Distribution of crops in China (online, etc. , 200 points reward)

1. Wheat is divided into winter wheat and spring wheat. Winter wheat is mainly distributed in North China and its south, planted in autumn and harvested in summer. Rape is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin, and the planting and harvesting seasons are roughly the same as those of winter wheat. (There is a peasant proverb in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: "Cold dew breeds wheat in the first frost", which means that rape is generally planted in cold dew and wheat is planted in the first frost. They are usually harvested around the Dragon Boat Festival, and the harvest season is late in northern areas. Therefore, it is called summer harvest crop)

2. The distribution of cotton is mainly five commodity cotton bases. Spring planting and autumn harvest

3. Rice is widely planted in China, and the planting and harvesting seasons can be determined according to the planting system in various places. For example, in the northeast, if cooked once a year, it is spring planting and autumn harvest; Two crops a year are planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and double-cropping rice is planted in some fields. In double cropping rice, early rice is planted in spring and harvested in summer (generally 5. Insert seedlings before 1, 8. Early rice is harvested before 1, and late rice is planted before 1, so late July to early August is called double harvest), and late rice is harvested in autumn and summer sowing (165438+1early October). There is also a continuous cropping of rice and wheat, that is, rice is planted after the local winter wheat is harvested. This kind of rice is sown in summer and harvested in autumn (wheat or rape is planted soon after harvesting). The general exam only takes double-cropping rice. In some areas in the south (such as Hainan), three-season rice can be planted.

4. Peanuts are more widely distributed, and most of them pass through the hilly areas of Shandong and Liaodong, planting in spring and harvesting in autumn. It is also widely distributed in other places (such as Zhejiang and Fujian hills, Guangdong and Guangxi hills, Yunnan and Guizhou, etc.). ).

5. The main soybean producing area is in the Northeast Plain. According to the local situation of one crop a year, it can be inferred that it is spring planting and autumn harvest.

(1) The concentrated rice producing areas are mainly in the plains and the eastern hilly areas south of Qinhuai River. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai are 13 provinces and cities.

(2) Wheat and winter wheat are widely planted south of the Great Wall and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The concentrated production areas are mainly in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, followed by Anhui, Sichuan and Jiangsu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Spring wheat is mainly distributed in the north of the Great Wall and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

(3) Miscellaneous grains In China, corn, sorghum, millet, potatoes and soybeans are collectively referred to as miscellaneous grains.

① Corn: Except Qinghai and Tibet, it is distributed in all provinces, cities and districts in China, with the highest concentration in North China, Northeast China and Southwest China, with the most in North China and the second in Northeast China.

(2) Sorghum: It is cultivated in most provinces and regions of China, with the most concentrated distribution in the northeast and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

③ Millet: also known as millet, mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong and Liaoning provinces.

(4) Potatoes: sweet potatoes are the main producing areas, and the main producing areas are the Pearl River Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan Basin, the plain areas in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and some hilly areas in South China and Southwest China. Potato production is mainly in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, in which the planting area and output of the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia account for more than half of the country.

5 soybeans: all over the country.

1. Wheat is divided into winter wheat and spring wheat. Winter wheat is mainly distributed in North China and its south, planted in autumn and harvested in summer. Rape is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River basin, and the planting and harvesting seasons are roughly the same as those of winter wheat. (There is a peasant proverb in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River: "Cold dew breeds wheat in the first frost", which means that rape is generally planted in cold dew and wheat is planted in the first frost. They are usually harvested around the Dragon Boat Festival, and the harvest season is late in northern areas. Therefore, it is called summer harvest crop)

2. The distribution of cotton is mainly five commodity cotton bases. Spring planting and autumn harvest

3. Rice is widely planted in China, and the planting and harvesting seasons can be determined according to the planting system in various places. For example, in the northeast, if cooked once a year, it is spring planting and autumn harvest; Two crops a year are planted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and double-cropping rice is planted in some fields. In double cropping rice, early rice is planted in spring and harvested in summer (generally 5. Insert seedlings before 1, 8. Early rice is harvested before 1, and late rice is planted before 1, so late July to early August is called double harvest), and late rice is harvested in autumn and summer sowing (165438+1early October). There is also a continuous cropping of rice and wheat, that is, rice is planted after the local winter wheat is harvested. This kind of rice is sown in summer and harvested in autumn (wheat or rape is planted soon after harvesting). The general exam only takes double-cropping rice. In some areas in the south (such as Hainan), three-season rice can be planted.

4. Peanuts are more widely distributed, and most of them pass through the hilly areas of Shandong and Liaodong, planting in spring and harvesting in autumn. It is also widely distributed in other places (such as Zhejiang and Fujian hills, Guangdong and Guangxi hills, Yunnan and Guizhou, etc.). ).

5. The main soybean producing area is in the Northeast Plain. According to the local situation of one crop a year, it can be inferred that it is spring planting and autumn harvest.

(1) The concentrated rice producing areas are mainly in the plains and the eastern hilly areas south of Qinhuai River. Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shanghai are 13 provinces and cities.

(2) Wheat and winter wheat are widely planted south of the Great Wall and east of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The concentrated production areas are mainly in Henan, Shandong, Hebei, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, followed by Anhui, Sichuan and Jiangsu in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Spring wheat is mainly distributed in the north of the Great Wall and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

(3) Miscellaneous grains In China, corn, sorghum, millet, potatoes and soybeans are collectively referred to as miscellaneous grains.

① Corn: Except Qinghai and Tibet, it is distributed in all provinces, cities and districts in China, with the highest concentration in North China, Northeast China and Southwest China, with the most in North China and the second in Northeast China.

(2) Sorghum: It is cultivated in most provinces and regions of China, with the most concentrated distribution in the northeast and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

③ Millet: also known as millet, mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Jilin, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong and Liaoning provinces.

(4) Potatoes: sweet potatoes are the main producing areas, and the main producing areas are the Pearl River Basin, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan Basin, the plain areas in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and some hilly areas in South China and Southwest China. Potato production is mainly in Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, in which the planting area and output of the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia account for more than half of the country.

5 soybeans: all over the country.

Rice (1) producing areas in the south, the south of Qinhuai River and the east of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau account for about 95% of the country. According to regional differences, it can be divided into three areas. ① Double cropping rice areas in southern China. Including Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and Taiwan Province provinces south of Nanling. This area belongs to tropical and subtropical humid area, with rich water and heat resources, long growing period and large multiple cropping index. It is a double-cropping rice producing area in China, which is dominated by indica rice. Three-season rice is planted in low latitudes such as Hainan. ② Single and double cropping rice areas in the Yangtze River basin. Including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Shanghai and other provinces and cities north of Nanling and south of Huaihe River in Qinling, as well as southern Henan and southwestern Shaanxi. This area is located in the subtropical zone, with abundant heat, fertile soil, abundant precipitation, dense rivers and lakes and convenient irrigation. Over the years, the rice planting area and output accounted for about 2/3 of the country respectively, making it the largest rice producing area in China. Yangtze River Delta, He Lixia Plain, Central Anhui Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Central Jiangxi Hill, Dongting Lake Plain, Central Hunan Hill, Jianghan Plain and Chengdu Plain are the most concentrated areas in this area. Double-cropping rice is mostly planted in the south of the Yangtze River, while single-cropping rice rotates with other crops in the north of the Yangtze River. Both indica and japonica rice are distributed. ③ Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau rice region. The terrain in this area is complex, the vertical climate changes significantly, and rice varieties also have the characteristics of vertical distribution. Indica rice is planted at an altitude of about 2000 meters, and the crisscross area between japonica rice and indica rice is around1500m, and indica rice is planted below1200m. This area is dominated by single season.

(2) The vast area north of Qinling-Huaihe River is a scattered area of single-season japonica rice. The rice planting area accounts for about 5% of the total rice planting area in China. It has the characteristics of large dispersion and small concentration. Mainly distributed in the following three areas with sufficient water resources: Northeast rice is mainly concentrated in Yanji, Songhua River and Liaohe River in Jilin; North China is mainly concentrated in Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces and the river banks and low-lying areas in northern Anhui. Northwest China is mainly distributed in Wei Fen Plain, Hetao Plain, Yinchuan Plain, Hexi Corridor and some oasis areas in Xinjiang. One-season japonica rice is the main rice planted in scattered production areas in northern China, and its rice quality is good.

Wheat (1) Spring Wheat Area Spring wheat in China accounts for more than 10% of the total wheat output in China, which is mainly distributed in areas north of the Great Wall, Minshan Mountain and West of Daxue Mountain with cold climate and short frost-free period. Wheat can only be sown in spring and harvested in the same year, which is a one-year product. Among them, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang are the main producing areas. (2) The northern winter wheat areas are distributed in the provinces and regions south of the Great Wall, east of Liupan Mountain and north of the Huaihe River in Qinling Mountain, including Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. It is the largest wheat production and consumption area in China. The sown area and yield of wheat in this area account for more than two thirds of the country, and it is known as the "wheat granary" in China. (3) The southern winter wheat area is located in the area south of Qinling-Huaihe River and east of Hengduan Mountains. Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Hubei provinces are concentrated production areas, and most of them are cotton and wheat double cropping systems. The residents in this area live on rice, so the commodity rate of wheat is very high.

3. Corn is a high-yield crop with high economic value, and it is the most important miscellaneous grain in China, ranking third only to rice and wheat among food crops. The output is second only to the United States, ranking second in the world. Corn is not strict with natural conditions, and it is widely distributed in China and other places, with Jilin, Shandong, Hebei, Liaoning and Sichuan producing the most.

4. Other crops (1) sorghum has the characteristics of drought tolerance, waterlogging tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance and strong adaptability, and is mostly planted in drought, waterlogging and saline-alkali areas in northern China. Sorghum is widely distributed in China, with the northeast plain being the most concentrated, followed by the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and Huaibei Plain. (2) Millet millet is a traditional food crop in China. Millet has strong drought resistance, less water demand, about 1.5 times lower than that of wheat, less strict requirements on soil and shorter growth period. Millet is easy to store, suitable for grain storage, and has high nutritional value. It is mainly distributed in Keshan area from the north of Huaihe River to Heilongjiang Province. (3) Potatoes in China are mainly sweet potatoes, followed by potatoes. Sweet potatoes are mainly distributed in the south of latitude 42, with the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the Sichuan Basin and the Pearl River Basin as the main producing areas, among which Sichuan and Shandong have the largest output. Potatoes are mainly concentrated in Northeast China, western Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and northern Hebei, as well as areas with higher terrain and cooler climate in northern Sichuan, with the highest yield in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia.

There are many varieties of oil crops, mainly peanuts, rape, sesame, flax, soybean, sunflower and so on. The planting area of oil crops in China ranks first among cash crops, and it is the country with the largest number of oil crops in the world. 1. Among all kinds of oil crops, peanut has high yield per unit area and high oil content. It is a crop that likes temperature and bears barren, and its requirements for soil are not strict. Sandy soil with good drainage is the best. Peanut production is widely distributed, and it is planted all over the country except Tibet and Qinghai, mainly in Shandong, Guangdong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Fujian and other provinces, among which Shandong ranks first in the country, followed by Guangdong. At present, peanuts in China should be concentrated in two areas: one is the hilly land around Bohai Bay and the sandy land along the river, which is the largest peanut production base and export base in China; Second, the hilly and coastal areas of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Taiwan Province provinces in South China. 2. Rapeseed is the largest and most widely distributed oil crop in China. It is the country with the largest rapeseed production in the world. Rape is a cool-loving crop, which has low requirements for heat and soil. According to different sowing dates, it can be divided into spring rape and winter rape, and the distribution boundary of spring rape and winter rape is equivalent to spring winter wheat and slightly south. In China, winter rape is mainly planted. The Yangtze River Basin is the largest winter rape producing area in China, and Sichuan Province ranks first in planting area and yield. Followed by Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and other provinces. Spring rape is mainly concentrated in the northeast and northwest regions. 3. Sesame China is one of the countries that produce the most sesame seeds in the world. Sesame is a high-quality oil crop with high oil content. Sesame is widely distributed in China, mainly in Henan, Hubei, Anhui, Shandong and other provinces, among which Henan ranks first in the country. 4. Soybean China is the hometown of soybeans. As early as 5,000 years ago, soybean was rooted in the fertile soil of China. After the Middle Ages, soybeans were introduced to the West through Arabia. The United States has planted soybeans on a large scale for more than 70 years, but it has become the world's number one soybean producer, with an output of 75 million tons in 2000, accounting for 50% of the global soybean output. China, on the other hand, has become the first soybean importer in the world, with an annual import volume of140,000 tons. At present, the annual output is second only to the United States and Brazil, ranking third in the world. Soybean is not only a grain crop, an oil crop, but also an important non-staple food raw material with high nutritional value, so soybean has a special position in agriculture. Soybean is a warm crop, which needs high temperature in peak season and is suitable for drying in harvest season, so it is very suitable for planting in temperate regions in northern China. Soybean is widely distributed in China, especially in Songliao Plain in Northeast China and Huanghuai Plain in North China. Songliao Plain is the most important soybean production base in China, mainly along Songhua River, Liaohe River and Harbin-Dalian Line. Among them, Harbin, Liaoyuan and Changchun are known as the "three major warehouses" of soybeans in China.

Sugar crops Sugar crops mainly include sugar cane and sugar beet, among which sugar cane is the main one. Sugarcane is mainly distributed in the southern coastal provinces, and sugar beet is distributed in the northern provinces, so it has the characteristics of "southern sugarcane and northern vegetables". 1. Sugarcane Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical cash crop, which has the characteristics of liking high temperature, humidity and fertilizer, and has a long growth period. Sugarcane in China is mainly distributed in the area south of 24 north latitude. Among them, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan Province, Fujian, Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces have the largest planting area, and Guangdong is the province with the largest sugarcane planting in Chinese mainland. 2. Beet Beet likes warm and cool climate, and has the characteristics of cold tolerance, drought tolerance and alkali tolerance. Beets in China are mainly distributed in provinces north of latitude 40. Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Jilin, Gansu and Ningxia are the main producing areas. Heilongjiang is the largest beet producing area in China. Beet production bases are: western Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang, western Jilin, Hetao area in Inner Mongolia and Manas area in Xinjiang.

Other crops There are many other cash crops. Only tobacco and tea are introduced here. 1. Tobacco originated in South America. According to the different ways of making silk, it can be divided into flue-cured tobacco and sun-cured tobacco. In China, mainly flue-cured tobacco. Tobacco has the characteristics of temperature, light, fertilizer, drought and waterlogging, and it requires high conditions such as heat, moisture, soil and fertilizer during its growth. Tobacco is widely distributed in China, and Henan, Shandong, Yunnan, Gansu, Hunan and other provinces are important flue-cured tobacco producing areas in China. Among them, Henan is the largest flue-cured tobacco producing area in China, accounting for13 of the national output, mainly distributed in Xuchang, Nanyang, Zhoukou, Zhumadian and other places. Shandong flue-cured tobacco is mainly distributed along the Ji Jiao Railway from Weixian to Zibo, with Yidu and Linqu in Changwei being the most concentrated. Yunnan has the best quality of flue-cured tobacco, which is distributed in Qujing, Yuxi and Zhaotong. 2. Tea China is the origin of tea with a history of more than 2,000 years. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became an important export material of China, and once monopolized the world market for a long time. Later, the production was seriously damaged, and the output of 1949 was only 4 1 10,000 tons. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the tea production in China recovered and developed rapidly. In 1996, the tea output reached 590,000 tons, ranking second in the world after India. China's domestic tea area is vast, widely distributed in the vast mountains and hills south of Qinling-Huaihe River, with Zhejiang, Hunan, Anhui, Sichuan and Fujian provinces producing the most, ranking the top five tea-producing provinces in China, followed by Yunnan, Guangdong and Hubei provinces.