World famous contemporary artists

(auguste rodin 1840~ 19 17)

brief introduction

A famous French sculptor. He was born in a poor Christian family. His father is a police messenger and his mother is a poor civilian woman. Rodin loved art since he was a child, but all his other classes were terrible. With the support of his sister Mary, his disappointed father had to agree to send him to the Paris School of Arts and Crafts. His sister Mary paid for his room and board with the money she earned, so Rodin loved her deeply since she was a child. At the age of 65,438+04, he studied painting with Leconde Bois Baudrin, then studied sculpture with Beye, and served as Behles's assistant. He went to Brussels to create decorative sculptures for five years. He visited Italy from 65438 to 0875 and was deeply inspired by Michelangelo's works, thus establishing realistic creative techniques. His works, such as The Bronze Age, The Thinker, Hugo, Citizen of Calais and Balzac, all have new creations and have been criticized by the French academic school. The design of Hell's Gate, including 186 sculptures, was not realized as planned due to the obstruction of the official at that time, and only some works such as The Thinker, The Kiss and Eve were completed. He is good at creating vivid and powerful artistic images with rich and varied painting techniques. He has made many sketches in his life, and his style is unique, and his artistic theory has been passed down from generation to generation. Rodin's position in the history of European sculpture is just like that of the poet Dante in Europe. Rodin and his two students, Mayol and Budel, are called the "three pillars" of European sculpture.

For modern people, he is the last sculptor in the old period (classicism period) and the first sculptor in the new period (modernism period). He left one foot in the classical courtyard, but the other foot has crossed the threshold of modernism. It can be said that Rodin opened the door to modern sculpture in the new era with his mature and powerful hands tempered during the classicism period and his creative spirit that was not bound by tradition. When the young artist rushed in and ran forward, he was old and could not walk. His creation has a great influence on the development of modern European sculpture.

Rodin's life is a life of being attacked and ridiculed, and also a life of being understood and supported by others. But he always faces all this correctly with great personality. Rodin climbed all his life and finally reached another peak after Michelangelo. Rodin firmly believed that "art is emotion". All his works have proved this concept and profoundly revealed the rich feelings of human beings. Rodin prefers tragic themes and is good at discovering contribution and beauty from fragmentation, which makes his art have profound and profound character. He initiated a brand-new era and created a brand-new artistic technique. The ideological and spiritual charm embodied in his works will always bring people a profound sense of beauty and inspire people to keep thinking.

Van Gogh

/kloc-Vincent Van Gogh, a great artist in the 20th century, is one of the three masters of post-impressionism. 1853 was born in a pastor's family in Dherdt, southern Netherlands on March 30th. His father is Theodore Lu Van Gogh, a local priest. His mother's name is Anna cornelia. Four years later, Van Gogh's younger brother Theo was born. He was the staunchest supporter and admirer of Van Gogh in his life.

Van Gogh didn't like learning when he was a child, but he was very talented in language. He can speak English, German and French, and he can also write letters with them. In addition, he later learned Latin and Greek when he was studying religion, and his mother tongue was Dutch. He always knows six languages. This shows that Van Gogh is a very clever man, and he is not a madman! This must be clarified! Please read the article "You can't describe him as a madman".

186 1 year, van Gogh entered primary school. 1869, 16-year-old Van Gogh entered the Hague branch of Paris courier company (the largest gallery in Europe at that time) under the introduction of Vincent, an artist with the same name as Van Gogh. This shop was founded by Uncle Vincent. The current manager is a young Mr. Testiger. This shop sells copies of oil paintings and famous paintings. Van Gogh worked as a shop assistant there. Later, due to his excellent work, he was transferred to the London branch. Van Gogh's simple, sincere and enthusiastic personality made others like him very much, and his future seemed bright, because his uncle was one of the largest art dealers in Europe at that time, and he was regarded as the ideal successor of this famous art dealer.

Van Gogh learned a lot of artistic knowledge and read a lot of literary works through his work these days (Van Gogh loved reading all his life, as can be seen from his letters), which made him have a high artistic appreciation at an early age, which also laid the foundation for him to become an outstanding artist in the future. His favorite painters are Miller, Rembrandt, Brayton and others.

187 1 year, my father was transferred to Helvette.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/872, Van Gogh returned to Helvette to visit his parents and met his younger brother Theo, who was studying abroad. In August, Theo went to The Hague, and Van Gogh and his younger brother had a pleasant and unforgettable day. After Theo left, they started a lifelong correspondence. These 650 letters written by Van Gogh to Theo are the most important information for us to know about Van Gogh. (Please see Van Gogh's letters on this website)

1873, Theo began to work in the Brussels branch of Gubil Company and became a colleague with Van Gogh.

1874, Van Gogh failed to propose to his landlord's daughter in London, which was the first great blow. Desperate, he lost his enthusiasm for his work, and his customers and colleagues had a lot of complaints about him. Finally, at the beginning of 1876, Van Gogh was fired by Gubil Company.

Van Gogh found a job as a teacher through an advertisement in the newspaper. 1in April, 876, he came to Ramsgate, a seaside town in England, and worked as an unpaid intern teacher in a school run by Mr. Stokes. In July, the school moved to Lovas, but after the probation period, Van Gogh still didn't get his salary. He began to look for another way out. At this time, he was lucky enough to know the local pastor Jones and work as a teaching assistant in the school run by the pastor. Later, he became an assistant priest, and even Van Gogh had his first missionary. This is exactly what he dreamed of, because after his love affair in London, he has devoted himself to religion and become a "religious fanatic".

In February 65438, Van Gogh went home for Christmas. I have never been back to England since then. The specific reason is unknown.

1877, with the help of Uncle Vincent, Van Gogh worked as a clerk in a bookstore in Dordrecht. But because he devoted himself to religion and neglected his work, he lost his job four months later.

1877 in may, with his father's consent, he came to Amsterdam and stayed at uncle John's house, then commander of the Dutch navy, to prepare for the entrance examination for the theological seminary. Van Gogh's uncle is a respected priest and found the best teacher for him. But because he was eager to engage in practical work and hated obscure Latin and Greek, he gave up continuing his studies.

1In July, 878, he entered the mission school in Brussels again, but he still didn't get the graduation letter.

In 65438+February of the same year, he resolutely went to the Japanese mining area in Borina to work as a priest. This is a place like hell. Miners lead an inhuman life, and gas explosions often occur. In order to give the miners the greatest help, Van Gogh lived and ate in the same shabby house, and gave them all his food and articles. Later, because of his "enthusiasm" and "ugly" image for his work, the church thought that he had damaged the image of the priest and fired him. But van Gogh's behavior was respected by miners, and some people regarded him as a saint.

After being fired again, Van Gogh did not leave immediately, but continued to volunteer for missionary and relief work. This time he is going to engage in art!

1880 10 on the recommendation of a friend, I went to Brussels to study and create.

188 1 In April, Van Gogh returned to Eton where his parents lived. He began to study and create paintings, and his family and relatives have begun to be disappointed with him (in fact, they have always been disappointed). But at this time, Van Gogh's deep passion for art has just begun to burn.

While at Eton College, he fell in love with his cousin Kay, who had just lost her husband (that is, the daughter of the priest uncle who had helped Van Gogh). He got along well with Kay, but when he proposed to her, he was rejected again! Kay fled back to Amsterdam. The infatuated Van Gogh went to Kay's parents' residence to find her, but Kay's father refused Van Gogh's request. Van Gogh put his hand on the lighted candle and deliberately set himself on fire. Kay's father finally had to blow out the candles ... Van Gogh left.

Van Gogh, who was hit again, came to The Hague. He got help from Anton Moff, a relative of the famous painter. Under the guidance of Muff, Van Gogh made rapid progress in painting skills. He was also supported by Testiger, manager of Gubil branch in The Hague. But later, for various reasons, for example, Van Gogh once rejected Muff's suggestion: painting plaster statues. However, it is more reasonable to say that Van Gogh finally broke up with Muff and Tessie because of his association with Sean. His life is in trouble again. He could only live on the money sent by his brother Theo every month, and this life supported by his brother continued until Van Gogh committed suicide.

1882 In February, Van Gogh met his daughter Sean and lived with her. Out of sympathy for his miserable life, Van Gogh decided to live a quiet life with Sean. Everyone is against their alliance, even Theo. They finally broke up.

In mid-September, after breaking up with Sean, Van Gogh left The Hague for Drenthe, northern Netherlands, and began to wander and create for several months.

1at the end of 883, 30-year-old Van Gogh came to his parents' new home in Newnan.

1On March 26th, 885, Van Gogh's father died. When Van Gogh finished one of his masterpieces (the so-called fame was evaluated by later generations, and no one knew Van Gogh at that time), people who ate potatoes. Van Gogh in this period was influenced by Dutch painters and Rembrandt. These paintings are deep and thick, with a strong local flavor. On the one hand, farmers like painting out of respect and admiration for workers, but also influenced by his spiritual mentor-Miller.

1885165438+10 In October, Van Gogh went to Antwerp to study and create. He began to admire Rubens and get in touch with Japanese ukiyo-e paintings.

1886 In February, Van Gogh suddenly went to Paris to live with his younger brother Theo. Theo was already a well-known art dealer at that time, and he highly admired Impressionists and neo-impressionism painters. Under the introduction of his younger brother, Van Gogh met painters such as paul gauguin, Emile Bernard, Toulouse-Lautrec, Camille pissarro and Seurat. I also met the donkey who deals in painting supplies. During this period, Van Gogh was deeply influenced by impressionist painting, and his pictures became bright and fresh, using some impressionist techniques such as stippling. At the same time, he also began to create famous self-portraits.

1888 At the beginning of the year, 35-year-old Van Gogh was tired of the city life in Paris and went to arles, a small town in the south of France, to look for the bright sunshine and boundless farmland he longed for. He rented the "Yellow House" and prepared to build a "painter's home" (also known as "Southern Studio"). His creation really reached a climax. Sunflower, Night Coffee-Outdoor, Night Coffee-Indoor, Harvest Scenery and Fishing Boat on the Coast are representative works of this period. But he still has to live on Theo's allowance.

During his stay in arles, Van Gogh met the postman Lu Lin, and the kind Lulin may be Van Gogh's only friend in arles. Van Gogh also painted many portraits of their family.

In June 65438+10, Gauguin came to Aier to live with Van Gogh, which Van Gogh dreamed of. In order to decorate Gauguin's house, he planned to paint a dozen (12) sunflowers, but unfortunately he didn't finish painting them. His feelings for Gauguin are complicated. He respected Gauguin very much, but because of the differences in personality and art, they often quarreled. Later, Van Gogh often went insane because of overwork. After arguing with Gauguin, he lost his mind and tried to "assassinate" Gauguin. After Gauguin left, Van Gogh returned to the "Yellow House", cut off a part of his right ear and gave it to a local girl ... This is the famous "ear cutting incident". Gauguin left, and Van Gogh's grand plan to establish a "painter's house" ended. He also fell into the quagmire of mental illness.

1889 In April, Theo got married.

In May, Van Gogh came to the monastery in Saint-Remy for psychiatric treatment with mixed feelings (Van Gogh should have epilepsy, and some people infer that Van Gogh has genetic factors of this disease because his family has this medical history).

He gets sick every once in a while, but he is usually extremely sober (epileptic patients are like ordinary people when they are not sick) and has created a lot of works. At this time, Van Gogh has completely surpassed Impressionism, formed his own unique style, and became a master of careful painting!

Van Gogh believed that painting should not only be satisfied with imitating the external image of things ... but should express the artist's subjective opinions and emotions while depicting nature with emotion and truth, so as to make the works have personality and unique style.

It can be said that expressing the artist's subjective feelings by painting is the theme of some painting schools and even the whole modern art, but at that time, Van Gogh and Gauguin were not known at all, so Van Gogh only sold one oil painting in his life, and his artistic creation in the past ten years was carried out with the support of Theo. Starry Moon Night is the most famous work in the period of Saint Remy, and it can also be said that it is the most famous one of all his works.

1890 In May, Van Gogh went to Paris to meet his younger brother Theo, his wife and their son who had just been born for more than a year (Van Gogh's nephew, also named Vincent Van Gogh, later became an excellent engineer, and the Van Gogh Art Museum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands was established at his urging. )

On may 2 1 day, van Gogh moved to Orville near Paris to be treated by Dr. gachet. Everything is going well. However, the famous work Rye and Crow is considered to have predicted the death of Van Gogh.

Sunday, July 27th. Van Gogh shot himself while he was out sketching! But he missed the point and was taken home. He refused to receive treatment. Others say that the bullet is too deep to be cured. )

On the morning of July 28th, Theo arrived in Orville. He sat beside Van Gogh's bed, remembering his childhood with him. ......

Van Gogh said, "The pain will last forever."

At dawn on July 29th, Van Gogh died.

On July 30th, a funeral was held. Only Theo, Gachet, Bernard, Lucian pissarro (son of the famous painter pissarro) and the donkey attended the funeral.

After committing suicide, in a letter found on Van Gogh, Van Gogh said, "Speaking of my career, I gave my life for it, because of it, my reason almost collapsed."

Theo was bedridden with grief and died six months after Van Gogh's death.

Later, he was buried with Van Gogh in Orville Cemetery. Their brother's story will touch the whole world.

Later, due to the efforts of Theo's wife Joanna, she lent Van Gogh's paintings to the exhibition. In fact, before Van Gogh died, critics praised him greatly, and his fame became bigger and bigger.

1907 Van Gogh's mother died. He lived until his son became famous, and she regretted throwing away Van Gogh's paintings.

Theo's wife Joanna sorted out Van Gogh's mountains of paintings and sketches, as well as hundreds of letters to Theo.

19 14, published by van Gogh's letters. Van Gogh's life is gradually known to people all over the world.

Joanna died on 1927.

1934 published "Longing for Life-Biography of Van Gogh". Today, this book has sold tens of millions of copies, and many people like Van Gogh through this book.

1962, with the efforts of Van Gogh's nephew, the Dutch government built the National Van Gogh Art Museum in Amsterdam to permanently collect Van Gogh's works and letters. This is also the art museum with the largest collection of Van Gogh's works.

1978 Van Gogh's nephew passed away. He witnessed the inauguration of the Van Gogh Art Museum.

Today, Van Gogh has become a world-famous master of art. ......

His portrait of Dr. Gascher still holds the highest auction record in the world-$82.5 million.

Van Gogh died at the age of 37, and his major works were completed in the last few years of his life. There are more than 800 oil paintings, 1000 sketches, watercolors, prints and other works. This site only selected some of the most representative works to show to you.

Van Gogh was a master of painting with the mind. He said, "My job is my body and soul. For it, I am willing to risk losing my life and reason. "

Van Gogh, Gauguin and Cezanne are all outstanding post-impressionist painters. They all surpass impressionist painting, are teachers of modern art, and are eternal stars that illuminate the history of human art!

Picasso

(188 1 ~ 1973) was born in Spain. He is the most creative and influential artist in the contemporary west. He and his paintings occupy an immortal position in the history of world art. Picasso was a prolific painter. According to statistics, his works total nearly 37,000 pieces, including oil painting 1 0,885 pieces, sketch 7089 pieces, print 20,000 pieces and lithograph 6 1 piece.

With Vincent, who has been down and out all his life? Van Gogh is different. Picasso's life was brilliant. He was the first painter who lived to see his works collected by the Louvre. In the opinion poll of a French newspaper in February, 1999, he was elected as the top ten greatest painters of the 20th century with a high vote of 40%.

Introduction to Leonardo da Vinci

1April 452 15, Cel pierrot Da Vinci and Katrina were born in Wenxi Village, a suburb of Florence.

/kloc-entered verrocchio Studio in 0/465 and became an elementary disciple (13 ~ 14 years old).

1473, he created the "sacred proclamation"

1476, he was accused of same-sex love with other disciples of verrocchio. Because he denied it, he was finally released (24 years old).

1482 painting "pilgrimage to the three sages" and returning to Milan (30 years old)

1483 was accepted by San Francisco, and the cathedral ordered the Madonna on the rock (3 1 year old).

1495 began to draw the last supper (43 years old).

1502 ~ 03 returned to Florence and began to paint the Mona Lisa (50 years old).

15 16 went to Amboise, France (64 years old) at the invitation of the French king.

1565438+ passed away in Amboise on May 2, 2009 (at the age of 67).

Mozart

Austrian composer Wolfgang? Amadis? Mozart is a representative of Vienna Classical Music School. 1756 65438+/kloc-0 was born in the family of a court musician in Salzburg on October 27th,179165438+died in Vienna on February 5th. Mozart showed his musical talent at the age of three, studied piano with his father at the age of four, composed music at the age of five, studied violin with his father at the age of six, wrote many sonatas and symphonies at the age of eight, and wrote his first opera at the age of eleven. He only lived to be 36 years old. Heavy creation, performance and poor life damaged his health and made him die prematurely, and his music works became the precious heritage of the world music treasure house.

From 65438 to 0762, six-year-old Mozart, led by his father, made a tentative tour in Munich, Vienna and Pressburg, and achieved success. From June 1763 to March 1773, he toured Germany, France, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy and other countries for ten years and achieved success. These touring performances have had a positive impact on Mozart's artistic development. He had access to the most advanced music arts in Europe at that time-Italian opera, French opera and German instrumental music, which made him the composer with the widest creative style at that time.

Since 1774, his creation has entered a mature stage. In another performance of 1777, Mozart was inspired and encouraged by his extensive contact with all walks of life, especially his equal and harmonious communication with Mannheim citizen artists, which far exceeded the traditional concept. This is not only the improvement of art appreciation ability, but also a profound understanding of the irrationality of feudal system. He realized more and more that a person's value is not determined by birth, but by talent and morality. Mozart, now an adult, was dissatisfied with his slavery. In order to strive for personal and creative freedom, in 178 1, he made a complete break with the archbishop who hired him and resolutely resigned. Became the first free composer in Austrian history who had the courage and determination to resist the court and church and safeguard personal dignity. In the same year, he went to Vienna and wrote the famous opera The Temptation of the Harem.

First broadcast in July 1782 was a great success. 1782, without her father's consent, she was the daughter of a Mannheim musician, constance? Webber is married. Here, Mozart forged a deep friendship with Haydn in Vienna at that time, and learned from Haydn's experience in composing quartets and symphonies. The decade from the career of a freelance composer to his death is the most important creative period in Mozart's life. The works of this period, whether operas or symphonies, all present new features. These works reflect the firm and optimistic class consciousness of the emerging bourgeoisie and show the typical thoughts and feelings of the progressive intellectuals in Vienna. But as the first artist who tried to break free and maintain his dignity, he enjoyed the pleasure of "freedom" and had a more practical experience of its hardships. Mozart began to show his sadness, resentment and even protest in his music. At the same time, he still holds naive and sincere yearning for a bright future. As soon as he opened the beautiful shell, generate burst into fire.

The last two years of Mozart's life were the most difficult economic period. He once said: "My tongue has tasted death, and my creation is still optimistic." 179165438+On February 5th, this great and elegant genius left this troubled world in the slums of Vienna.

At that time, his wife was seriously ill and there was no pocket money at home. At the age of 35, Mozart was buried in the unknown cemetery of the poor, and no relatives held a funeral for him. Weeds are hidden and rain is washed, which makes countless descendants who respect him today want to sacrifice. He regretted not completing the requiem all his life, but now the whole world is praising his genius, and his soul can really rest in peace.

Music history books call Mozart a rare genius. He died young, but left so many works. His creation covers almost all fields of music, but his most important achievement is the promotion of opera. He inherited Gluck's ideal of opera reform and went further. Unlike Gluck, Mozart advocated that "poetry must obey music". His opera has a strong musical appeal, the melody is very beautiful, smooth, natural and affectionate, and the recitation is also full of singing. Different types of music bring all kinds of characters and personalities to life. The form of duet is regarded by Mozart as an important means to arrange dramatic conflicts and climaxes. The overture is concise and personalized, which has more internal relations with the whole play in musical nature. These important explorations have enabled Mozart to make immortal achievements in the pioneering history of German opera art, among which The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan and The Magic Flute are the most prominent.

Symphony is also an important part of Mozart's creation. His most representative symphonies are his last three, namely E-flat major, G minor and C major. Among them, Symphony No.39 in E flat major is cheerful, bright and full of poetry. Symphony No.40 in G minor is full of drama and Haydn's optimism, but it is completely different from Haydn in technique and is called Mozart's "Hero" symphony. Symphony no 4 1 in c major (commonly called "Jupiter") is magnificent and ambitious, which indicates the emergence of Beethoven's heroic symphony. Mozart's symphonies (especially the last three) are the highest achievements of all the symphonies before Beethoven. His outstanding contribution lies in the contrast of the theme of each movement.

Generally speaking, Mozart's creative achievements cover all fields. They reflect that at the end of18th century, the oppressed German and Austrian intellectuals got rid of the fetters of feudal absolutism and pursued a better society, light, justice and human dignity. His music style is characterized by sincerity, delicacy, popularity, elegance, lightness and elegance, and most of them are full of optimism, reflecting the upward mental state of the German and Austrian bourgeoisie in the rising period. In Vienna's later works, there are also tragic and dramatic styles, which reflect social contradictions more deeply.