What is employment access?

Employment access refers to, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Labor Law and the Vocational Education Law, occupations that are technically complex, versatile, and involve national property, people’s lives and safety, and consumer interests. Workers (type of work) must undergo training and obtain a professional qualification certificate before they can be employed. The scope of occupations subject to employment access is determined by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security and released to the public. China has implemented an employment access system and a vocational qualification certificate system, which are two important systems that regulate China's labor and employment market, ensure the quality of employees, and promote the development of China's vocational education. However, due to the failure to implement it well, it has become one of the reasons hindering the development of vocational education.

The implementation of the employment access system and the determination of the scope of implementation are based on the implementation steps and overall goals of the national vocational qualification certificate system and combined with the number of people in demand for some occupations grouped by industry

Characteristics and requirements Definitely. Certain professions (professions) have long implemented a professional qualification certificate system due to their strong technical and professional nature, such as lawyers, certified public accountants, electricians, boilermakers, etc. With the rapid development of China's economy, the continuous improvement of science and technology level, and the standardized development of all walks of life, some previously unregulated occupations will gradually implement the professional qualification certificate system, such as some current white-collar occupations: human resources management, marketing management , administrative management, logistics and property, etc. The ultimate goal is that practitioners in most professional positions will implement the professional qualification certificate system. In order to ensure the implementation of the employment access system, the state clearly stipulates: Regarding the behavior of employment agencies - the state requires employment agencies to announce in a prominent position the occupations that implement employment access; the job registration form must include a registered professional qualification certificate column; the employer's recruitment advertisement column should also have corresponding professional qualification requirements; staff of employment agencies, for occupations with employment access stipulated by the state, should require job seekers to present professional qualification certificates and conduct inspections, and recommend employment based on the certificates; Employers must recruit employees with proof of employment. Violations of this system by employers - Employers that recruit personnel who have not obtained corresponding professional qualification certificates will be given a warning by the labor and social security administrative department at or above the county level, and may be fined up to 1,000 yuan, and at the same time order the employer to punish the relevant personnel within a time limit Receive relevant training and obtain professional qualification certificates before taking up the job.

Edit this paragraph: Occupations subject to employment access regulations stipulated by the state

At present, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security has determined the employment access standards based on the "Occupational Classification Code of the People's Republic of China and the State" Vocational qualification certificates

for 66 occupations entered. They are: lathes, millers, grinders, boring workers, combined machine tool operators, machining center operators, foundries, forgers, welders, metal heat treaters, cold work sheet metal workers, painters, assembly fitters, tool fitters, Mechanical fitters, automobile mechanics, motorcycle maintenance workers, boiler equipment installers, maintenance electricians, computer maintenance workers, manual carpenters, fine carpenters, precious metal jewelry handcrafters, earthwork machine operators, masonry workers, concrete workers, steel bar workers , Shelf workers, waterproofers, decoration workers, electrical equipment installers, plumbers, car drivers, lifting and loading machinery operators, audio tuners, textile fiber inspectors, precious metal jewelry, diamond and gemstone inspectors, animal diseases Controller, animal quarantine inspector, biogas producer, salesman, Chinese medicine buyer and seller, appraiser, pharmaceutical product buyer and seller, Chinese cook, Chinese pastry chef, Western cook, Western pastry chef, bartender, Health masseur, vocational instructor, property manager, boiler operator, beautician, hairdresser, photographer, optical optometrist, optical fitter, household electronic product repairman, household appliance product repairman, watch repairman, office Equipment maintenance workers, secretaries, computer operators, telephone operators, user communication terminal maintenance personnel.

Edit this paragraph: The country’s specific regulations on employment access

Employment agencies must announce the scope of occupations that implement employment access in a prominent position; in the job registration forms printed in various places There must be a column for registering professional qualification certificates; there should also be corresponding professional qualification requirements in the employer's recruitment advertisement column. In the course of their work, the staff of employment agencies should require job seekers to present professional qualification certificates and conduct inspections for occupations with employment access stipulated by the state, and recommend employment based on the certificates; employers must use the certificates to recruit workers.

The new labor force engaged in employment-approved occupations must undergo one to three years of vocational training and obtain a professional qualification certificate before employment. For employers that recruit personnel who have not obtained corresponding professional qualification certificates, the labor inspection agency should investigate and punish them in accordance with the law and order them to Correction: For those engaged in individual industrial and commercial operations, the industrial and commercial department must obtain a professional qualification certificate before going through the opening procedures.

Edit this paragraph: New occupations are not equal to employment-approved occupations

After the new occupation information is released, relevant training and qualification certification will be available soon. Some people are worried that they have not obtained the new occupation. Once the qualification is certified, you will not be able to continue working in your original job. In fact, this is a misunderstanding of professional qualification certification. Wang Haishan, who has been a nut roaster for more than 20 years and is well-known in Beijing, is happy and worried when he sees nut roasters being included in the new profession. He is happy that there are unified standards, which is conducive to the advancement of the roasting process, but he is also worried about what might happen. If I fail the relevant exams, will I no longer be able to do my job? The so-called employment access is the state's implementation of a professional qualification certificate system for workers engaged in special types of work involving public safety, personal health, life and property safety, which requires employees to undergo training and obtain corresponding professional qualification certificates before they can practice. Enterprises and employers who recruit workers for these special types of work must recruit people who have obtained corresponding professional certificates. For example: electricians, boilermakers, etc. However, the 87 occupations and types of work are only a small part of the thousands of occupations currently available in our country. The nut roasting that Lao Wang engages in is the same as barbering, chefs and other professions. Having relevant professional qualifications is only a proof of one's business skills or a basis for salary negotiation, and does not equal employment access. In addition, in response to the current situation of numerous certifications and qualification examinations, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security also reminded that new occupations do not mean high salaries, and more certificates are not always better. Many employers require professional qualification certificates while You should also consider factors such as your major, work experience, etc. You should choose appropriate training and qualification certification based on your major, hobbies, and career direction, which will be more conducive to success in the workplace.

Edit this paragraph’s access system

China’s rapid economic development calls for a large number of high-quality workers, especially skilled talents. The reality is that there is a serious shortage of skilled talents, especially high-skilled talents, on the front line of production and services. As of the end of 2004, skilled laborers accounted for only 32.9% of the country's urban employed population. The problem of low technical level of workers is also prominent. Among skilled workers, junior workers account for 43%, mid-level workers account for 36%, senior workers account for 17%, and technicians and senior technicians only account for 4%. In many industries, employment access systems are not strictly enforced and people are employed without certificates. Taking the construction industry as an example, there are about 55 million employees in the industry, accounting for 7.3% of the total urban and rural employment. Among them, almost all front-line operating workers are migrant workers. Among these migrant workers, more than 90% have not received professional skills training. As a result of working without a certificate, safety accidents occur frequently. Last year, 1,086 construction accidents occurred across the country, resulting in 1,264 deaths, the vast majority of which were migrant workers. The main reason is that migrant workers have not received strict vocational training, have low awareness of production safety, and have insufficient professional skills. Based on the requirements of the country's economic and social development, as well as the characteristics and nature of occupations in various industries, the Ministry of Labor and Social Security stipulates that employment access will be implemented nationwide for 90 occupations starting from July 1, 2000. In fact, some professions (professions) have long implemented a professional qualification certificate system due to their strong technical and professional nature, such as lawyers, certified public accountants, electricians, boilermakers, etc. With the rapid development of China's economy, the continuous improvement of science and technology level, and the standardized development of all walks of life, some occupations that were not previously regulated have gradually implemented the professional qualification certificate system. The ultimate goal is that most professional positions will implement the professional qualification certificate system. Qualification certificate system. Due to various reasons, some industries cannot implement the employment access system well, which has impacted the vocational qualification certificate system. This not only directly affects the source of students in vocational schools and training institutions, but also hinders the development of vocational education. More seriously, The quality of technical workers cannot be guaranteed. A basic starting point and goal of the state's formulation of vocational qualification certificates and labor access systems is to accelerate the improvement of workers' quality structure and quality level, thereby promoting the improvement of workers' employment and re-employment capabilities. Many migrant workers say that it doesn’t matter if they have a certificate or not, so what’s the point of learning it? This is not the case.

In recent years, vocational colleges have attached great importance to the cultivation and training of students' professional abilities to enable students to adapt to the requirements of professional positions. Hubei, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Liaoning and many other places attach great importance to and actively promote the work of vocational school students to obtain vocational qualification certificates. They clearly propose that they should attach equal importance to academic certificates and vocational qualification certificates, and strive to improve the "double certificate" of secondary vocational school graduates. Have rate. In 2004, the employment rate of secondary vocational graduates nationwide reached 95%, which is a good illustration. Practice has proven that any worker who has received necessary vocational training and has the vocational skills required by the labor market will be in an advantageous position in competitive employment. Even if they are laid off and unemployed, they can achieve re-employment in the short term through their own efforts. On the contrary, you will be at a disadvantage. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly implement the employment access system to promote workers to actively improve their technical and professional qualities, realize the rational development and allocation of labor resources, and put them on a sound development track.

Edit the relevant provisions of this paragraph

The "Decision of the State Council on Vigorously Developing Vocational Education" clearly states: Employers must strictly implement "training first, then employment" and "first employment" when recruiting employees. According to the provisions of “training before employment”, priority will be given to hiring those who have obtained vocational school academic certificates, vocational qualification certificates and vocational training certificates. It is necessary to further improve the access methods for related occupations involving the safety of people's lives and property. Labor and security, personnel, industry and commerce and other departments should increase supervision of the implementation of the employment access system. Employers that violate regulations and recruit personnel without vocational education or training at will will be punished and ordered to provide training for relevant personnel within a time limit. Relevant departments must promptly formulate and improve regulations and policies on employment access. In this regard, the majority of vocational education workers applaud with both hands.