What are the top ten economically developed cities in China?

Shanghai is called Shanghai or Shen for short. The Municipal People's Government is located at No.200 Renmin Avenue, Huangpu District, with the postal code of 200003. Shanghai is located at 3 1 14' north latitude and 12 1 29' east longitude. Located in the front of the Yangtze River Delta, it is adjacent to the East China Sea, Hangzhou Bay in the south, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the west and the Yangtze River estuary in the north. The average altitude is about 4 meters. The city covers an area of 6340.5 square kilometers, accounting for 0.06% of the total area of the country. It is about120km long from north to south and about100km wide from east to west. The regional area is 5299.29 square kilometers, and the county area is 104 1.2 1 square kilometers. It governs three islands, namely Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island, of which Chongming Island covers an area of 104 1.2 1 km2, making it the third largest island in China.

At the end of 2004, the registered population of the city was13,523,900. There are 39 ethnic minorities and scattered unidentified ethnic groups in Shanghai, with about 53,000 people, accounting for 0.4% of the city's population. The largest population is Hui, followed by Manchu, and the least is Wa, Lahu, Maonan, Pumi and Jing.

Shanghai has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, shorter spring and autumn, longer winter and summer, abundant sunshine and rainfall. In 2004, the average annual temperature 18. 1℃, sunshine 1929.6 hours and rainfall 1 158. 1 mm in Shanghai.

Municipal administrative divisions

In 2005, Shanghai administered 18 municipal districts and 1 county. By September 30, 2004, Shanghai had 18 municipal districts, 1 counties, 103 streets,1/4 towns and 3 townships.

List of administrative divisions above the county level in Shanghai

Jing 'an District, Changning District, Xuhui District, Luwan District, Huangpu District, Urban District

Baoshan District, Yangpu District, Hongkou District, Zhabei District and Putuo District

Minhang District (Xinzhuang Town) Jiading District Pudong New Area Songjiang District Jinshan District

Qingpu District (xia yang Street) Nanhui District (huinan town) Fengxian District (nanqiao town)

Chongming County (Chengqiao Town)

* Put Changxing Township and Hengsha Township in Baoshan District under the jurisdiction of Chongming County (the State Council Reply Letter [2005] No.40 of May 18, 2005).

Huangpu District covers an area of 12 square kilometer with a population of 620,000. Postal code 20000 1. No.300 Yan 'an East Road, District People's Government.

Luwan District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 330,000. Postal code 200020. District People's Government is located at Chongqing South Road 139.

Xuhui District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 890,000. Postal code 200030. District People's Government is located at No.336 Caoxi North Road.

Changning District covers an area of 38 square kilometers and has a population of 620,000. Postal code 200050. The District People's Government is located at Yuyuan Road 1320.

Jing 'an District covers an area of 8 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 200040. District People's Government is located at No.370 Changde Road.

Putuo District covers an area of 55 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. Postal code 200333. The District People's Government is located at No.668/KLOC-0, Dadu Road.

Zhabei District covers an area of 29 square kilometers with a population of 7 1 10,000. Postal code 200070. 480 Datong Road, District People's Government.

Hongkou District covers an area of 23 square kilometers and has a population of 790,000. Postal code 200080. No.518, Hong Fei Road, District People's Government.

Yangpu District covers an area of 6 1 km2 and a population of 1.08 million. Postal code 200082. No.549 Jiangpu Road, District People's Government.

Minhang District covers an area of 372 square kilometers and has a population of 750,000. The postal code is 20 1 100. District People's Government is located at No.6258, Humin Road, xin zhuang zhen.

Baoshan District covers an area of 4 15 square kilometers and has a population of 850,000. The postal code is 20 1900. No.5 Mishan Road, District People's Government.

Jiading District covers an area of 459 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. Postal code 20 1800. The District People's Government is located at Bole South Road11.

Pudong New Area covers an area of 523 square kilometers with a population of 6.5438+0.77 million. The postal code is 200 135. District People's Government in century avenue No.2001.

Jinshan District covers an area of 586 square kilometers and has a population of 530,000. Postal code 20 1540. No.2000, Jinshan Avenue, District People's Government.

Songjiang District covers an area of 605 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1600. Yuan Zhong Road 1 District People's Government.

Qingpu District covers an area of 676 square kilometers and has a population of 460,000. The postal code is 20 1700. Park Road 100, District People's Government.

Nanhui District covers an area of 688 square kilometers and has a population of 700,000. The postal code is 20 1300. District People's Government is located at No.3252 Renmin East Road, huinan town.

Fengxian District covers an area of 687 square kilometers with a population of 5 1 10,000. The postal code is 20 1400. Nanqiao town jiefang zhonglu district people's government.

Chongming County covers an area of 104 1 km2 and has a population of 640,000. The postal code is 202 150. County People's Government is located at No.68 Renmin Road, Chengqiao Town.

* The geographical names of the branches here are as of June 5, 2005 to February 5, 2005; Area and population data According to the Administrative Division of the People's Republic of China (2005), the population was as of the end of 2003. *

Split evolution

In today's Shanghai, Huating County was located on the south bank of Wusong River in 75 1 year (the tenth year of Tang Tianbao). 1277 (14th year of Yuan Dynasty), Huating County was promoted to Huating House, and the next year it was changed to Songjiang House. By the Qing Dynasty, Songjiang Prefecture had jurisdiction over 7 counties including Huating, Loulou, Shanghai, Qingpu, Jinshan, Fengxian, Nanhui and Chuansha Fumintang. 12 18 1.7 (the 9th day of December, the 10th year of Jiading in Southern Song Dynasty) established Jiading County in the north of Wusong River, and later divided into Baoshan County. The sandbar in the Yangtze River estuary was located in Chongming Town around 907 (the beginning of the Five Dynasties), and was upgraded to Chongming State in 1277, and changed to Chongming County in 1369 (the second year of Ming Hongwu). Shanghai was originally a fishing village in the lower reaches of Wusong River, and gradually became a prosperous port in the Tang and Song Dynasties. During the reign of Xianchun in the Southern Song Dynasty (1265 ~ 1274), Shanghai Town was built, which was named after Shanghai Pu, located west of Huangpu River. 129 1 year (the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty), 1292 formally established Shanghai County, which governs five townships, namely Gaochang, Changren, Beiting, Yuhai and Xinjiang, and is located in the northeast of Huating County and on the east and west sides of Huangpu River.

1927 was set as Shanghai Special City, and 1930 was renamed as Shanghai in May.

1May 27, 949, Shanghai was liberated. The whole city is divided into 20 urban districts such as Huangpu, Laozha, Xincheng, Jing 'an, Jiangning, Putuo, Miao Yi and Penglai, and 10 suburbs such as Xinshi, Jiangwan, Wusong and Dachang. In 1950s, the administrative divisions of Shanghai were adjusted many times. By May, 1964, Shanghai has jurisdiction over Huangpu, Heather, Luwan, Xuhui, Changning, Jing 'an, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou and Yangpu, and Shanghai has jurisdiction over Jiading, Baoshan, Chuansha, Fengxian, Nanhui, Songjiang and Yangpu.

1980, Wusong District was established. 1982, Minhang district was restored. 1988, Baoshan county and Wusong district were abolished and Baoshan district was established. 1992, Shanghai County and the original Minhang District were abolished and Minhang District was established. 1September, 1992, Pudong New Area was established, including the whole territory of Chuansha County, Linsan Town of Shanghai County and parts of Pudong in Huangpu, Heather and Yangpu District. 1992 10 Jiading county was divided into districts and Jiading district was established. 1996, Shanghai has jurisdiction over Huangpu, Photinia, Luwan, Xuhui, Changning, Jing 'an, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou, Yangpu, Baoshan, Minhang, Jiading and Pudong New Area, Nanhui, Fengxian, Songjiang, Jinshan, Qingpu, Chongming and petrochemical areas.

1April, 1997, Jinshan County was abolished and Jinshan District was established. 1February, 998, Songjiang County was abolished and Songjiang District was established. 1September, 1999, Qingpu County was abolished and Qingpu District was established. In June 2000, with the approval of the State Council, Huangpu District and Heather District split into two and merged into one, and a new Huangpu District was established.

In 2000, according to the data of the fifth national census, the total population of Shanghai was16407734; Among them, municipal districts 14348535 people, cities and counties199 people. Population of districts and counties: Huangpu District 188743, Heather District 385790, Luwan District 3289 18, Xuhui District 1064645, Changning District 702239, Jing 'an District 305329, Putuo District105655. Yangpu district 1243757, Minhang district 12 17309, Baoshan district 1227978, Jiading district 753070, Pudong new area 2402343, Jinshan district 580377 and Songjiang district 64/.

200 1 1 9. Nanhui county was abolished and Nanhui district was established; Cancel Fengxian County and set up Fengxian District.

By the end of 2003, Shanghai had jurisdiction over Huangpu, Luwan, Xuhui, Changning, Jing 'an, Putuo, Zhabei, Hongkou, Yangpu, Baoshan, Minhang, Jiading, Pudong New Area, Nanhui, Fengxian, Songjiang, Jinshan, Qingpu and Chongming counties.

culture

■ Dialect

Shanghai dialect is a unique dialect in Shanghai, which belongs to a small piece of Wu dialect in Taihu Lake. Suhujia is a kind of southern dialect. Some people call Shanghai dialect Shanghai dialect. Pronunciation was greatly influenced by Suzhou and Ningbo, which dominated the early immigrants. Pronunciation is similar to Ningbo dialect and Suzhou dialect.

There are some differences in pronunciation and grammar between Shanghai suburban dialect and Shanghai dialect, which can be divided into Songjiang dialect, Chongming dialect and Pudong dialect by region.

The period of 1930 was the golden age of Shanghai dialect. Similar to Hong Kong, writers in Shanghai freely translated or transliterated many English neologisms, which were used in written texts, spread through various developed print media in Shanghai at that time, and then absorbed by Mandarin. Since the late 1980s, all schools in Shanghai have taught in Putonghua. Many schools treat dialect speaking differently. In addition, the government canceled the Shanghai content in many radio and TV programs. The word-making ability of Shanghai dialect has also begun to decline seriously. Now Shanghai is still a Wu-speaking city, and Mandarin is also very common. With the increasing number of immigrants from all over China, the proportion of people who can speak Shanghainese began to decrease. Nowadays, it is difficult to recruit young Shanghai opera actors with qualified pronunciation. Since the 20th century, there has been a wave of "defending Shanghai dialect" in Shanghai. Shanghai dialect has been taught in some places in Britain [2]

■ Shanghai culture

Shanghai culture is called "Shanghai culture". It was gradually formed on the basis of the traditional culture of southern China (Wu culture) and the fusion of European and American cultures that had a far-reaching impact on Shanghai after the opening of the port. It is both ancient and modern, traditional and fashionable, different from China culture, and has an open and self-contained unique style.

Since the reform and opening up, Shanghai has held many large-scale cultural activities and built many national first-class cultural facilities, including Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Library and Shanghai Cinema. The European-style Shanghai Concert Hall was relocated due to the needs of municipal construction, but it has been reopened after internal reconstruction, mainly holding symphony concerts. Shanghai also hosts international art festivals, international film festivals and other cultural activities every year.