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summary of modern logistics and logistics park planning

1. the concept of modern logistics

modern logistics is the operation mode and management mechanism of goods storage, trading and unloading based on traditional logistics, which organically combines transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, processing, sorting, transportation and information to form a complete supply chain, thus speeding up logistics and improving accuracy.

2. Comparison between modern logistics and traditional logistics

Traditional logistics and modern logistics are in a continuous relationship. The former is the foundation and the latter is the development direction. There is no strict time-space separation between the two, which depends on market demand and development.

traditional logistics only provides a single logistics function, lacks information integration, and has the characteristics of "five lows and three highs", namely, low investment, low level, low efficiency, low income, low competitiveness, high cost, high risk and high consumption. Modern logistics is characterized by socialization, assimilation, systematization, integration, informationization and modernization. It has the characteristics of "five highs and three lows", that is, high investment, high level, high efficiency, high income, high competitiveness, low cost, low risk and low consumption.

the development performance of traditional logistics and modern logistics in transportation

the difference between modern logistics and traditional storage and transportation

the concept of traditional storage and transportation of modern logistics goes to the market, participates in competition, is market-oriented, customer-oriented, and everything is closed to customers' self-service concept and the practice of "waiting for the rabbit"

the satisfaction of business purpose consumer demand supplies goods to the society

the demand of source power consumers pulls, That is, from the consumer demand, through the information transmission in all links of the logistics system, it finally determines how commodity production enterprises should carry out production. The driving force of traditional storage and transportation is production. The need of production leads to the traditional storage and transportation activities

main functions such as packaging, loading and unloading, transportation, storage, distribution processing, distribution, logistics information, etc.

continuous organic contact with society, isolated and discontinuous

3. Overview of modern logistics planning

Combined with the actual situation of China's logistics development, The current logistics planning mainly includes the following categories:

1. National and regional logistics development planning

National logistics development planning: National logistics development planning is not a simple industrial development planning, but a comprehensive strategic development planning with more contents, with more emphasis on strategic positioning, resource allocation, support system and other aspects. It mainly includes the following basic elements: analysis of the development trend of international logistics; Analysis of the current situation of domestic logistics development; Domestic logistics development ideas; Orientation of domestic logistics development goals; Logistics development infrastructure layout planning; Logistics technology development planning; Support security system planning, etc.

regional logistics development planning: there are generally provincial logistics development planning and municipal logistics development planning.

second, logistics park planning

logistics park planning is different from national and regional logistics development planning, and also different from industrial and real estate park planning. The planning of logistics park pays more attention to the scientific combination of land layout and functional layout in a large-scale geographical scope, the basic conditions planning of park construction and development, and the characteristics of logistics industry and the coordination of related industries. The elements of logistics park planning mainly include: the background of regional economic development and urban development (such as the present situation and development planning of regional economic development and urban development, etc.); The development status of logistics industry in the region (such as resource distribution, logistics volume and its distribution, market demand, etc.); Necessity and feasibility analysis of construction; Site selection demonstration; Positioning analysis; Functional design; Layout planning; Traffic planning; Information system planning; Support the planning of security system; Construction and development implementation plan.

III. Planning and design of logistics center

Logistics center generally refers to the logistics node between logistics park and logistics enterprises, that is, a comprehensive modern logistics center with relatively small scale, complete logistics functions and high logistics service level, including socialized public logistics center and specialized industrial logistics center.

4. Logistics Park and Logistics Park Planning

4.1 The concept and development of logistics park

The so-called logistics park refers to a place where all kinds of logistics facilities and logistics enterprises are concentrated in space. The logistics park has a history of at least several decades in Europe, and many countries in the world have tried to develop the logistics park.

A freight village in Europe is a defined area, in which all activities related to commodity transportation, logistics and distribution, including international and domestic transportation, are realized by different OPERATOR. These operators may be the owners or lessees of the buildings and facilities (warehouses, dismantling centers, storage areas, offices, parking lots, etc.) built there. At the same time, in order to abide by the rules of free competition, a freight village must allow all enterprises closely related to the business activities stated above to enter. A freight village must also have all the public facilities to realize the operation mentioned above. If possible, it should also include public services for employees and users' equipment. In order to encourage multimodal transport of goods, it is necessary to serve a freight village more appropriately through a variety of transportation modes (land, railway, deep-water port, inland river and air transport). Finally, it is necessary for a freight village to RUN through a single entity, either public or private.

This definition was formulated (confirmed) by an organization called "European Platform" on September 18th, 1992. This definition clarifies the following contents: to realize all business activities such as transportation, logistics and distribution in the freight village-business activities or scope; Operators are owners and lessees of logistics and related facilities-owners and operators; Enterprises enter and abide by the principle of free competition-market rules; The freight village must have all public facilities-basic or infrastructure; Diversified modes of transportation-diversified modes of transportation; A single operation subject-operation subject.

logistics park is also called logistics base, logistics group or logistics center. It first appeared in Tokyo, Japan. Since 1965, the Japanese government began to separate the circulation machine from the city center, which was planned and funded by the government in order to solve the problems of a large number of wholesale, import and export of various industries from the inside out and from the outside in Tokyo, mixed traffic, high vacancy rate of vehicles and low urban function. Four modern circulation bases, namely, Gexi, Heping Island, Hanqiao and Zuli, have been built in the southeast and northwest of Tokyo, and corresponding logistics facilities, such as business transaction building, large warehouse land and highway cargo distribution center, have been established. By gradually improving various infrastructure and service facilities and providing various preferential policies, large logistics enterprises have been attracted to gather here, which has enabled them to obtain economies of scale, reduced logistics costs, improved the urban environment and enhanced the comprehensive competitiveness of the city.

the construction of logistics park is a new trend of the development of modern logistics industry. According to incomplete statistics: Japan has built 2 logistics parks since 1965; Netherlands, 14 logistics parks; South Korea has established two logistics parks in Fuge and Liangshan. Taiwan Province has recently established a large-scale logistics park in Kaohsiung; Germany's "Bremen" freight center covers an area of more than thousands of acres. In addition, Britain, Belgium, Canada, France, Mexico and so on have established logistics parks and freight distribution centers.

The first logistics park (base) in China, Shenzhen Pinghu Logistics Base, was founded on December 1, 1998. At the beginning of 2, Pinghu Logistics Base put forward a concept to define the logistics base, which is called "a specific area for building the logistics foundation". Its characteristics are three: First, it is comprehensive and intensive; Second, independence and professionalism; The third is public welfare. To sum up, it mainly has the following characteristics: a collection of various means of transportation; Intensive operation mode; Coordination of various operating systems; The choice of various urban needs; Matching of various service means; In addition, the logistics base should also provide supporting services with the cooperation of relevant departments (commodity inspection, law, taxation, insurance, banking, railway and civil aviation).

4.2 Basic functions of logistics park

Logistics park is an urban logistics functional area with the nature of economic development, which focuses on the construction and development of logistics organization and management nodes; At the same time, it is also an economic functional zone with the nature of industrial development, relying on relevant logistics service facilities to reduce logistics costs, improve logistics operation efficiency, and improve distribution processing, raw material procurement and production that is convenient for direct contact with consumption places.

Modern logistics parks mainly have two functions, namely, logistics organization and management function and economic development function relying on logistics services. As a functional area of urban logistics, logistics park includes logistics center, distribution center, transportation hub facilities, transportation organization and management center and logistics information center, as well as logistics infrastructure to meet the needs of urban logistics management and operation; As an economic functional area, its main function is to carry out enterprise production and business activities that meet the needs of urban residents' consumption, local production and regional production organizations.

the internal functions of logistics park can be summarized into eight aspects, namely, comprehensive function, intensive function, information transaction function, centralized storage function, distribution and processing function, multimodal transport function, auxiliary service function and parking lot function. Among them, the content of comprehensive function is: it has the function of integrating various logistics modes and logistics forms, and can comprehensively handle the operation modes such as storage, packaging, loading and unloading, distribution processing and distribution, as well as the mutual conversion between different operation modes.

4.3 types of logistics parks

from the perspective of meeting the needs of regional logistics services, there are four main types of logistics parks:

First, regional logistics organized parks. Its function is to meet the logistics organization and management in the region. For example, the port logistics park in Shenzhen; Including the three major logistics parks in Shanghai; Beijing logistics base jointly developed by Beijing and Hong Kong, and logistics parks planned or under construction in Xiamen, Nanchang, Taixing and Changchun.

the second is the commercial logistics park. The function of commercial logistics park is mainly to create centralized trading, regional transportation and urban distribution service conditions for the trade activities of the region or specific commodities. The commercial logistics park is basically located in the distribution center of traditional and superior commodities, which plays an important role in expanding the transaction scale and reducing the transaction cost. Logistics parks with commercial circulation functions mainly include Liuyang Pharmaceutical Logistics Park in Hunan, Xiqiao Textile Logistics Base in Guangdong, Yihua Commercial Logistics Base in Shaoguan, Zhejiang Chuanhua Logistics Base, and Southwest Auto Parts Logistics Base in Chengdu.

the third is the transportation hub logistics park. As a relatively concentrated area of logistics, logistics park can realize large-scale transportation from the perspective of transportation organization and service. Conversely, large-scale transportation organization creates basic conditions for the concentration of logistics organization and management activities. Therefore, it is also one of the important types of important areas of logistics park to build a special transportation hub logistics park and form the function of regional transportation organization. Logistics parks belonging to transportation hubs include Shenzhen Aviation Logistics Park, Dalian Xin Wharf Logistics Base, Dalian International Logistics Park, Beijing Airport Logistics Park, Guangdong Nanhai Sanshan International Logistics Park, Shanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port Logistics Park, Wenzhou Port Logistics Park, Xuzhou Xiangshan Logistics Park and Nanchang Import and Export Logistics Park. The main function of these logistics parks is to provide organization and services for port services, water transport, air transport, railway transport and road transport.

the fourth is the comprehensive logistics park. The so-called comprehensive logistics park is a logistics park with multiple functions, such as regional logistics organization, trade circulation, transportation hub and supporting industrial production enterprises, but this integration is not necessarily the integration of all functions, but often a different combination of the above functions. Such as Suzhou Modern Integrated Logistics Park, Changsha Xingang Logistics Park, Nanjing Longtan Logistics Park, Hefei New Station Development Zone Logistics Park, Shenyang Sea Logistics Park, Jiangyin Port Integrated Logistics Park, Guangzhou Automobile Logistics Base, Xiamen Tongan Logistics Base, Dongguan Changping Logistics Park, Shunde Bonded Logistics Base, Harbin Longyun Logistics Park, etc.

4.4 Comparison of development and construction of logistics parks at home and abroad

Logistics parks are a new way of collecting and distributing logistics when the logistics industry develops to a certain stage. Proceeding from the overall interests of the city, in order to solve the urban functional disorder, alleviate the urban traffic congestion, reduce the environmental pressure, improve the scale efficiency of logistics operation, meet the needs of the development of combined transport of goods, conform to the development trend of the logistics industry, and realize the "smooth flow of goods", the government has set aside land near the main traffic arteries in the suburbs or urban-rural fringe, and provided various preferential policies by gradually improving various infrastructure and service facilities to attract large-scale logistics centers to gather here, so that they can obtain scale efficiency and reduce.

according to incomplete statistics, there are hundreds of logistics bases under construction and planning in China, and the investment scale is tens of millions, hundreds of millions, billions or even billions. Although some logistics parks have been built, there is no one in the park. According to the survey, the vacancy rate of logistics parks in China is as high as 6%.

4.4.1 Comparison of spatial layout of logistics parks

The reasons for the emergence of logistics parks determine that most logistics parks are located on the edge of the city center or the edge of the city, with good traffic conditions and sufficient land. In order to attract logistics, distribution and transshipment centers and other enterprises to gather in the park, many factors such as logistics market demand, land price, transportation facilities, labor cost and environment need to be considered in the spatial layout of the logistics park.

For example, when Germany arranges freight centers nationwide, it mainly considers the following three factors: there are at least two modes of transportation, especially road and railway; Choose the center of transportation hub to make the layout of logistics park adapt to the transportation network; Economic rationality, including the choice and utilization of transportation mode, lower land price, sufficient and high-quality labor force, environmental protection and ecological balance, and the realization of the interests of members operating in the logistics park.

4.4.2 Comparison of the land occupation scale of the logistics park

The logistics park is a gathering place of a large distribution center or multiple distribution centers, which is mainly used for storage, transportation and processing, and also includes some supporting facilities such as information, consultation, maintenance and comprehensive services.

the construction area and the number of parks vary from country to country. Japan is the first country to establish a logistics park. Since 1965, more than 2 large-scale logistics parks have been built, covering an average area of about 74 hectares. In 1995-1996, South Korea established two logistics parks in Fugu and Liangshan respectively, covering an area of 33 hectares. The 14 logistics parks counted by the Netherlands cover an average area of 44.8 hectares; The Cargovil Logistics Zone in Belgium covers an area of 75 hectares; Compared with the British logistics park, the scale is much smaller. The first logistics park built in 1988 covers an area of less than 1 hectare. On the contrary, some freight centers in Germany cover a large area, such as the freight center in Bremen, which covers an area of more than 1 hectares. Generally speaking, the land used in foreign logistics parks is more than 7 hectares, and the maximum is no more than 1 square kilometer.

At present, China has been built or regulated.