Guide words of Lianhua Cave in Longmen Grottoes

Guide words of Lianhua Cave in Longmen Grottoes

As an excellent tourism professional, it is essential to write tour guide words, which are instructions written by tour guides for oral expression during the tour. So how should the guide words be written in a more organized way? The following are the guide words I compiled for Lotus Cave in Longmen Grottoes. Welcome to share.

Guide words of Lianhua Cave in Longmen Grottoes 1 Hello, tourists! I'm Zhou Xiao, the tour guide of Taoyuan Travel Agency. We are now located in Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang. I will lead you into the Longmen Grottoes, and the pleasant one-day tour of Longmen Grottoes has begun!

The age of discovery and construction of Longmen Grottoes is very complicated. Longmen Grottoes consist of thousands of caves, including Qianxi Temple, Lotus Cave, Fangzi Cave, Guyang Cave, Xiangshan Temple, Baiyuan Cave and Wanfo Cave, as well as countless other caves.

Let's go to the Lotus Cave first. The name "Lotus Cave" is also very famous. You see, there is a huge and exquisite high-relief lotus carved on the top of the cave, and the name of "Lotus Cave" is based on this lotus. Lotus is a famous symbol of Buddhism, which means: mud comes out without being stained. There is a Buddha, two disciples and two bodhisattvas in the cave. As you can see, the head of the disciple on the left is missing, because it was stolen in the early years, and now it can only be seen in the French Ji Mei Museum. Look at the small Buddha statue on the south wall of Lianhua Cave. It is the smallest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes, only 2 cm high. These Hanazono Sakura Buddha statues are lifelike. You can imagine how exquisite the carving technique was at that time!

After seeing the Lotus Cave, we came to Fangzi Cave again. Fangzidong is named after many prescriptions of the Tang Dynasty engraved on the door of the cave. Carved in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, after the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty, there are still carvings in the Tang Dynasty. The prescription of Fangzidong is the earliest stone carving prescription in China.

Longmen Grottoes have been seriously damaged now. Except for a few Buddha statues, the heads of most Buddha statues have been damaged and it is difficult to shape as a whole. But the rest is enough to show superb artistic level and elegant demeanor. I hope everyone will cherish these cultural relics.

There is a legend in Longmen Grottoes. According to legend, in ancient times, there was a vast lake in the south of Luoyang, surrounded by green mountains and grass. People eat grass in the mountains and fish in the lake. There is a hardworking child in the village who goes to the mountains to herd sheep every day. He often hears the strange sound of "I can't open it" coming from underground. When he got home, he told his mother about it. Mom thought about it and told him that if she heard this voice again, she would answer "open"! Who knows, when the sky were to fall and the earth were to crack, the Longmen Grottoes split halfway up the mountain in an instant, and the lake gushed out, roaring around Luoyang City and flowing to the East China Sea. After the water flowed, Longmen Grottoes appeared.

Tourists, the happy day is over so soon, I hope you have a good time! Let's meet again next time!

Guide words of Lianhua Cave in Longmen Grottoes 2 Dear friends,

Hello everyone!

Welcome to Luoyang, the ancient capital. Have a hard trip! I am a tour guide of China Travel Agency. My name is Liu and my name is Xiao Li! You can call me Songrou directly in the future. Next to me is the driver Li Shifu. Li Shifu and I will be at your service in the next few days. I hope we can cooperate happily, and everyone can have fun, eat well and live comfortably!

This morning, we visited the Longmen Grottoes. At noon, I visited Luoyang water mat with different tastes, and in the afternoon, I visited Baima Temple. It takes about an hour from Luoyang Railway Station to Longmen Grottoes. Is everyone tired now? Then please rest and listen to me show off my eloquence! First of all, let me introduce Luoyang to you! "When you ask about ancient and modern things, please only look at Luoyang City", which is the feeling of Sima Guang, a historian of the Song Dynasty, on the glorious history of this ancient city after he finished his masterpiece "A Mirror with Capital"!

The antiquity of Luoyang really deserves our admiration. More than 4,000 years ago, the capital of China's first dynasty, the Xia Dynasty, was established here. In history, 13 dynasties established their capital here 1529. The ruins of the five capitals of Xia, Shang, Eastern Zhou, Han, Wei, Sui and Tang within 20 kilometers from east to west are rare in the world. Archaeology has also confirmed that several elements of the origin of civilization, such as the invention and improvement of characters, the formation of cities and the establishment of countries, are closely related to Luoyang. Taoism originated here, Confucianism originated here, Buddhism first spread here, and Neo-Confucianism was rooted here. It can be said that the civilization of the Chinese nation originated here, and the essence of the Chinese nation is passed down here. Take a handful of loess here, and you can feel the vicissitudes of five thousand years in the loess. If you pick a peony here, you can feel the beauty and fragrance of this country. Listening to a story here, you can realize that there are dreams and expectations of 13 dynasties in that story.

The beauty of Luoyang also deserves our pride. Every April, guests from all over the world and friends from all over the world gather here to enjoy "the beauty of a westward journey, the first fragrance among independent people." Our peony in Luoyang also takes the peony fair as an opportunity to show the beauty of the ancient capital, negotiate business tourism and promote development and construction. Here, not only peony flowers bloom for you, but also the solemn and wise Lushenafo in Longmen Grottoes smiles at you, and the bell of Baima Temple, the first ancient temple in China, ushers in good luck and well-being.

Dear friends, now we will arrive at Longmen Grottoes in five minutes. Let me give you a brief introduction to Longmen Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes is one of the three treasures of Buddhist Grottoes in China. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China; 1982 was announced as a national key scenic spot; In June 2000, it was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. Longmen Grottoes are located on the banks of the Yi River13km south of Luoyang. The two mountains are opposite here, and the Yi River flows, so it is called "Yi Que". The Sui Dynasty began to call Longmen. Longmen Grottoes were excavated after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved to Luoyang. After more than 400 years of carving, there are 2,345 existing grottoes, more than 2,800 inscriptions, more than 40 pagodas and more than 65,438+10,000 statues. The statues of the two caves are famous at home and abroad for their large number, large scale, diverse themes, exquisite carvings and rich connotations. Sculptures in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty reached the peak of art at that time, and they were royal models with originality. The style of the Central Plains is different from that of the early and late grottoes. Known as the "ancient forest of steles" with the largest number of inscriptions in grottoes in the world. Many sects, including Taoism, widely involve Buddhist beliefs in their statues, which are also rare in grotto art. Longmen Grottoes reflect the development and changes in China's ancient politics, economy, religion, culture and many other fields from different aspects with a large number of physical images and written materials, and have made great contributions to the innovative development of China Grottoes. Longmen Grottoes is the most concentrated place where royal nobles made wishes and statues in the Northern Wei and Tang Dynasties. It is the embodiment of the royal will and behavior, with a typical royal style.

Ok, friends, here is the Longmen Grottoes. Please close the window, take your belongings and get off with me to visit Longmen Grottoes, the first world cultural heritage in Henan!

Luoyang is a famous historical city at home and abroad. She has a long history, splendid culture and many cultural relics. In order to make guests better understand the history, culture and historical sites of this ancient city during their stay in Luoyang, I will give you a brief introduction to the history of Luoyang and the general situation of Longmen Grottoes on the way to visit the scenic spots by car. Luoyang is located in the west of Henan Province, on the south bank of the middle reaches of the Yellow River. It is named because it is located on the north bank of Luohe, which means the Yang of Luoshui.

Luoyang was once the capital of many dynasties in history, and it is known as the "ancient capital of nine dynasties". In this long history of more than 1000 years, Luoyang has long been the political, cultural and economic center of China. Today, the world-famous Longmen Grottoes we visited are one of many cultural relics.

Longmen Grottoes is located in Longmen Pass in the southern suburb of Luoyang, which is 2.5km away from the urban area/kloc-0. Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty was excavated in the 19th year, with a history of 1500 years. Together with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and Datong Yungang Grottoes, it constitutes three famous grottoes art treasures in China.

Longmen was called the "One Que" in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Xiangshan (Dongshan) and Longmenshan (Xishan) face each other in the east and west, and the Yi water flows through them, forming a magnificent gate. Later, it was called Longmen because it was in the south of Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The so-called "grottoes" are straight holes dug on the cliffs of Shibi Mountain, or natural caves used to hide or store food and things. As early as the primitive society, people have used natural caves to describe animal images and life scenes. However, it was only after the rise of Buddhism in ancient India that cave temples appeared as places for Buddhist believers and monks to worship Buddha.

Because Shan Ye is quiet and mysterious, the caves are warm in winter and cool in summer, and the caves dug in Shan Ye are more convenient and durable than the temples built of bricks and stones, cave temples integrating architecture, painting and sculpture appeared in ancient India. With the missionary activities of monks, this kind of cave temple art was introduced into China's frontier and inland areas, and merged with China's national characteristics, traditional artistic techniques and styles, becoming a unique carving and painting process in China. The Longmen Grottoes we are going to see today are one of the treasures of many temples in China.

In addition to the advantages mentioned above, the carving of Longmen Grottoes also has a natural condition that cannot be ignored. The cliffs on both sides of Yishui belong to the limestone layers of Cambrian and Ordovician in Paleozoic. Its hard and dense stones are not suitable for weathering and large-scale peeling, so it is very suitable for artistic sculpture. Compared with other sandstones, it has favorable preservation conditions.

The excavation of Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang is another large cave temple group excavated by the royal family after Dunhuang Grottoes in Gansu and Yungang Grottoes in Datong, Shanxi. It was founded in the Taihe period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and lasted until the Qing Dynasty through the Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties. More than 400 years before and after. Among them, the large-scale and efficient construction was about 150 years, which appeared in the Northern Wei Dynasty (about 40 years) and the Sui and Tang Dynasties (about 1 10 years) respectively. The large and small shrines and stone statues of Longmen Grottoes are scattered on the cliff walls of the east and west mountains of Longmen, along the banks of Yishui, with a length of 1 km from north to south.

Dear friends, it takes us about 1.5-2 hours to visit Longmen Grottoes. Here, we can see more than 1000 large and small Buddha statues every minute. According to the statistics of Longmen Cultural Relics Protection Institute 1962, there are more than 2 caves and niches in the two mountains. There are more than 654.38 million statues, more than 40 pagodas and more than 2,870 inscriptions. Statues are mainly made in the Northern Wei (Eastern Wei and Northern Qi), Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Northern Wei Dynasty accounts for about 30%, and the Sui and Tang Dynasties account for about 60%. The largest statue in Longmen Grottoes is the Rushena Buddha in Fengxian Temple. Longmen Grottoes are mostly concentrated on the cliffs on the west bank of Yishui, with 7 large caves. Because the rock formation in Longmen Dongshan is thinner than that in Xishan, it is inconvenient to carve large statues. Among Longmen Grottoes, Guyang Cave, Binyang Middle Cave and Lianhua Cave are representative grottoes in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The representative of Sui Dynasty works is Binyang South Cave. The representative caves in the Tang Dynasty are: Qianxi Temple, Binyang North Cave, Wanfo Cave and Fengxian Temple.

The statue of Longmen Grottoes is not only the crystallization of infinite wisdom and sweat of working people and artists in past dynasties, but also a wonderful flower combining foreign culture with China culture. These sculptors undertake the mission of creating statues for gods and emperors, but boldly break through the "ritual" bondage of religion and ethics. In the process of carving, a lot of real life is blended, which vividly shows the moving scenes of various characters. Such as joy, kindness, majesty, reserve, pain, and even the solemnity of the Buddha as the supreme ruler, which threatens people and the piety and tranquility of the provider, are the results of the artist's profound observation of the real "person" and the combination of realism and romanticism. It can be said that Buddha and man are vividly displayed in sculpture art. The integrity of layout, the concentration of momentum, the solidity of the whole, the diversity of personality changes, the vividness of facial expressions, the smooth beauty of clothing lines, etc. , are on the basis of thousands of years of artistic practice tradition, draw lessons from a large number of foreign cultures, elaborate creation, a large number of innovations, break through the tradition, and deliberately manage the results. Brilliant ancient craftsmen and sculpture design artists, facing the bare cliffs, carved such magnificent and meticulous group images with simple hammers and chisels, which was really amazing when the productivity and production tools were very backward at that time.

Longmen Grottoes, like a colorful and all-encompassing museum, provide extremely valuable materials for the study of China's history, religion, culture, art and medicine.

Ok, friends, here we are at Longmen Grottoes. Now please get off and visit the grottoes with me. In the process of visiting the grottoes, I will focus on explaining to my friends several major caves planted in Longmen Grottoes.

This is Qianxi Temple, the first big grotto we entered at the northern end of Longmen West Mountain. Qianxi Temple Cave is more than 9 meters high, 9 meters wide and nearly 7 meters deep. It was built in the early Tang Dynasty, about 1300 years ago. It is named after the continuous outflow of streams from the underground when the cave is dug. It is said that a prime minister named Li Pan built a villa here in the Tang Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were wooden eaves and other buildings outside the cave, so it was also called "Futang". The top of the cave is a hidden lotus, and the main statue in the cave is Amitabha, with a height of 7.38 meters, full denomination, bulging chest, clothes hanging obliquely in front of the seat, and well-proportioned proportions of all parts of the body. It looks wise, and the whole gesture gives people a feeling of silence and kindness. On both sides are two disciples, two bodhisattvas and two heavenly kings. In particular, the Bodhisattva in the south wall, with its plump and warm figure and quiet demeanor, and the statue of the main Buddha are the two most exquisite stone carvings in Longmen Grottoes in the Tang Dynasty. The inner and outer walls of the cave are carved with a protector king, with high cheekbones, big eyes, magnificent physique and strong strength, wearing armor, which is the image of a senior military commander in the Tang Dynasty. The hag you stepped on is also very vivid.

(In Binyang Cave)

After we passed the Millennium Temple, there was an open stone niche on the right side of the road, and a cursive stone tablet written by Chen in the Song Dynasty was embedded in the main wall. Written by Taoist Chen Chuan in the Northern Song Dynasty. So, Chen Chuan is the last man of God. He is a legend who lost his official career and won the appreciation of the emperor by seclusion. He practiced in Wudang Mountain and Huashan Mountain successively. We have seen the stone tablet and entered a quiet courtyard. From west to east, there are three caves sitting side by side, namely Binyang Cave 3 (commonly known as Middle Cave, North Cave and South Cave). Represented by Zhongdong, Zhongdong was called Lingyan Temple in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and it was renamed Binyang Cave after the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Legend has it that it was named after Lv Dongbin's character (Dong Bin) and the last two words of NO. Chunyang, one of the Eight Immortals of Taoism. This cave was dug in the first year of Jingming in Xuan Wudi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, that is, in 500 AD, and was completed in June 523 AD, which lasted for 24 years and employed 802,366 workers. We can also understand the Three Holes of Binyang as "covering a silver guest for Binyang to ask for sunrise", which means it will be sunny or sunny. Although Binyang Cave has spent so much time and money, the whole project of the three caves is not over. Four years later, Xuan Wudi collapsed on 5 15. Emperor Xiaoming (Xu Yuan), who was only seven years old, ascended the throne, and the regime was in the hands of his mother Hu Taihou. Because of the civil strife in the imperial court, the carving work in Binyang actually stopped. Therefore, the three caves in Binyang, a large cave operated by the royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty, actually only completed a middle cave in Binyang. The North and South Caves were completed in the late Sui and Tang Dynasties. The three caves in Binyang were carved in three dynasties, so the carved Buddha statues are different in shape and expression. So how to tell? Please follow me. I'll tell you from the hole in Binyang first.

Binyang Middle Cave is a three-level Buddha cave. Influenced by "Hokkekyo", in the Northern Wei Dynasty, in addition to the belief in Sakyamuni and Duobao, the object of belief was the III Buddha. There is only one case in Longmen Grottoes. Binyang Middle Cave is 9.8m high, and its depth and width are11.10m respectively. On the front are five statues, mainly Siddhartha Gautama. China sits in the Sakyamuni knot (the sitting method of Buddhist Zen practitioners, that is, the feet are crossed and the instep is next to the left and right thighs). He wore a robe with a height of 8.4 meters, a delicate face, a full expression, a high nose, big eyes and a slight smile. Bend three fingers with your left hand and lean forward with your right hand. This gesture means that there are two stone lions sitting in front with their heads held high. The chest hair is divided into two parts, which is the characteristic of carving lions in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Sakyamuni was surrounded by two disciples and two bodhisattvas (Zuo Manjusri and Right Pu Xian). The two Bodhisattvas are smiling and caring, and Wen Ya is sincere, giving people a sense of intimacy. There are also statues on the north and south walls, both of which are one Buddha and two bodhisattvas, wearing robes and standing on the lotus seat. On the back seat of the statue of Binyang Cave, there are reliefs of bodhisattvas and disciples. The top of the cave is shaped like a dragon, and there is a lotus treasure cover carved in the center of the cave. There are eight geisha and two admirers around the Lotus. We call it supporting the sky and supporting people to fly. Tian Fei, known as the "sweet god" in Buddhist art, is a beautiful fairy who can sing and dance and exudes fragrance. This is the scene described in Hokkekyo that "the geisha in the sky are all happy, and the gods are busy in the void for a while, and the rain clears up". On the north and south sides of the front wall of the middle cave, there are four layers of exquisite relief from top to bottom. In the past, tourists could go in and watch it. Now in order to protect these precious cultural relics from being damaged, iron railings have been added in front of the cave. I hope my friends can understand.

On the south side of the central cave in Binyang, a monument is carved on the cliff, that is, the famous monument of Chu Suiliang, that is, the monument of Yi Que Buddha's niche, which records the statue of Wang Wei Terrace, the fourth son of Emperor Taizong, as his dead mother stone (Zhenguan 15, that is, AD 64 1 year). This inscription has been seriously corroded, and it is difficult to distinguish its words.

The cave shaped like an object was originally dug in the Northern Wei Dynasty, but it stopped because of civil strife in the imperial court. So give up halfway. This cave is a transitional cave from the Northern Wei Dynasty to the early Tang Dynasty. This cave is 9 meters high, 8 meters wide and 9 meters deep. The main statue is Amitabha, which prevailed in the Tang Dynasty. He is more than 8 meters tall, with a slightly longer face, thick lips, horizontal stripes on his neck and a bulging chest. Two disciples stood on both sides of the wooden statue, and the Diye statue on the left was carved very realistically. He is wrinkled, else, serious and sophisticated. The bodhisattva, whose disciples stood outside, wore thick shawls and garlands, with simple and elegant shapes and the style of Northern Wei Dynasty. On the four walls of the cave, there are more than 150 niches, among which there are many niches in Sui Daye and Tang Zhenguan. The artistic style embodied in Binyang South Cave inherits the grandeur of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the excitement of the Tang Dynasty.

Binyang North Cave was built in the early Tang Dynasty. The main statue in the cave is Amitabha, nearly 10 meter high, sitting in a daze, with both hands pointing to heaven and earth equally. It is called "Giving Fearless Seal", that is, I am the only one between heaven and earth. It was the Buddha Sakyamuni who stood on the lotus after he was born, pointed to the sky and said, "I am the only one in the world." The left and right sides of the north and south relief two kings. Its modelling is mighty and powerful.

(Go to Wanfo Cave)

When we leave the third hole in Binyang and climb the stairs, we can see the Wanfo Cave. The shape of the Wanfo Cave is square, with a flat top and a lotus algae well carved on the top. Around the lotus algae well, there are characters printed in regular script: "It was built on November 30, the first year of Yongle in Tang Dynasty (AD 680), with 15,000 Buddhist shrines, including Yao Shenbiao, Master Yunchan of Neidaochang." On the north side of the entrance corridor, there is an inscription "Shaman is wise and auspicious, and the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager made 15,000 statues as shrines". These two inscriptions complement each other and explain why people make wishes and statues at the end of the day. Yonglong is the title of Emperor Li Zhi. Eunuchs are female officials in the palace. Shaman Zhiyun and Inner Dojo waybill master refer to the number of wisdom clouds of Bhikuni. Because the cave was built on the orders of Zhiyun, it is also called "Zhiyun Cave". The emperor refers to Tang Gaozong, and the queen refers to Wu Zetian. Because the cave spoon is engraved with 15000 Buddha statues, it is also called "Ten Thousand Buddha Cave".

The cave owner, named Amitabha, is round and light. He sat on a sumeru, wearing a lotus belt, with one hand pressing his chest close to his body and the other caressing his knees. This gesture means that Amitabha is talking to his disciples, so it is called "talking seal". There are four bare-chested, muscular and energetic Lux support rooms carved in the middle of the lotus seat. There are 54 lotus flowers carved on the cliff above the Buddha's backlight, and a bodhisattva sits on each branch, which is lifelike, changeable, unique and original. In addition, geisha musicians are engraved on the north and south walls. Musicians and maiko. Musicians hold instruments such as Qin, bamboo, drum, stem flow, flute and waist drum, which is the "Sitting Cloth" band in the court of the Tang Dynasty. Dancers play, play or fiddle with the strings as if to produce a beautiful melody. It is a wonderful thing that craftsmen can paint the dance and music scenes in the court of the Tang Dynasty vividly.

There are two stone lions outside the original cave, namely the fine relief of Longmen in Tang Dynasty, which was stolen in 1930s. It is now in the Boston Art Museum and the Nawilson Art Museum in Kansas City.

(In Lotus Cave)

Why is the end of this place called "Lotus Cave"? Let me explain to you: Lotus Cave is another large Northern Wei grottoes after Binyang Middle Cave. It is named after a Da Lian algae well pattern carved on the ceiling and flying around. Lotus is a famous Buddhist symbol, which means to emerge from the mud without being defiled. Therefore, the caissons at the top of Buddhist grottoes are mostly decorated with lotus flowers, but such a large lotus flower is so beautifully carved that it is rare in Longmen Grottoes. This cave was dug in the Xiaochang period of the Northern Wei Dynasty, that is, around 526-528 AD, belonging to the late Northern Wei Dynasty. This cave is 6.10m high, 6.15m deep, and the main Buddha is 6m high. On both sides are two disciples, Gaya and Ananda, standing between Buddha and Bodhisattva. On its left, Jia Ye, wearing a heavy cassock, shows the image of an ascetic trekking and travel-stained. He holds Zhang Xi in his right hand, which is unique in Longmen Grottoes. Above the north and south walls of Lotus Cave, there are reliefs of Hanazono Sakura Buddha, which are similar to the ten-faced Buddha referred to by "Hokkekyo", and each face is only about 2 cm high. They are the smallest carved Buddha statues in Longmen Grottoes. Carving such a small Buddha statue on a hard stone wall, and carving it so carefully, is really a unique skill in Longmen. Above the north side of the cave, there is a stone tablet engraved with the word "Yi Que", which was originally carved by Dalagni in the Tang Dynasty and later by the Governor of Henan Province in the Ming Dynasty, indicating the original name of Longmen.

(To Fengxian Temple)

After climbing dozens of steps, we arrived at Fengxian Temple. The largest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes is located in this temple, which was immediately dedicated to ancestors. Fengxian Temple is the largest, most exquisite, magnificent and most representative grottoes in Longmen Grottoes.

Fengxian Temple is about 40 meters deep from east to west and 36 meters wide from north to south. It is recorded in the inscription on the left side of the Great Rushana Buddha (Dai Buddha) that the Buddha is 85 feet tall, the two Bodhisattvas are 70 feet tall, and Gaya, Ananda and King Kong are 50 feet tall. According to relevant information and experts' speculation, Fengxian Temple was built in Wei Yong for six years, that is, after 655 AD. It was completed in the second year of Shang Yuan, that is, 675 AD1February 30th, and it took about 2 1 year.

Please look at the layout of Fengxian Temple: one Buddha, two disciples, two bodhisattvas, two heavenly kings, two mighty powers and two shelters. Buddhism believes that the Buddha has three bodies: the dharma body is the original body of the Buddha; Self-declaration is the Buddha's "Buddha fruit" body obtained through long-term practice; The body should be the body that the Buddha appeared for "crossing all beings". Lushe, that is the so-called Buddha, which translates as "pure shame". The main statue is Zhao Xi sitting in the middle. The total height of the statue is 17. 14 meters, of which the head height is 4 meters and the ear height is10.9 meters. It is the largest Buddha statue in Longmen Grottoes. His face is plump and elegant, his eyebrows are crescent-shaped, his eyes are full of affection, his smile is slightly exposed and his kindness overflows. Her wise eyes, looking down slightly, just meet the eyes of the worshippers, which can cause people's emotional tremor. This shows the designer's ingenuity and artistic charm. Two disciples standing on both sides, Kaya Ye, an old man, has a rigorous and prudent image, while An An, a young man, has a plump and round image with fine eyes. Each bodhisattva wears a crown, a garland, silk on his shoulders and a long skirt, which makes him appear to be out of the water. This statue shop depicts a solemn, beautiful and moving style. The overall layout of Fengxian Temple makes people feel like the scene of the emperor calling for officials.

Generally speaking, in the teachings of Buddhism, both Buddha and Bodhisattva are male, but the main Buddha of Fengxian Temple in Longmen is female. This is because of the political needs of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty, for the first time, she created a unique image as a middle-aged woman-Lushenafo. Legend has it that Wu Zetian combines the above virtues, which is almost exactly the same as the image of Rushenafo. It can be seen that the image of Rushna is a true portrayal of the image of Wu Zetian to a certain extent.

From an artistic point of view, the statue layout of Fengxian Temple is harmonious. The five characteristics of the giant Buddha statue are portrayed in proportion, which is a brilliant achievement of exquisite craftsmanship and has indelible artistic charm. It is a summary of the religious art in the Tang Dynasty and one of the models in the history of sculpture in China.

(In Guyangdong)

Guyang Cave was dug in the sixteenth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty and moved to Luoyang in 493 AD. More than 90% of the carvings in the cave were made by the Northern Wei Dynasty, which is the earliest and richest cave in Longmen Grottoes. The plane of the whole hole is horseshoe-shaped, and the top is like a dome. Because this cave is the most concentrated cave for the royal family and nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty. From this, we can also see the atmosphere of worshipping Buddha by the royal family in the Northern Wei Dynasty. The two walls in the cave are carved into three rows of shrines in an orderly manner. These small niches are exquisite and gorgeous, exquisitely decorated and colorful, which can be called masterpieces of sculpture, painting, calligraphy, architecture and pattern plastic arts in the Northern Wei Dynasty in Longmen Grottoes.

Guyangdong statue, in terms of its style and characteristics, represents some changes after moving the capital to Luoyang in the late Northern Wei Dynasty. From the rough, vigorous and solid in the early Northern Wei Dynasty to the exquisite and beautiful, it began to get rid of the early style. The depiction of facial expressions has also changed from severe to gentle, giving people a cordial feeling.

It is worth mentioning that the cave walls and ceilings of Guyang Cave are covered with statues of Buddhist niches, and most of these statues have statues inscriptions, which record the names, years and months of sculptors at that time and the reasons for their early statues. These are the most precious materials for studying calligraphy and sculpture in the Northern Wei Dynasty. There are 19 famous "Longmen Twenty Products" in stone carving art in Guyangdong. "Longmen 20 Pin" represents the style of Wei Bei, which is regular and generous, vigorous and powerful, and its writing style is between official script and regular script. It is a mature and unique font in the transition from official script to regular script. Twenty products in Longmen Grottoes can be said to be the essence of the calligraphy art of inscriptions in Longmen Grottoes, so it has been praised by calligraphers for thousands of years.

Due to the time, the explanation of the main caves in Longmen Grottoes (Xishan) ends here. Now I'll leave you some time to take pictures. After a while, we drove across the Longmen Bridge, across the Yi River and across the river to see the blue face of the West Mountain in Longmen. Thank you!

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