting rich is undoubtedly more difficult. Thirdly, they don't have a deep background, and their careers will soon encounter bottlenecks. If they want to break through the bottleneck, they will inevitably need rent-seeking, alliance or interest transfer in the later stage. (This is also what many entrepreneurs call "original sin")

At the beginning, the three social resources (power resources, economic resources and cultural resources) were not unified. Cadres have the right, but relatively few economic and cultural resources; Intellectuals have rich cultural resources, status, reputation and prestige, but they have no money and no power; The boss has money, but he has no right to have no education.

Up to now, the salary of officials is not high, but everyone has a house, a car and spare money. Even if they have nothing to do, they can find a doctor to study (or a secretary, of course). Check the government website if you don't believe me. Professor Hu's income is also considerable, and independent directors, project funds and making money are very busy; As for the boss, you can still study for an EMBA, master's degree or doctor's degree, and be a cultural person. For colleges and universities, it is welcome, just like a prostitute meets a John and laughs.

Flowers are like flowers (alas, the word has been defiled)

More than 30 years later, the pattern of "winner takes all" actually took shape at the beginning of this century.

Compare white-collar workers in big cities with "black collars" in cities and counties across the country. The former relies on knowledge and technology to earn income outside the system, which is hard and slow. The latter mostly relies on power and relationships to earn income within the system, which is easy, fast and more.

The so-called white-collar workers were completely defeated in this competition.

For example, Zhihu's Big V, in fact, many of them are professional and technical personnel in a certain field outside the system, and they can't compare with these "black collars" at all, even though Big V is highly educated, knowledgeable and has many fans.

Of course, this kind of "black collar" is one of the few "prodigies" ―― hard enough, hard enough, greasy enough and shameless enough.

Most people in rural areas or county towns wander between urban and rural areas, and the land is gone. Even if they did, they wouldn't or wouldn't farm. They go to work in cities but can't take root, become the bottom, stay in the survival stage of food and clothing, and even the demand for marriage and love may become a luxury.

By the way, don't always drink chicken soup. Drinking too much will only make you stupid. Oh, no, just stupid.

Anyway, in this way, there are various second generations in our society: the official second generation, the rich second generation, the poor second generation, and the agricultural Dell.

Rich second generation, rich, typical of many people's husbands, Wang Sicong. People bring their own aura and resources, and some answers are analyzed. The analysis is particularly good, so I won't go into details.

The second generation of officials, public officials in the system have low-level and high-level,

The high-level ones are indescribable, while the low-level ones are "empty pay", "radish recruitment" and "greeting home".

As for "agriculture" and "poor second generation", it is natural that economic resources and power resources are extremely scarce.

To emphasize, I'm not cynical, I'm just stating the facts. Labeling yourself and others is not recommended)

In fact, it is good to have the second generation of rich second generation officials.

The influence of intergenerational inheritance

Why do I say "you are poor because your parents are poor" lies in the influence of intergenerational transmission.

The closest factor to wealth is occupation, and the factor that affects occupation is employment. There are many factors that affect employment, among which education and family are the key.

On 201September 16, the people's daily published a long newsletter "the bottom class faces difficulties in upward mobility", asking a question: will the poor become poor and the rich become rich?

First, reading: knowledge does not necessarily change fate.

Since ancient times, "everything is inferior and learning is high" and "learning is excellent and being an official" has always been an important way for the bottom people to realize upward mobility and change their own destiny and class. Shortly after the resumption of the college entrance examination, a large number of poor students did go to college through the college entrance examination, were assigned to state units, and finally "jumped into the Longmen", realizing the counterattack of the class.

However, in the current university education and job market, if you are a rural child, it doesn't matter if you have no background, and you will have a good way to go to college.

In recent years, the bottom of society, especially the children of farmers and migrant workers' families, have less and less motivation to achieve upward mobility through education, and the cost is getting higher and higher. Generally speaking, channels

The trend of shrinking. More and more children at the bottom can't go to college or it is difficult to get into a prestigious school.

The reason is simple: education needs to invest a lot of money to produce results. At present, the top students in the city have good family education and their parents are willing to spend money. When they were young, they were sent to various training courses to learn all kinds of specialties, and even asked famous teachers to help them. Children from poor families can bear hardships if they want to get good grades.

It's not enough, because they are already one level lower at the starting line.

The research report "Social Mobility in Contemporary China" shows that at present, the professional inheritance of the children of the leading class in our society has been significantly enhanced. Among the national key universities, the children of powerful social classes with strong cultural capital, economic capital and social capital occupy a large share, and the educational resources and quality are relatively weak.

Local colleges and universities have gathered the largest number of rural students and the largest number of poor college students.

In particular, the college entrance examination policies such as "walking, extra points, and independent college entrance examination" have superimposed the advantages of advantageous families. Take a key high school as an example. Every year, more than a dozen students study in Tsinghua and Peking University. Families of the whole class are better than each other, from politics to business, and the most common one comes from the families of senior intellectuals. Only one or two families come from farmers and working-class people.

Second, work: it is difficult to realize the dream of changing your destiny.

There is only one way for rural children not to go to school: to go out to work.

Many people who don't go to college always like to take a case as an example: all the people who look after their families as big bosses don't go to school.

Yes, but people who don't go to school may become bosses. Nine times out of ten, if you don't go to school or go out, you will work. You are tired and don't have much money, let alone development opportunities.

My major is human resource management, but it happens that my major is career development and planning and human resource development. However, for people who have never been to school and go out to work, I think it is too illusory and useless to talk about career planning.

Especially if you get married and have children carelessly, it is difficult for any plan to be effective under the burden and pressure of life.

Of course, I'm not saying that there must be a way out if you go to college, and there must be no way out if you don't go to college. It's just that for most ordinary people with ordinary talents, the chances of not being admitted to college are even slim.

Third, employment: spelling ability should also spell "background"

A person's employment greatly affects a person's career and development, and then determines a person's wealth and class.

When family background becomes the rising "invisible threshold" in the process of employment, it is difficult for children of ordinary families to enter the social upward channel because their parents have no money and power, while children of wealthy families with strong social resources can easily get decent jobs, higher income and broader development space.

Civil servants may be better, and the phenomenon of "internal recruitment", "relationship recruitment" and even "radish recruitment" in public institutions and some monopoly state-owned enterprises is more prominent and serious.

If you are still in college, please study hard, improve your professional knowledge and skills, and prepare for career planning and job hunting. The most important thing is to learn to think effectively, go out bravely, keep exploring, trying, changing and persisting.

You can't make a long-term career plan, but if you go down step by step and keep accumulating and improving, you still have a chance.