What is the value of portrait painting?

Personally, portraits have moral values cherished by families.

Until today, portraits still retain the moral value of family treasures. Palace decorative painting belongs to the form of social life. In contrast, family portrait painting expresses feelings about life, love for parents and love for family glory, and its value is far from exhausted. Another function of portrait painting is to make people who are about to get engaged familiar with each other. Philip 1428 sent a mission to Spain to find a bride for him. One of the messengers is Yang? Where is it? Echo, his task is to draw a portrait of spanish princess.

The rumored story is that the groom fell in love at first sight when he saw the portrait of the bride he didn't know. For example, Richard II of Britain also pursued Isabella of France at the age of six in this way. Others claim that the bride was chosen by comparing several portraits. When the young French king charles vi wanted to get married, he had to choose between the daughters of the Duke of Bavaria, the Duke of Austria and Herzog von Lothringen, so he sent an excellent painter to paint the three daughters. After seeing three paintings, the king chose Isabella, a 14-year-old girl from Bavaria, because her beauty far surpassed the other two candidate princesses.

The purpose of any printed matter is not as dominant as tombstones. They oppose other sculptures with their highest tasks. But the practical purpose of art is not limited to sculpture. Even during the funeral, the desire to see the faces of deceased relatives must be satisfied. Sometimes, the dead are dressed up by the living. Pray for Bertrand at St. Denis Abbey? Di？ During Gasklin's funeral, four knights rode into the church in armor to "simulate the scene of the deceased before his death".

A bill in 1375 mentioned the funeral expenses of the Polignac family. "Bryce, who played the deceased, spent Usol silver coins.". At royal funerals, people often see leather imitations in royal clothes, which are as realistic as possible. In some funeral procession, there may be more than one simulated portrait of the dead. The undertaker focused his attention on the simulacra. /kloc-the death mask that rose in France in the 0 th and 5 th centuries is probably related to the simulated images in these funerals.

Almost every work has a specific purpose and purpose, which is related to daily life. This blurs the boundary between art and handmade works, or more accurately, the boundary between them is not divided. The boundaries of artist status do not yet exist. A group of skilled masters served in the courts of Flanders, Berry and Burgundy. At the same time, they create personal paintings, illustrated manuscripts and colored sculptures, which appear alternately.

Their tasks also include drawing shields and flags, designing competition costumes and official robes, and so on. Melchior? Melchoir Broederlam was a painter at first, served Louis, Baron of Flanders, and later worked for Louis' son-in-law, the first duke of burgundy. He decorated the earl's house with five carved chairs.

He repaired the mechanism of Hastings Castle and painted on it. These clever things sprinkle water or dry powder on the guests. He decorated the duchess's carriage. Later, in 1387, he was responsible for decorating the luxury fleet for duke of burgundy and preparing for the English conquest. Court painters serve court weddings and funerals.

In the studio, Yang? Where is it? Echo colored the sculpture; He drew a map of the world himself and dedicated it to Duke Philip. The countries and cities on the map are clearly and beautifully depicted. Hugo. Where is it? De? Gus drew an advertisement for the redemption ticket. David? Gerald's famous works include the landscape paintings on the handrails and shutters of Bruges "bakery"; 1488 When maximilian was imprisoned here, these decorative paintings made the emperor's house arrest easier.

After all, only a tiny part of the works of masters and ordinary artists have been preserved, and they are quite special ones that have been handed down. These works are mainly tombstones, altars, portraits and miniature models. Apart from portraits, secular paintings are rarely handed down. Among decorative arts and handicrafts, several special types have been preserved: church supplies, priests' vestments and furniture.

Can we see Fan today? The seaside bathing and hunting pictures made by Echo or Vuitton are juxtaposed with the pictures of the Virgin Reiko Kobayakawa and the Virgin Statue. We don't know how much we have deepened our understanding of the artistic essence of15th century.

Nowadays, it is difficult for us to form a complete understanding of the whole field of applied art at that time. In order to get a complete picture, we must have a panoramic understanding of Christian sacraments, gorgeous royal robes decorated with gems and bell patterns. We must be able to see luxuriously decorated ships. Unfortunately, the existing miniature paintings of ships can only express mechanical concepts that are far from enough. Few things can inspire Fuwasa's enthusiasm like boats. The flag flying on the ship's masthead, decorated with coat of arms, is magnificent and long enough to touch the water.

In Peter? In Bruegel's paintings, you can also see this unusual wide and long flag. 1387, melchior? Blue Drum painted the warship decorated by brave Philip in the port of Sluss in blue and gold; There is a huge coat of arms painted on the stern upstairs. The sail is embroidered with daisies, the initials of the Duke and Duchess, and their motto: "It slows me down." The nobles competed with each other to see whose warship was more luxuriously decorated. Fu Huasa said that painters are rich and can wait for the price, because the number of painters can never meet the needs of customers.

He even said that many masts were covered with gold coins. Guy? Pull? Latraye Moyer, in particular, spared no effort: he spent 2000 pounds to plate the mast with gold. "You can't imagine how to decorate this boat. Lord Latreille Moyer didn't use it. All this is borne by the poor French people? "

If we can still see the lost secular decorative art today, the pursuit of luxury in the Middle Ages will undoubtedly attract our attention. There is no doubt that most of the existing works of art tend to be luxurious, but because we pay the least attention to this artistic attribute, we don't pay enough attention to it. We only seek to appreciate the profound aesthetic attributes of works of art, and all grandiose things can no longer attract us. But for people at that time, this kind of ostentation and extravagance was extremely important. Late medieval, France? Burgundy culture is the kind of culture that replaces beauty with colorful flowers. The art of this period faithfully reflects the spirit of this period and has its own development track.

We have put forward a hypothesis above: describing everything in detail is one of the most important features of late medieval thought, and this endless formal representation system is full of medieval people's brains; This ideological feature is also the essence of medieval art, and art tries its best not to let anything have no form, no expression and no decoration.

Gorgeous gothic art is like an organ, breaking all forms with self-analysis procedures; Every detail is constantly refined, and every line has its corresponding line. This is the unlimited growth of the concept of form; Gorgeous details kill every face, every line. Fear of blank space may be a common feature at the end of the ideological development stage, and this fear dominated the art at that time.

All this means that the line between glitz and beauty is blurred. Decoration is no longer used to eulogize natural beauty, but to stifle natural beauty because of excessive growth. The farther away from the pure painting art, the more unrestrained the formal decoration covers the content. As long as the sculpture is an independent form, there is little chance to engage in this kind of formal madness: the sculptures of "Moses Fountain" and "Prarantz" on the tombstone compete with Donatello's statues with their rigorous, exquisite and natural styles.

However, once the sculptor's figure is used for decoration, or stuck in the painting field, or compressed by the relief size, once the sculptor has to copy the whole scene, the sculpture will be too impetuous and carry too many details.

If you look closely at the temple of Dijon, will you notice Jacques? Balcer's sculpture The Cross is too incongruous. As long as painting is an art of pure reproduction, simplicity and tranquility are its main characteristics; On the contrary, because the essence of sculpture is decorative art, people pay attention to decoration when dealing with figure forms, and what viewers see is the phenomenon of mutual extrusion between forms, which removes the tranquility of painting.

The difference between painting and mural painting is similar. Even though the task of knitting technology is pure reproduction, due to the limitation of fixed techniques, it is still close to decoration and cannot get rid of the exaggerated needs of decorative art. The characters and colors in the wall hanging are always too crowded and the form is always old-fashioned. What further deviates from pure art is costume art. Undoubtedly, costume art is also art, but one of its purposes is to let temptation and glitz overwhelm pure beauty. Moreover, personal vanity has dragged fashion art into the field of fashion and sensibility, so the essential elements of elegant art such as balance and harmony have taken a back seat.