Perspective of employment mentality of foreign college students: various countries have made brilliant measures in promoting employment.

With the financial crisis gradually spreading to the real economy, the economy is sluggish, job opportunities are sharply reduced, and the unemployment rate in Europe and America is soaring. The emergence of layoffs has made a large number of employees who used to have jobs unemployed, and college graduates who lack work experience are even more tested.

The employment of college students has been highly concerned by governments all over the world, especially during the economic downturn. At the beginning of the new year, the State Council introduced seven measures to help college students find jobs. This issue focuses on how governments, universities, enterprises and other social groups around the world can take a multi-pronged approach to create favorable conditions for college graduates' employment.

Text of this edition: Wang Xiyi

Employment mentality of foreign college students

France: interests first

What do college graduates value most when looking for their first job? In the answers of French college students, the factor of "wage income" ranks relatively low, but what they value most is whether the work meets their interests.

The top five factors that French college students value most are: work interests them, good working environment and atmosphere, company development prospects, work autonomy, and the balance between personal life and work. When college students consider employment, their salary income ranks sixth.

Russia: I don't mind changing careers.

Russia is a country with high popularization of higher education, and the enrollment rate of high school graduates is high. Entering the university gate is only regarded as the beginning of adult life.

In Russia, there are many college graduates whose jobs are far from their majors. After graduation, they often re-study and retrain related majors according to actual work needs.

Sweden: Not seeking high salary.

Facing the "buyer's market" of the labor force, Swedish university graduates have to adjust their employment expectations, and their attitude towards job hunting has changed from passive to active. In the past, some enterprises came to the door to seek talents, and college graduates were equivalent.

Now that the situation has changed, a recruitment position will often attract two or three hundred people to apply, and the competition is extremely fierce. Swedish university graduates no longer demand too high a salary.

India: willing to be humble.

Only 65,438+00% of college graduates can find ideal jobs, and most of them have to adjust their psychological expectations because of the pressure of life, except for some who decide to take the postgraduate entrance examination.

Some students even give up their professional knowledge to do some jobs that don't need high education at all, which makes more and more college salesmen and college drivers appear in society.

Brazil: Employment before choosing a job

The number of college graduates in Brazil is growing rapidly. College students generally believe that they can only find a job before choosing a job after graduation. No matter whether you are satisfied with your job or not, you should work first, gradually accumulate work experience, and find your favorite job while working.

Although small enterprises and service industries have low incomes and great job mobility, under the current employment situation, the number of applicants has only increased.

The government's extraordinary measures to help employment

Britain implements "National Internship Program"

This newspaper comprehensively reported that due to the economic recession, college students who graduated in Britain this summer faced great employment pressure. British government officials revealed on June 65438+ 10/0 that the government plans to implement the "National Internship Program" to help students who can't find jobs to practice in enterprises or other institutions for three months, to cultivate their vocational skills and help them finally achieve employment. This will also help China students who graduated from Britain to stay in local employment.

It is understood that this program helps college students to work in enterprises for three months after graduation, hoping to improve their skills and experience through these three-month paid internships, and graduates will have the opportunity to get full-time jobs after the internship. Although the graduates participating in the internship program can't get the full salary from the internship institution, the salary is slightly higher than the sum of the grants and student loans given by the government. At present, four well-known enterprises including Barclays Bank and Microsoft have decided to join the national internship program, and some public departments, charities and volunteer organizations have also received invitations to participate.

It is reported that the unemployment rate in Britain has been on the rise in recent years, and relevant statistics show that the number of unemployed people in Britain is close to 2 million at this stage. Due to the economic downturn, many large companies have reduced the demand for fresh graduates, or only focused on Oxford and Cambridge. Compared with the past, it will be more difficult for graduates to find jobs in 2009. Experts advise graduates to consider lowering their employment expectations.

Germany gives priority to its graduates.

This newspaper comprehensively reports that the German government has taken protective measures in the domestic job market to ease the employment pressure of domestic college graduates.

It is very difficult for foreign students studying in German universities to find jobs in Germany after graduation. Because Germany has set a high threshold for foreign labor in order to ensure the employment of its own nationals. After graduation, many international students find that it is not difficult to find a suitable job in Germany, but it is very difficult to get a work permit from the German Labor Bureau. Because in principle, the German Labor Bureau only allows foreigners to fill vacancies that Germans are incompetent or unable to fill.

In addition, German statistical departments, labor departments and economic enterprise associations often publish employment guidance information, which has a macro-guiding role for college graduates to choose jobs. The German government encourages more young people to receive higher education and study the natural sciences needed by the real economy.

The United States and France reward enterprises and subsidize students.

This newspaper comprehensively reports that the federal government of the United States has taken many incentive measures to encourage college graduates to go to specific fields or engage in specific occupations, the most common of which is to exempt student loans.

There are two kinds of American government loans: FFEL/ direct loans and federal Perkins loans. As far as FFEL/ direct loan is concerned, college students who have served as full-time teachers for low-income students in designated primary or secondary schools for five consecutive years can enjoy the loan-free policy, except for the borrower's complete and permanent disability or death.

The French government has also taken some preferential measures to encourage enterprises to hire fresh college graduates. For enterprises that employ fresh unemployed college graduates, the government will exempt them from social welfare contributions and some taxes within a certain period of time, and give certain subsidies as appropriate according to the number of college graduates employed.

Japan urges disclosure of employment information.

Japan's economy has entered a recession, which makes the graduating college students face the problem of finding jobs. At the end of 2008, Japan's Nikkei Weekly conducted a survey of large domestic enterprises, showing that the number of jobs provided by enterprises decreased by 1.4% compared with last year, the first decline in five years. Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso called on the business sector to maintain employment stability.

According to reports, under the impact of the financial crisis, Japan's economy continued to slump, leading to a decline in profits of large and medium-sized enterprises. Coupled with the uncertain economic prospects, these "big households" will reduce their recruitment scale. Small businesses can be imagined.

Therefore, at the end of last year, Japanese Prime Minister Taro Aso called on Qi Xin, the president of Japan Federation of Economic Organizations, and the director of Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry, to work together to ensure stable employment and raise employees' wages. Aso also hopes that enterprises will strengthen self-discipline and avoid canceling the employment of graduates who have signed agreements as much as possible.

In promoting the employment of college graduates, the main approach taken by the Japanese government is to promote the openness of employment information in the whole society in order to solve the information asymmetry between employers and job seekers. Japan has established a "work information website" under the leadership of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. This website focuses on the recruitment information of non-governmental employment agencies and job seekers, so that enterprises and job seekers can easily understand the information they need. The opening of this website has played a positive role in promoting the employment of college graduates and the re-employment of unemployed people.

Brazil establishes network to promote youth employment

This newspaper comprehensively reports that Brazilian President Lula, who is a worker, has always regarded expanding employment and solving poverty as the top priority in the government's social development plan, and regarded employment as one of the basic rights of citizens. In the "Preliminary Employment Plan" recently launched by Brazil, the focus is on supporting the vulnerable groups in the job market, especially increasing and improving the employment of young people. According to statistics, the current unemployment rate of urban residents in Brazil is about 7.6%, and the job market is still shrinking. The "Preliminary Employment Plan" launched by Lula government aims to give full play to the role of all social strata and establish a nationwide youth employment promotion network.

The Brazilian government does not give special priority to the employment of college graduates. No matter whether they graduate from public or private universities, graduates, like other young people, must abide by the laws of the labor market and solve their own employment problems. The government encourages enterprises to hire more young people, and enterprises can get government subsidies. Enterprises enjoying government subsidies must ensure that young people will not be dismissed within 12 months. The government also provides low-interest loans, business guidance and training to self-employed young people.

The school attaches great importance to the cultivation of senior three students.

Britain provides information to solve problems

This newspaper comprehensively reports that the task of career guidance for British college students is generally undertaken by schools. British colleges and universities generally have a "graduate employment guidance service department", which is not only the main "database" of students' employment information, but also shoulders the task of psychological counseling to solve problems and prescribe the right medicine for them.

The data storage in the service department is very rich, not only for the needs of employers, but also for various scholarships and education funds. The staff of the service department keep close contact with their employers all the year round. Most of the teachers who do employment counseling in British universities have doctorates in psychology and other majors, so the counseling for graduates includes more important connotations besides choosing jobs, such as personality analysis, career design, and reserved graduates talking all day.

France prepares in advance and attaches importance to practice.

This newspaper comprehensively reported that French college students began to prepare for future employment almost from the moment they entered the university gate. French schools have established close ties with government agencies and enterprises, and arranged internship opportunities for college students as much as possible.

Most universities in France have special employment guidance departments. The school will arrange student internship units according to the opinions of relevant experts and teachers, and send people to the internship units to understand the evaluation and requirements of enterprises for interns, so as to promote the educational reform of the school and make the employment guidance more effective. For graduating seniors, most colleges and universities arrange internships for six months, and some even last for more than nine months. In addition to the school's employment guidance department, there are more than 500 employment information and guidance centers in France.

Germany uses social resources to stand on its own feet.

Heickell Helfer, spokesman of the German Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, introduced the employment situation of German university graduates, saying that the employment of German university graduates mainly depends on their own strength, with little direct government intervention. College graduates can use existing social resources, such as the university's career guidance center, the Internet and newspapers to find employment information. German companies will also use job fairs, newspapers, professional magazines, websites and other platforms to recruit college graduates. For those high-tech enterprises that need high-quality professionals, enterprises usually choose to establish contact with relevant universities and select suitable talents through the recommendation of teachers.

There are many websites in Germany that provide services to help students choose their major before entering universities. These websites list in detail the employment situation of different majors in recent years. By browsing these websites, German students can better combine their major choices with social needs before entering universities.

Russian enterprises enter the campus to select outstanding talents

This newspaper comprehensively reports that the most popular practice in Russia at present is to establish a cooperative relationship between enterprises and universities, directly select talents from universities, let senior students go to the company for internship, and then students and companies choose in both directions.

There are three ways for large Russian companies to select talents: one is to directly select candidates from the school talent pool and then make an appointment for an interview; The second is to provide internship opportunities for senior students, and the internship period is usually several months to one year; The third is to adopt the method of "selecting the best among the best" and focus on cultivating talents who select programs through some competitions.

More college graduates look for jobs through the school's career guidance center, job advertisements and acquaintances. The Russian government's Employment Promotion Bureau for College Students mainly provides assistance to college graduates who are registered as unemployed. For most college students, it is not easy to find an interesting and profitable job. Russian employment guidance experts warn college students who are looking for a job, first of all, to understand "why do you want to work", and if the economy is not very tight, find a promising job instead of just focusing on high wages.

School-enterprise cooperation to cultivate talents

Canadian enterprise school cooperation

This newspaper comprehensively reports that "cooperative education course" is a cooperative education model between enterprises and schools generally implemented by Canadian universities. The University of Waterloo in Canada was first introduced from the United States in 1957. At present, more than 65,438+000 universities in Canada offer cooperative education courses, with about 70,000 students participating each year.

For students who take part in cooperative education courses, going to enterprises is not only a paid internship, but also an important course. Only by passing the examination of enterprises and schools can you get credits. At the end of each "cooperative education course", the school should organize special teachers to evaluate the students, including the work attitude, team spirit and business ability of the enterprise, as well as the quality of the reports written by the students after work.

Most universities in France have special employment guidance departments. The school will arrange student internship units according to the opinions of relevant experts and teachers, and send people to the internship units to understand the evaluation and requirements of enterprises for interns, so as to promote the educational reform of the school and make the employment guidance more effective. For graduating seniors, most colleges and universities arrange internships for six months, and some even last for more than nine months. In addition to the school's employment guidance department, there are more than 500 employment information and guidance centers in France.

Germany uses social resources to stand on its own feet.

Heickell Helfer, spokesman of the German Federal Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, introduced the employment situation of German university graduates, saying that the employment of German university graduates mainly depends on their own strength, with little direct government intervention. College graduates can use existing social resources, such as the university's career guidance center, the Internet and newspapers to find employment information. German companies will also use job fairs, newspapers, professional magazines, websites and other platforms to recruit college graduates. For those high-tech enterprises that need high-quality professionals, enterprises usually choose to establish contact with relevant universities and select suitable talents through the recommendation of teachers.

There are many websites in Germany that provide services to help students choose their major before entering universities. These websites list in detail the employment situation of different majors in recent years. By browsing these websites, German students can better combine their major choices with social needs before entering universities.

Russian enterprises enter the campus to select outstanding talents

This newspaper comprehensively reports that the most popular practice in Russia at present is to establish a cooperative relationship between enterprises and universities, directly select talents from universities, let senior students go to the company for internship, and then students and companies choose in both directions.

There are three ways for large Russian companies to select talents: one is to directly select candidates from the school talent pool and then make an appointment for an interview; The second is to provide internship opportunities for senior students, and the internship period is usually several months to one year; The third is to adopt the method of "selecting the best among the best" and focus on cultivating talents who select programs through some competitions.

More college graduates look for jobs through the school's career guidance center, job advertisements and acquaintances. The Russian government's Employment Promotion Bureau for College Students mainly provides assistance to college graduates who are registered as unemployed. For most college students, it is not easy to find an interesting and profitable job. Russian employment guidance experts warn college students who are looking for a job, first of all, to understand "why do you want to work", and if the economy is not very tight, find a promising job instead of just focusing on high wages.

Canadian enterprise school cooperation

"Cooperative Education Curriculum" is an educational model of cooperation between enterprises and schools, which is widely implemented in universities in Canada. The University of Waterloo in Canada was first introduced from the United States in 1957. At present, more than 65,438+000 universities in Canada offer cooperative education courses, with about 70,000 students participating each year.

For students who take part in cooperative education courses, going to enterprises is not only a paid internship, but also an important course. Only by passing the examination of enterprises and schools can you get credits. At the end of each "cooperative education course", the school should organize special teachers to evaluate the students, including the work attitude, team spirit and business ability of the enterprise, as well as the quality of the reports written by the students after work.